Key Points
- FDIC as Receiver (“Receivership”) forms a limited liability
company (“LLC”) to which loans are conveyed via a Loan Contribution
and Assignment Agreement from the Receivership to the LLC.
- In exchange for contributing loans to LLC, Receivership receives
sole membership interest in the LLC.
- LLC enters into Participation and Servicing Agreement with
Receivership (“Participant”), issuing a Participation Certificate that
typically grants an 80% participation interest in the loans (actual
percentage is specific to each LLC) to the receivership. The LLC is obligated to service
the loans and enter into a Servicing Agreement with a qualified servicer. The LLC is also obligated to enter into a Custodial
Agreement with a qualified document custodian.
- Bids are taken and LLC Membership Interest is sold to 3rd party
(thereafter, the “LLC Interest Holder”). Bidders must be
pre-qualified, have demonstrated financial capacity and the ability to
manage and dispose of similar loan portfolios, and have certified
eligibility to purchase FDIC receivership assets.
- LLC Interest Holder must provide a guaranty of its and LLC’s
obligations by a substantial entity that owns a majority interest in
the LLC Interest Holder (or such other guarantor as is acceptable to
the FDIC).
- LLC receives a monthly management fee that is specified prior to
bid date.
- Cash flows from the loans, after deducting the monthly management
fee and advances for such things as taxes, insurance, and property
protection expenses, are allocated between the Participant and the
LLC, with the Participant entitled to its percentage interest
(described above). The Participant’s share of distributable cash is
remitted monthly along with a servicing report.
- Transactions typically include a Threshold, which is a stated
dollar amount of distributions to the Receivership, including the
sales price received on sale of the LLC Membership Interest. Upon
reaching the Threshold, the participation interest of the Receiver
drops (for instance, from 80% to 60%), with the interest of the LLC
Interest Holder increasing by a corresponding percentage (for
instance, from 20% to 40%). The Threshold and the amount by which the
percentage interest of the Participant changes upon reaching the
Threshold are specific to each transaction.
- Threshold amount is established by the FDIC and disclosed prior to
the bid date.
- LLC and LLC Interest Holder is responsible for ensuring proper
servicing of the loans and maximization of the value of the loans.
- Receivership has the right to require the sale of all
remaining g LLC assets when the aggregate unpaid principal balance of
the loans has been reduced to 10 percent of the balance at closing or
upon the 7th anniversary of the effective date of the Participation
and Servicing Agreement (10th anniversary for LLCs with single-family
residential loans), whichever occurs first.
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