|
Below is a listing of major U.S. government studies written after
1980 on the related topics of deposit insurance and bank failures.
The studies touch upon a variety of issues associated with the protection of deposits and
depositors, including: the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Bank Insurance
Fund (BIF) and the Savings Association Insurance Fund (SAIF), deposit insurance reform, the
causes of bank failures, moral hazard and "too-big-to-fail".
Copies of these reports are available to the public through the government depository library
program. Contact your local library for assistance.
Congressional Budget Office
- Budgetary Treatment of Deposit Insurance: A Framework for Reform
Washington, 1991.
- Mandated by the U.S. Congress, the intent was to study whether the accounting for federal
deposit insurance programs should be on a cash basis, on the same basis as loan guarantees, or
some other alternative.
- The Changing Business of Banking: A Study of Failed Banks from 1987 to 1992.
Washington, 1994.
- Prepared at the request of the Senate Banking Committee, the study examined the major
factors contributing to bank failures during the period outlined and discussed the extraordinary
resolution costs that resulted.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- A Brief History of Deposit Insurance
- An overview of the development of the system of deposit insurance in the United States.
http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/brief/index.html
- Deposit Insurance: An Annotated Bibliography 1989 - 1999. Washington, 2000.
- Compiled by the Division of Research and Statistics and the FDIC Library, the annotated
bibliography was intended as a comprehensive compilation of research on deposit insurance
issues. More than 700 works, including books, journal articles, dissertations, monographs
and other resources are cited, often with abstracts. Annual updates are planned.
http://www.fdic.gov/deposit/deposits/international/bibliography/index.html
- Deposit Insurance Options Paper. Published by the FDIC, August, 2000.
- The "Options Paper" was published by the FDIC as part of a comprehensive review of the
U.S. deposit insurance system. Intended to provoke discussion, the Paper identified three
fundamental areas for review: the processes for pricing risks, the funding of insurance
losses, and the establishment of coverage limits.
http://www.fdic.gov/deposit/insurance/initiative/OptionPaper.html
- Deposit Insurance for the Nineties: Meeting the Challenge. Washington, 1989.
- Issued just before the passage of FIRREA, the report represents the FDIC's review of the
problems associated with the then-existing deposit insurance regime and the Agency's
recommendations for reform.
- Deposit Insurance in a Changing Environment. Washington, 1983.
- At the request of the House Banking Committee, the FDIC analyzed a wide range of strategies
that had been proposed to reform the then-existing system of deposit insurance.
- FDIC: The First Fifty Years - A History of the FDIC, 1933 - 1983. Washington,
1983.
- Prepared in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the FDIC, this
study presented a readable overview of issues related to deposit insurance, and a history of
the Agency itself.
http://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/firstfifty/index.html
- Findings and Recommendations Concerning "Pass-Through" Deposit Insurance.
Washington, 1990.
- A FIRREA-mandated study, the FDIC was required to review the pass-through deposit insurance
coverage provided to individual participants in pension and profit-sharing 401k plans, as well
as individual investors in unit investment trusts.
- History of the Eighties: Lessons for the Future. 2 Vol., Washington, 1998.
- The banking problems of the 1980s and early 1990s were of a magnitude not seen since the
Great Depression and therefore provided a unique window through which FDIC researchers and
analysts studied the causes of, and the resultant regulatory and supervisory response to, the
sharply increased numbers of bank failures.
http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/history/index.html
- Managing the Crisis: The FDIC and RTC Experience. 2 Vol., Washington, 1998.
- The FDIC reviewed the manner in which bank and thrift failures were handled during the late
1980s and early 1990s. Volume 1 describes the evolution of the methods used to resolve failed
institutions and provides case studies for several major failures including Continental
Illinois, First RepublicBank and the Bank of New England. Volume 2 contains the
proceedings of an FDIC-sponsored symposium held on the topic in April, 1998.
http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/managing/index.html
- Mandate for Change: Restructuring the Banking Industry. Washington, 1987
- The FDIC under then-Chairman Seidman issued this reform proposal late in 1987. Although
much of the report addresses broad issues such as expanded bank powers in a changing financial
marketplace, the FDIC recommended specific deposit insurance reforms. Among others, these
included increasing FDIC supervisory authority to ensure that the activities of outside
affiliates would not threaten the insured bank.
- Recommendations for Deposit Insurance Reform
- In April, 2001, after a completing a comprehenisve review, the FDIC issued recommendations
for strengthening the deposit insurance system. These recommendations included merging the
Bank Insurance Fund (BIF) and the Savings Association Insurance Fund (SAIF), and adopting a
more risk-based system for charging insurance premiums.
http://www.fdic.gov/deposit/insurance/initiative/index.html
- Report to the Congress on the Findings and Recommendations Concerning the "Two-Window"
Deposit System Proposal. Washington, 1992.
- Mandated by FDICIA, a "two-window" structure would allow banking organizations to compete
in non-bank markets without exposing the deposit insurance fund to undue risk.
- Resolutions Handbook: Methods for Resolving Troubled Financial Institutions in the
United States. Washington, 1998
- The report details the processes available to the FDIC for the resolution of problem banks
and savings institutions.
http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/reshandbook/index.html
- A Study of the Desirability and Feasibility of a Risk-Based Deposit Insurance Premium
System. Washington, 1990.
- Another FIRREA-mandated report, the FDIC reviewed the framework for deposit insurance
pricing methods and recommended procedures and an implementation strategy.
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
- Agenda for Reform: A Report on Deposit Insurance Reform. Washington, 1983.
- Mandated by the Garn-St. Germain Act, the report recommended a variety of improvements in
the deposit insurance system.
National Commission on Financial Institution Reform, Recovery and Enforcement
- Origins and Causes of the S&L Debacle: A Blueprint for Reform. Washington, 1993.
- The Commission's report was based on months of study, public hearings, recorded interviews
and original research on the causes of the savings-and-loan crisis of the 1980s and early 1990s.
The Commission focused on the major forces that led to the crisis and/or contributed to its
magnitude. The report also recommended policy changes that would reduce the chances for a
similar, future crisis.
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
- Bank Failure: An Evaluation of the Factors Contributing to the Failure of National
Banks. Washington, 1988.
- The OCC found that in most cases of failure, specific factors and patterns of practice
within the bank itself were the chief determinants of failure, although economic problems in
the local market served by the bank often played a contributing role.
http://www.occ.treas.gov/bankfailure.pdf
- Problem Bank Identification, Rehabilitation, and Resolution: a Guide for
Examiners. Washington, 2001.
- A detailed guide to the early detection and rehabilitation of problem banks and
the advanced supervision and resolution of these institutions when conditions are
more serious. Considerable discussion is offered on early warning systems for examiners,
the supervision strategies designed to rehabilitate problem institutions, resolution
management and the bank closing process.
http://www.occ.treas.gov/prbbnkgd.pdf
Resolution Trust Corporation
- Open-Bank Assistance: A Study of Government Assistance to Troubled Banks from the
RFC to the Present. Washington, 1990.
- This RTC research study describes four major types of open-bank assistance; the loan and
investment program of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation; the FDIC's net worth certificate
program; the FDIC's capital forbearance program; and direct open-bank assistance transactions.
U.S. Congress, House Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
- Banking Industry in Turmoil: A Report on the Condition of the U.S. Banking Industry and
the Bank Insurance Fund. Washington, 1990.
- Three private-sector economists, James Barth, Dan Brumbaugh and Robert Litan, presented
this study to the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions. In addition to providing an overview
of the banking industry's travails, the authors recommended a variety of reforms to the deposit
insurance system, as well as legislative changes that in their view would reduce the deposit
insurance liabilities of the government.
- Briefing Paper on Deposit Insurance: How it Originated and How it Works.
Washington, 1990.
- The report was intended as a guide for members as the House of Representatives debated
various deposit insurance reform proposals.
U.S. General Accounting Office
- Deposit Insurance: Analysis of Reform Proposals. Washington, 1986.
- The report recommended strengthened supervisory and financial reporting requirements by
financial institutions.
- Deposit Insurance: A Strategy for Reform. Washington, 1991.
- Mandated by FIRREA, the report outlined changes to the deposit insurance system that in the
GAO's view would promote a safe, sound and stable banking industry. Among the GAO's many
recommendations were heightened supervision of bank and thrifts and an increase in the
regulatory authority of the FDIC.
U.S. Office of Management and Budget
- Budgeting for Federal Deposit Insurance. Washington, 1991.
- The OMB found that the then-present system of cash accounting for deposit insurance had
delayed recognition of the growing costs of the program.
U.S. Department of the Treasury
- Modernizing the Financial System: Recommendations for Safer, More Competitive
Banks. Washington, 1991.
- Mandated by FIRREA, this lengthy report recommended introducing a risk-based system for
pricing federal deposit insurance. Many of the recommendations were incorporated into the
FDICIA legislation of 1991.
- Recommendations for Change in the Federal Deposit Insurance System. Washington.
The Working Group of the Cabinet Council on Economic Affairs, January, 1985.
- The report recommended risk-related pricing of deposit insurance, increasing the size of
the bank and thrift funds, increasing capital requirements and improving regulatory procedures.
|
