pmc logo imageJournal ListSearchpmc logo image
Logo of pnasPNAS Home page.Reference to the article.PNAS Info for AuthorsPNAS SubscriptionsPNAS About
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 November 4; 105(44): 17157–17162.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0809353105.
PMCID: PMC2575223
Neuroscience
Dynamical relaying can yield zero time lag neuronal synchrony despite long conduction delays
Raul Vicente,ab1 Leonardo L. Gollo,c Claudio R. Mirasso,c Ingo Fischer,d and Gordon Pipaabef
aDepartment of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany;
bFrankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
cInstituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Universidad de las Islas Baleares-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Campus Universidad de las Islas Baleares, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
dSchool of Engineering and Physical Science and Joint Research Institute for Integrated Systems, Heriot–Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland;
eDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Harvard/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307; and
fDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Gray–Bigelow 4, Boston, MA 02114-2696
1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: raulvicente/at/mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de
Communicated by Rodolfo R. Llinás, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, September 18, 2008.
Author contributions: R.V., L.L.G., C.R.M., I.F., and G.P. designed research; R.V., L.L.G., C.R.M., I.F., and G.P. performed research; R.V. and L.L.G. analyzed data; and R.V., L.L.G., C.R.M., I.F., and G.P. wrote the paper.
Received June 11, 2008.
Abstract
Multielectrode recordings have revealed zero time lag synchronization among remote cerebral cortical areas. However, the axonal conduction delays among such distant regions can amount to several tens of milliseconds. It is still unclear which mechanism is giving rise to isochronous discharge of widely distributed neurons, despite such latencies. Here, we investigate the synchronization properties of a simple network motif and found that, even in the presence of large axonal conduction delays, distant neuronal populations self-organize into lag-free oscillations. According to our results, cortico–cortical association fibers and certain cortico–thalamo–cortical loops represent ideal circuits to circumvent the phase shifts and time lags associated with conduction delays.
Keywords: thalamocortical system, isochronous oscillations, phase locking, long-range synchronization, axonal latency