January 1988 - February 1994 Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-35 264 citations from AGRICOLA Joe Makuch and Bonnie Emmert Water Quality Information Center Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography series of the National Agricultural Library (NAL), are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not in-depth and exhaustive. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from online searches of the AGRICOLA database. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria. Send suggestions for Quick Bibliography on water-related topics to wqic@nalusda.gov The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search strategy of the Quick Bibliography. Information regarding these is available from the author/searcher. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation should not be construed as endorsement or disapproval. An author and subject index is provided along with the search strategy. PLEASE NOTE: Information on document delivery services,interlibrary loan requests and copyright restrictions is appended to this bibiiography. If Quick Bibliography files are copied and/or distributed, please include this information in all copies. ************************************************************************ Irrigating Efficiently 1 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 AGWATER--irrigation management and planning expert system. Hawkins, T.; Burt, C.M. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 64-68; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation; Computer software; Water use efficiency 2 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883 Alfalfa yield and plant water relations with variable irrigation. Grimes, D.W.; Wiley, P.L.; Sheesley, W.R. Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Nov. Crop science v. 32 (6): p. 1381-1387; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Medicago sativa; Arid climate; Semiarid climate; Cultivars; Varietal reactions; Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Sprinkler irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Water potential; Water stress; Crop yield; Yield losses Abstract: In the arid and semiarid western USA, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown for forage requires large amounts of water for high productivity. Managing alfalfa to achieve the best possible water-use efficiency (WUE) is essential for the crop to remain competitive for water supplies both within and outside agriculture. This study was conducted in the San Joaquin Valley of California, to define alfalfa forage yield and plant water relation responses of three alfalfa cultivars (CUF 101, Moapa 69, and WL 318) to contrasting irrigation intensities and establish critical plant water-status values for irrigation scheduling. A single line-source sprinkler system provided a variable water supply. The soil was a Hanford sandy loam, silty substratum (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic typic xerorthent). Maximum total season crop evapotranspiration (ET(c)) of 1000 mm gave 26.3 Mg ha-1 of hay yield that was similar for the three cultivars. A linear hay yield (Y(h))-ET(c) relationship was defined as Y(h) = -0.212 + 0.0265 ET(c) (r2 = 0.82). Water-use efficiency, 23.1 Mg ha-1 dry matter per meter of water used as ET(c), was comparable with other C(3) species. As midday plant water potential declined below -1 MPa, yield reductions were observed for all cultivars. Increased crop water stress index (CWSI) was correlated (r = 0.84) with declining midday plant water potential below the -1 MPa yield-limiting midday plant water potential threshold. Absolute values of midday plant water potential or CWSI associated with a given yield reduction were cultivar-dependent; Moapa 69 and WL 318 responded alike, but each differed from CUF 101. Plant-based water-status measurements provided a practical and reliable index for assessing the adequacy of supplied irrigation water. 3 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Anaerobic digestion of wastes containing pyrolignitic acids. Andreoni, V.; Bonfanti, P.; Daffonchio, D.; Sorlini, C.; Villa, M. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1990. Biological wastes v. 34 (3): p. 203-214; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wood; Pyrolysis; Residues; Waste treatment; Anaerobic digestion; Removal; Efficiency; Methane production 4 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Analysis of efficiency of overhead irrigation in container production. Beeson, R.C. Jr; Knox, G.W. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1991 Jul. HortScience v. 26 (7): p. 848-850; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Rhododendron; Pittosporum tobira; Sprinkler irrigation; Container grown plants; Irrigation; Efficiency; Overhead sprayers; Leaf area; Canopy; Density; Spacing; Containers; Size Abstract: Volume of water captured in a container as a function of sprinkler type, spacing, plant type, and container size was measured for marketable-sized plants. Percent water captured was calculated and a model to predict this value derived. Percent water captured was inversely related to the leaf area contained in the cylinder over the container when containers were separated, and with total plant leaf area at a pot-to-pot spacing. This relationship was independent of leaf curvature (concave vs. convex). Canopy densities were less related to percent water captured than leaf areas. Irrigation application efficiencies separated by spacing ranged from 37% at a close spacing to 25% at a spacing of 7.6 cm between containers. Container spacing, canopy shedding, and possibly some canopy retention of water later lost by evaporation were determined to be the main factors associated with the low efficiencies. The results suggest that higher irrigation application efficiencies would be maintained only if plants were transplanted to larger containers before reaching maximum canopy size rather than spacing existing containers to achieve more room for canopy growth. 5 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72 Analysis of experiments involving line source sprinkler irrigation. Morgan, D.D.V.; Carr, M.K.V. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1988 Apr. Experimental agriculture v. 24 (2): p. 169-176; 1988 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Water use efficiency; Rate of wetting; Performance testing; Analysis of covariance; Coverage; Dispersion; Spraylines 6 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842 Antitranspirant effects on yield, quality and water use efficiency of Russet Burbank potatoes. Stark, J.C.; Dwelle, R.B. Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1989 Sep. American potato journal v. 66 (9): p. 563-574; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Idaho; Solanum tuberosum; Antitranspirants; Crop management; Crop quality; Crop yield; Drought resistance; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation systems; Water stress; Water use efficiency 7 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Application method affects water application efficiency of spray stake-irrigated containers. Lamack, W.F.; Niemiera, A.X. Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural Science; 1993 Jun. HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 28 (6): p. 625-627; 1993 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Tagetes erecta; Container grown plants; Trickle irrigation; Application methods; Application rates; Water use efficiency; Water deficit; Irrigation scheduling; Pine bark Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of water application medium moisture deficit, water application rate, and intermittent application on water application efficiency {[(amount applied - amount leached)/amount applied] X 100} of spray stake-irrigated, container-grown plants. Pine bark- filled containers were irrigated to replace moisture deficits of 600, 1200, or 1800 ml; deficits were returned in single, continuous applications of 148, 220, or 270 ml-min-1. Efficiency was unaffected by medium at a 600-ml deficit was irrigated with 400 or 600 ml (65% and 100% water replacement, respectively); deficits were returned in a single, continuous application or in intermittent 100-ml applications with 30-min intervals between irrigations. Application efficiency was greater with intermittent irrigation (95% and 84% for 400- and 600-ml replacement, respectively) than with continuous 100-, or 150-ml aliquots with 20, 40, or 60 min between applications in a factorial design. Efficiency increased with decreasing application volume and increasing time between applications. Highest efficiency (86%) was achieved with an irrigation regimen of 50-ml applications with at least 40 min between applications, compared to 62% for the control treatment (a single, continuous application of 600 ml). Our results suggest that growers using spray stakes would waste less water by applying water intermittently rather than continuously. 8 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (IR) Applying partial irrigation in Pakistan. Trimmer, W.L. New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1990 May. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 116 (3): p. 342-353; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pakistan; Irrigation systems; Crop yield; Water conservation; Water management; Cost benefit analysis; Optimization 9 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Automatic dam management and river regulation for irrigation purposes. Tardieu, H. Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1988. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 2 (1): p. 53-61. maps; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: France; Irrigation; Canals; Dams; Rivers; Water management; Water use efficiency 10 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Automation of border irrigation in South-East Australia: an overview. Malano, H.M.; Patto, M. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 6 (1): p. 9-26; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Border irrigation; Irrigated farming; Automatic irrigation systems; Irrigation equipment; Hydraulics; Performance; Application; Efficiency 11 NAL Call. No.: 81 C128 Avocado irrigation. Bender, G.S.; Engle, M.M. Saticoy, Calif. : The Society; 1988. California Avocado Society yearbook v. 72: p. 183-191; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: California; Persea Americana; Irrigation systems; Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling 12 NAL Call. No.: 282.8 J82 Bargaining rules for a thin spot water market. Saleth, R.M.; Braden, J.B.; Eheart, J.W. Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press; 1991 Aug. Land economics v. 67 (3): p. 326-339; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Maize; Irrigation water; Markets; Efficiency; Crop yield; Farm size; Watersheds; Right of access; Game theory; Simulation models 13 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Benefits and costs of improving pumping efficiency. Hanson, B.R. Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 Jul. California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment Station v. 42 (4): p. 21-22; 1988 Jul. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation systems; Pumps; Efficiency; Cost benefit analysis; Energy conservation; Performance 14 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34 Benefits of transferring streamflow priority from agricultural to non- agricultural use. Bosch, D.J. Bethesda, Md. : American Water Resources Association; 1991 May. Water resources bulletin v. 27 (3): p. 397-405; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Virginia; River water; Irrigation; Irrigation water; Water reservoirs; Watersheds; Stream flow; Water allocation; Water use efficiency; Yields; Simulation models A bstract: In Virginia, as in many states, priority to streamflow is held by riparian landowners who are predominantly agricultural users. The streamflow may also have a high potential value to nonagricultural users who do not have riparian rights. The potential benefits of transferring streamflow priority rights from agricultural to non-agricultural use were evaluated using simulation for an eastern Virginia watershed. Lowering irrigators' priority to streamflow reduced crop yields and irrigated returns in some years because of inadequate water supplies. However, the transfer of priorities increased the likelihood that the urban reservoir would be able to withdraw water from the stream without interruption. As a result, priority trades reduced the size of reservoir needed to meet a given water requirement by municipal users. The resulting savings in reservoir construction and maintenance costs more than offset the losses to irrigators. Net savings could be achieved even if the reservoir were required to release water periodically to maintain a minimum level of instream flow. The conclusion is that the state should encourage trading of access to streamflow in order to increase the use efficiency of streamflows. Alternative means by which the state can facilitate water exchanges are discussed. 15 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Bermuda grass response to leaching fractions, irrigation salinity, and soil types. Devitt, D.A. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 Nov. Agronomy journal v. 81 (6): p. 893-901; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cynodon dactylon; Water uptake; Saline water; Water reuse; Irrigation water; Root distribution; Sandy loam soils; Silt; Loam soils; Clay soils; Leaching; Water use efficiency Abstract: Reuse of wastewater as an irrigation source for turfgrass is becoming a more viable and appealing option in arid environments where competition for good-quality water is increasing. The objective of this research was to determine the impact that varied leaching fractions, irrigation salinity, and soil types had on root growth and distribution, and fractional water uptake of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Bermudagrass was grown for a 2-yr period in large columns packed with three different soil types (sandy loam, silt loam, and clay). Saline water was synthesized and applied at three different salinity levels (electrical conductivities of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 dS m-1). Irrigations were applied 3 d wk-1 at a rate beyond measured evapotranspiration (ET) to establish three different leaching fractions (0.09, 0.18, and 0.27). The soil salinity (ECe), soil solution chloride (CI-), root density, and volumetric water contents were measured in soil cores taken with depth and time. Dry matter of weekly grass clippings was measured and recorded throughout the 2-yr period. Plant water status was monitored by measuring canopy temperatures and leaf xylem water potentials. Results indicated that bermudagrass was very tolerant to the range of salinity-leaching conditions imposed. However, differences were noted by treatments, with the sandy soil showing as much as a 25% yield decrement at the highest salinity level. Salinity of the irrigation water (EC1), rather than soil salinity (ECe), was more highly correlated with most of the soil-plant-water relationships observed. Root length density was best described by a hyperbolic function. Only limited success was found in correlating root length density with fractional water uptake. In addition, poor correlations were found between soil salinity with depth and fractional water uptake. These findings indicate that the ability to predict water uptake based on root distribution and/or soil salinity would be poor and that great 16 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 C76B Capillary irrigation--an overview. Corbett, E.G. Storrs, Conn. : The Service; 1990 Dec. Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, University of Connecticut : [bulletin] v. 2 (6): p. 5-6; 1990 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: Planting stock; Trickle irrigation; Water conservation; Groundwater pollution 17 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883 Carbon isotope discrimination, water relations, and photosynthesis in tall fescue. Johnson, R.C. Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1993 Jan. Crop science v. 33 (1): p. 169-174; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Washington; Festuca arundinacea; Genotypes; Water use efficiency; Carbon; Isotopes; Water relations; Gas exchange; Photosynthesis; Irrigated conditions Abstract: Carbon isotope discrimination (delta) shows promise for estimating water-use efficiency (WUE) in crop species. Research was undertaken to examine delta and water relations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) accessions and to determine if low delta is associated with high gas exchange WUE as predicted by theory. The accession PI 438522 had lower a than the accession PI 231522 in both a dryland and an irrigated field environment and at two sampling dates. Correlations among delta, water potential, solute potential, and turgor pressure were not significant under irrigation. Under dryland conditions, correlations among these factors were generally significant and positive for PI 49522, but not significant for PI 231561. In a greenhouse experiment, plants selected for low delta from the irrigated field environment had lower delta and internal leaf [CO2] (Ci), and a higher ratio of CO2 assimilation rate (A) to transpiration than high-delta selections. This was true for both well-watered plants and plants stressed with a -0.38 MPa polyethylene glycol solution. Stomatal conductance and A were positively correlated with delta, suggesting that lower stomatal conductance was a factor leading to lower Ci and delta. The results suggest that associations between water relations and delta vary depending on accession and environment, but selecting tall fescue plants for low delta does identify genotypes with low Ci and high WUE. Using delta for germplasm enhancement of WUE in tall fescue appears promising. 18 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Case study on an integrated operation planning of multiple reservoirs for irrigation in Japan. Kakudo, H.; Senga, Y. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 May. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 5 (2): p. 115-128; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Japan; Reservoirs; Operation; Planning; Irrigation water; Drought; Simulation; Water conservation; Water use; Case studies; Equations 19 NAL Call. No.: 55.9 SP8 Centrifugal pump selection considerations. O'Brien, R. Arlington, Va. : The Association; 1988. Technical conference proceedings - Irrigation Association. p. 67-73. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the "Conference on Conserving Energy, Water and Other Resources Through Irrigation," October 25-28, 1987, Orlando, Florida. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation equipment; Hydraulic systems; Centrifugal pumps; Selection criteria; Design criteria; Performance traits; Efficiency 20 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7 Checklist of water conservation strategies. Beard, J.B. Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1988 Apr. Grounds maintenance v. 23 (4): p. IR-6, IR-8, IR-9, IR-18; 1988 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigated conditions; Water conservation 21 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Ab no.608 Chemigation, a technology for the future?. Gollehon, Noel R. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,; 1990; A 1.75:608. 16 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. (Agriculture information bulletin ; no. 608). Caption title. Shipping list no.: 90-453-P. July 1990. Includes bibliographical references (p. 15). Language: English; English Descriptors: Agricultural chemicals; United States; Fertilizer-pesticide mixtures; United States; Application; Fertilizers; Government policy; United States; Irrigation efficiency; United States 22 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Chemigation with LEPA center pivots. New, L.; Knutson, A.; Fipps, G. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 453-458; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Center pivot irrigation; Fertigation; Insecticides; Mite control 23 NAL Call. No.: SB369.I5 1988 Citrus irrigation in Israel--making do with less water. Goell, A. Rehovot, Israel : Balaban; 1988. Citriculture : proceedings of the Sixth International Citrus Congress : Middle-East, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 6-11, 1988 / scientific editors, R. Goren and K. Mendel, editor, N. Goren. p. 699-706; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Israel; Citrus; Orchards; Irrigation; Water conservation; Irrigation scheduling; Water requirements; Technology; Innovation adoption; Water stress 24 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68 A comparative cost analysis of vegetable irrigation systems. Prevatt, J.W.; Clark, G.A.; Stanley, C.D. Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1992 Jan. HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 91-94; 1992 Jan. Proceedings of the Workshop, "Impact of Runoff Water Quality on Future Nursery Crop Production," held at the 87th ASHS Annual Meeting, November 8, 1990, Tucson, Arizona. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Irrigation systems; Subsurface irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Cost analysis; Fixed costs; Variable costs; Sandy soils; High water tables; Water use efficiency; Crop production 25 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82 Comparison of drip and basin irrigation systems in banana orchards on the southern coast of Turkey. Cevik, B.; Kaska, N.; Tekinel, O.; Pekmezci, M.; Yaylali, N.; Paydas, S. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1988 Sep. Acta horticulturae (228): p. 213-218. ill; 1988 Sep. Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Water Supply and Irrigation in the Open and Under Protected Cultivation, August 26-28, 1985, Padova, Italy. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Turkey; Musa; Orchards; Basin irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Water use efficiency; Yield response functions; Fruit; Chemical composition; Crop quality 26 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12 Comparison of subsurface trickle and furrow irrigation on plastic-mulched and bare soil for tomato production. Bogle, C.R.; Hartz, T.K.; Nunez, C. Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1989 Jan. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 114 (1): p. 40-43; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle irrigation; Subsurface irrigation; Furrow irrigation; Plastic mulches; Mulching; Water use efficiency; Crop yield Abstract: Subsurface trickle and furrow irrigation of fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), with or without plastic mulch, were compared for three consecutive growing seasons. Plots were irrigated when available soil water was 40% depleted. Marketable tomato yield was 22% greater for plants grown with trickle irrigation than with furrow irrigation. Use of black plastic mulch resulted in 31% and 16% greater marketable tomato yield in Spring 1983 and 1984, than similar bare-soil (unmulched) treatments, respectively. In Fall 1983, use of white/black (top/bottom) laminated plastic mulch reduced yields by 12% compared to similar unmulched treatments. Total water (irrigation plus precipitation) applied to furrow-irrigated plots nearly equalled pan evaporation (Epan). Trickle-irrigated plots received less than 45% of Epan in all seasons, resulting in increased water-use efficiency with drip irrigation. Trickle irrigation as applied did not affect soluble salts concentration in the soils. 27 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Comparison of surge and cablegation to continuous furrow irrigation. Israeli, I. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-2014): 15 p. ill., maps; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Irrigation systems; Energy conservation; Water conservation 28 NAL Call. No.: 80 G85W Computer irrigation scheduling. Zoldoske, D. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co; 1988 Apr. Western fruit grower v. 108 (4): p. 6-7. ill; 1988 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation scheduling; Computer applications; Water use efficiency; Computer software; Soil moisture; Evapotranspiration 29 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6 Conserving Colorado's Ogallala Aquifer. Peavy, L. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Jul. Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 13 (2): p. 20; 1992 Jul. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Water management; Irrigation; Gypsum blocks; Water conservation; Aquifers 30 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Considerations for sizing water delivery systems. Tod, I.C.; Wallender, W.W.; Henderson, D.W.; Devries, J.J. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990 May. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 4 (2): p. 171-179; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation systems; Design; Irrigation water; Water distribution; Systems; Water requirements; Water use; Efficiency; Farms; Models; Costs 31 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Constant hole spacing trail tubes. Chu, S.T. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 121-126; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Tubes; Water conservation 32 NAL Call. No.: HC55.N3 Constraints to improved energy efficiency in agricultural pumpsets: the case of India. Sadaphal, P.M.; Natarajan, B. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Aug. Natural resources forum v. 16 (3): p. 221-225; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: India; Irrigation equipment; Pumps; Electricity; Energy consumption; Efficiency; Agricultural sector; Constraints 33 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Cotton irrigation management with LEPA systems. Bordovsky, J.P.; Lyle, W.M.; Lascano, R.J.; Upchurch, D.R. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 May. Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (3): p. 879-884; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Irrigation scheduling; Irrigation systems; Soil water; Water use Abstract: Irrigations were applied to short-season cotton at Halfway, Texas, using a LEPA irrigation system at intervals of 2, 4, 8, and 12 days in 1986 and at 3, 6, 9, and 18 days in 1987 and 1988. The four interval treatments were grouped for analysis and referred to as 3D, 5D, 9D, and 15D. Irrigation quantities at each interval were 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 times a base irrigation amount (BI) which equalled estimated cotton evapotranspiration (ET) less rainfall. The DRY treatments received preplant irrigations only. The 3D treatments resulted in higher cotton lint yield and seasonal irrigation water use efficiencies than other irrigation intervals. Root length densities in the 3D treatments were higher than in the 15D treatment at both the 0.4BI and 1.OBI irrigation quantities. Irrigation interval treatments caused small detectable differences in seasonal soil water content at the 0.4BI irrigation level. Average cotton lint yields were reduced as irrigation amounts increased. The 0.4BI and 0.6BI treatment yields were significantly higher than those of the 0.8BI and the 1.OBI quantities. The 3D X 0.4BI treatment produced the highest annual lint yield of 1134 kg/ha from average irrigations totaling 81 mm/yr compared to the 15D X 1.OBI (traditional) treatment which yielded 945 kg/ha from 202 mm/yr of seasonal irrigation. Deficit irrigation of short-season cotton using a LEPA system and a 3D interval can enhance lint yield and conserve groundwater on the Southern High Plains of Texas. 34 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Cotton management strategies for a short growing season environment: water- nitrogen considerations. Morrow, M.R.; Krieg, D.R. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jan. Agronomy journal v. 82 (1): p. 52-56; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Water use efficiency; Water supplies; Dry farming; Irrigated farming; Nitrogen fertilizers; Timing; Nitrogen uptake; Heat sums; Crop yield; Yield components; Boll; Lint; Yield response functions; Interactions Abstract: The Southern High Plains of Texas represents the largest contiguous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production area in the USA. Water supply represents the greatest limitation to production under rainfed conditions. Where supplemental irrigation is used, growing season length represents a major limitation to attainment of high yields of desirable quality fiber and seed. The primary objective of this research project was to determine the inter- relationships between H2O, N, and heat unit supplies as they affect lint yield of cotton. Field experiments were conducted during a 4-yr period at a sandy soil (fine, loamy, mixed, thermic family of Aridic Paleustalf) site. Water supply was varied through irrigation with treatments ranging from dryland to fully irrigated. Superimposed on the water supplies were N rate treatments applied preplant and sidedress in a factorial design. Lint yield (LY) was defined as a function of components including plant density, bolls per plant and average boll size. Regression analysis was used to determine LY response to treatments. Lint yield was most highly correlated with boll number per unit ground area with equal contribution from plant density and bolls per plant. Water supply was most responsible for boll number; however, increasing N supply within each H2O regime resulted in a positive response in boll number per plant. Multiple regression analysis revealed that LY responded to H2O and N supplies during the fruiting period to a greater extent than to preflower supplies. Within any heat unit regime, LY was maximized as water supply increased by maintaining a constant ratio of 0.2 kg N ha-1 mm-1 H2O. 35 NAL Call. No.: TC823.P52 Cotton response to high frequency irrigation. Bordovsky, J.P.; Lyle, W.M. New York, N.Y. : The Society; 1988. Planning now for irrigation and drainage in the 21st century : proc of a conference : Lincoln, Nebraska, July 18-21, 1988 / sponsored by the Irrig and Drain Div of the American Soc of Civil Engineers ; edited by D.R. Hay. p. 297-304; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Crop yield; Irrigation systems; Tests 36 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756 Crop coefficients and water requirements of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Nigerian savannah zone. Abdulmumin, S. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988. Irrigation science v. 9 (3): p. 177-186. maps; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Triticum aestivum; Irrigation; Savannas; Water requirements; Coefficient of determination; Water use efficiency; Projects; Hydraulic systems; Lysimeters 37 NAL Call. No.: SB185.6.C74 1992 Crop production function in relation to irrigation methods, limited water and variability. Bresler, E. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund Bet Dagan, Israel : BARD,; 1992. 123 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Final report. Project no. IS-1309-87. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-116). Language: English Descriptors: Crops and water; Crop yields; Irrigation efficiency 38 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12 Crop-water production functions for sweet corn. Braunworth, W.S. Jr; Mack, H.J. Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1989 Mar. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 114 (2): p. 210-215; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Zea mays; Water requirements; Water use efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Yield components; Yield response functions; Crop yield; Available water capacity; Field capacity; Maximum yield; Irrigated farming; Mathematical models Abstract: Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was irrigated using randomized complete block and line source experimental designs in 1984 and 1985 on a mixed, mesic Cumulic Ultic Haploxeroll soil. Irrigations were scheduled when approximately 50% of the available water was depleted in the root zone of the 100% treatment to refill the zone to 0% to 100% of field capacity (five irrigation levels). Four yield parameters were measured for all plots: yield of all ears before husking, yield of good husked ears, kernel yield (fresh), and total dry matter production of plants and ears. Maximum relative total unhusked ear yield and near-maximum evapotranspiration (ET) were obtained at 85% of maximum water applied, indicating that high yields can be maintained with deficit irrigation. Without irrigation, only 44% of maximum yield was obtained. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE), defined as the total unhusked ear yield in kg.ha-1.mm-1ET, occurred between 407 and 418 mm of ET. The maximum WUE corresponded to approximately 313 mm water applied (WA); maximum yield, however, occurred within the range of 449 to 518 mm WA. Irrigation treatments to achieve maximum WUE were predicted to result in a 10% yield reduction. 39 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3Ps (IR) Design and operation of on-farm irrigation ponds. Mehta, B.K.; Goto, A. New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers, c1983-; 1992 Sep. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 118 (5): p. 659-673; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Thailand; Cabt; Irrigation water; Ponding; Farm storage; Water use efficiency; Diurnal variation; Simulation models 40 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4 Determinants of irrigation technology choice. Negri, D.H.; Brooks, D.H. Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association; 1990 Dec. Western journal of agricultural economics v. 15 (2): p. 213-223; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigated farming; Sprinkler irrigation; Runoff irrigation; Technology; Decision making; Water conservation; Groundwater; Profit functions; Probability analysis; Water costs; Labor costs; Topography; Soil; Characteristics; Climate 41 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Development and testing of a water management model (WATRCOM): field testing. Parsons, J.E.; Doty, C.W.; Skaggs, R.W. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Jul. Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (4): p. 1674-1682; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Drainage; Hydraulics; Water conservation; Water management; Water table; Watersheds; Simulation models Abstract: Water table observations from the 1000 ha watershed of Mitchell Creek near Tarboro, NC, were used to field test the water management model, WATRCOM. Soil properties and channel boundary conditions from three sections of the watershed along with weather data from years 1983 and 1984 were used to simulate the hydrology of the area with and without channel water level control. Six transects containing 27 water table observation wells were selected for testing. All simulations were based on measured field parameters and no calibration simulations were made to optimize parameters to fit observed data. A total of 14,000 daily water table observations were compared with simulated data. The root mean square error in simulated water tables at each well ranged from 0.05 to 0.24 m. When the data were pooled by section, the root mean square error ranged from 0.10 to 0. 17 m. 42 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Drainage efficiency and cracking clay soils. Tod, I.C.; Grismer, M.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-2588): 16 p.; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation; Subsurface drainage; Efficiency; Deep percolation; Soil water movement; Drain pipes; Spacing; Cracking; Clay soils; Numerical analysis 43 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Drip and trickle irrigation for water conservation--January 1987-August 1990. MacLean, J.T. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Nov. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-23): 80 p.; 1990 Nov. Updates QB 89-35. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Trickle irrigation; Water conservation; Water requirements; Bibliographies 44 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.N6G84 Drip irrigation for pecan trees. Hohn, C. Las Cruces, NM : The Service; 1988 Mar. Guide H - New Mexico State University, Cooperative Extension Service (611): 1 p.; 1988 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Trickle irrigation; Water requirements; Efficiency 45 NAL Call. No.: SB245.B42 Drip irrigation: lowering installation costs, increasing yields and improving water-use efficiency. Henggeler, J.C. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council; 1988. Proceedings of the...Beltwide Cotton Production Conference. p. 31-32; 1988. Meeting held January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Trickle irrigation; Installations; Costs; Crop yield; Water use efficiency 46 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Drip-irrigation scheduling for fresh-market tomato production. Hartz, T.K. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1993 Jan. HortScience v. 28 (1): p. 35-37; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Irrigated conditions; Water use efficiency; Crop yield; Fruits; Size Abstract: Drip-irrigation scheduling techniques for fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were compared in three growing seasons (1989-91). Three regimes were evaluated: EPK [reference evapotranspiration (ET, corrected Penman) X programmed crop coefficients], ECC (ET X a crop coefficient based on estimated percent canopy coverage), and SMD (irrigation at 20% available soil moisture depletion). EPK coefficients ranged from 0.2 (crop establishment) to 1.1 (full canopy development). Percent canopy coverage was estimated from average canopy width + row width. Irrigation in the SMD treatment was initiated at -24 kPa soil matric tension, with recharge limited to 80% of daily ET(o). The EPK and ECC regimes gave similar fresh fruit yields and size distributions in all years. With the EPK scheduling technique, there was no difference in crop response between daily irrigation and irrigation three times per week. In all seasons, ECC scheduling resulted in less total water applied than EPK scheduling and averaged 76% of seasonal ET(o) vs. 86% for EPK. Irrigating at 20% SMD required an average of only 64% of seasonal ET(o); marketable yield was equal to the other scheduling techniques in 1989 and 1991, but showed a modest yield reduction in 1990. Using an SMD regime to schedule early season irrigation and an ECC system to guide application from mid-season to harvest may be the most appropriate approach for maximizing water-use efficiency and crop production productivity. 47 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4 A dynamic analysis of water savings from advanced irrigation technology. Hornbaker, R.H.; Mapp, H.P. Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association; 1988 Dec. Western journal of agricultural economics v. 13 (2): p. 307-315; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sorghum; Irrigation scheduling; Technology; Growth models; Recursive programming; Innovation adoption; Sprinkler irrigation; Decision making; Computer simulation; Simulation models 48 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 Early to bed, early to harvest. Cramer, C. Emmaus, Pa. : Regenerative Agriculture Association; 1988 Feb. The New farm v. 10 (2): p. 14-17; 1988 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Zea mays; Glycine max; Minimum tillage systems; Furrow irrigation; Soil and water conservation; Energy conservation 49 NAL Call. No.: aHD1735.C76 Economic and technical adjustments in irrigation due to declining ground water. Crosswhite, William M.; Dickason, Clifford; Pfeiffer, Robert United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Resources and Technology Division Washington : D.C. (1301 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005-4788) : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Resources and Technology Division,; 1990. vi, 35 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. (ERS staff report ; AGES-9018.). Cover title. "February 1990"--p. iii. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-35). Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation; Economic aspects; United States; Water, Underground; United States; Water conservation; United States 50 NAL Call. No.: S1.T49 Economic feasibility of conversion to a lower energy precision application irrigation system in the Texas High Plains. Hutton, J.D.; Segarra, E.; Ervin, R.T.; Graves, J.W. Canyon, Tex. : The Consortium; 1989. Texas journal of agriculture and natural resources : a publication of the Agricultural Consortium of Texas v. 3: p. 11-14; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Center pivot irrigation; Sprinkler irrigation; Economic viability; Returns; Costs; Crop production; Water use efficiency; Crop yield; Feasibility studies 51 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34 Economic impacts of the limited irrigation-dryland (LID) furrow irrigation system. Harman, W.L.; Stewart, B.A.; Musick, J.T.; Dusek, D.A. Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association; 1989 Apr. Water resources bulletin v. 25 (2): p. 367-376; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum; Dry farming; Irrigation systems; Furrow irrigation; Economic impact; Water resource management; Yields; Water use efficiency 52 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Economic incentives for irrigation drainage reduction. Letey, J.; Dinar, A.; Knapp, K.C. Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 May. California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment Station v. 42 (3): p. 12-13; 1988 May. Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Irrigation water; Water management; Drainage water; Water use efficiency; Economic factors; Incentives; Water costs; Price policy; Fees 53 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 AU74 Economic optimisation of sprinkler irrigation considering uncertainty of spatial water distribution. Feinerman, E.; Shani, Y.; Bresler, E. Victoria : Australian Agricultural Economics Society; 1989 Aug. The Australian journal of agricultural economics v. 33 (2): p. 88-107; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Maize; Irrigation water; Sprinkler irrigation; Physical planning; Water use efficiency; Farmers' attitudes; Decision making; Risks; Economic evaluation; Water costs; Production functions; Coefficient of relationship; Stochastic processes; Optimization methods; Econometric models 54 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82 Effect of different irrigation systems on yield of tomatoes grown under plastic greenhouses. Kaniszewski, S.; Dysko, J. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1988 Sep. Acta horticulturae (228): p. 105-107; 1988 Sep. Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Water Supply and Irrigation in the Open and Under Protected Cultivation, August 26-28, 1985, Padova, Italy. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Greenhouse experimentation; Plastic cladding; Irrigation systems; Yield response functions; Water use efficiency 55 NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74 Effect of irrigation intervals on yield and water use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Al-Ghamdi, A.S.; Hussain, G.; Al-Noaim, A.A. Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Oct. Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 5 (4): p. 289-296; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Helianthus annuus; Irrigation scheduling; Crop yield; Water use efficiency 56 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72 Effect of irrigation regimes on the water status, vegetative growth and rubber production of guayule plants. Benzioni, A.; Mills, D.; Forti, M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1989 Apr. Experimental agriculture v. 25 (2): p. 189-197; 1989 Apr. This record corrects ID No. ADL 89050716 which was entered under the wrong journal citation. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Israel; Parthenium argentatum; Irrigation systems; Trickle irrigation; Water use efficiency; Growth; Rubber; Yields; Water stress; Soil water content 57 NAL Call. No.: S596.53.S69 The effect of seeding rate, timing of nitrogen application and frequency of irrigation on wheat growth, yield and water use. Nel, A.A.; Dijkhuis, F.J. Pretoria : Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for Education, Science and Technology; 1990 Aug. South African journal of plant and soil; Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir plant en grond v. 7 (3): p. 163-166; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Seeding; Nitrogen; Fertilizers; Application; Sprinkler irrigation; Growth rate; Plant density; Crop yield; Water use efficiency; Timing 58 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Effect of soil surface treatments of runoff and wheat yields under irrigation. Stern, R.; Van Der Merwe, A.J.; Laker, M.C.; Shainberg, I. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan. Agronomy journal v. 84 (1): p. 114-119; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Irrigation water; Runoff; Infiltration; Clay loam soils; Soil treatment; Polyacrylamide; Phosphogypsum; Surface treatment; Dikes; Soil structure; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Soil water content; Crop yield; Grain; Growth rate Abstract: In arid and semi-arid regions, where soil structure is unstable, surface runoff due to seal formation reduces irrigation water use efficiency. This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of surface treatments in reducing runoff and increasing wheat crop productivity. Surface runoff from wheat plots on a non-sodic, silty clay loam soil (Rhodudalf silty clay loam), sprinkler irrigated with a good quality irrigation water, was collected using flumes and collection boxes. Percentages runoff were 36.1% of the total irrigation during the growing season for the control (Ct), 12.8% for phosphogypsum (PG), 1.4% for polyacrylamide plus PG (PAM), and 1.1% for pitting plus PG (Pt) treatments. The mulching effect of the growing canopy did not reduce runoff during consecutive irrigations as the season progressed. Water content in the profile was correlated with the amount of water that infiltrated into the soil. The crop biomass production in the Pt and PAM treatments was significantly higher than the PG and Ct treatments (8.81 and 7.91 vs. 6.41 and 5.47 Mg ha-1, respectively). The Pt and PAM treatments also gave significantly higher grain yield (3.66 and 3.02 vs. 2.25 and 2.12 Mg ha-1, respectively). The Pt, PAM, and PG treatments resulted in significantly higher irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) than the Ct. The PAM is the least known treatment and is given special attention in this study. In regions where water is scarce and costly, improving the efficiency of irrigation by tillage or soil ameliorants should be considered. 59 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6 The effect of spatial variability of irrigation applications on risk-efficient irrigation strategies. Bernardo, D.J. Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1988 Jul. Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern Agricultural Economics Association v. 20 (1): p. 77-86; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Sorghum; Crop yield; Irrigation scheduling; Risks; Water use efficiency; Application depth; Spacing; Stochastic processes; Simulation models 60 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Effect of supplementary irrigation during reproductive growth on winter and spring chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in a Mediterranean environment. Saxena, M.C.; Silim, S.N.; Singh, K.B. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1990 Jun. The Journal of agricultural science v. 114 (pt.3): p. 285-293; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Syria; Cicer arietinum; Cultivars; Irrigation; Reproductive physiology; Leaf water potential; Water deficit; Water use efficiency; Sowing date; Seed production; Yield increases 61 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756 Effect of tillage and furrow irrigation timing on efficiency of preplant irrigation. Undersander, D.J.; Regier, C. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988. Irrigation science v. 9 (1): p. 57-67; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum bicolor; Plant production; Preplanting treatment; Tillage; Furrow irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency 62 NAL Call. No.: S612.I49 Effect of varying soil moisture regimes on seeds yield, water use and water use efficiency of some Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss) genotypes. Chaudhry, N.; Singh, T.; Singh, H.; Faroda, A.S. Jodhpur : The Society; 1988. Transactions of Indian Society of Desert Technology and University Centre of Desert Studies v. 13: p. 33-40; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Haryana; Brassica juncea; Genotypes; Seed production; Water use efficiency; Yields; Soil moisture; Dry conditions; Irrigated conditions; Water use; Arid zones 63 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Effect of water supply on performance of alfalfa. Jensen, E.H.; Miller, W.W.; Mahannah, C.N.; Read, J.J.; Kimbell, M.K. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Apr. Journal of production agriculture v. 1 (2): p. 152-155; 1988 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Irrigation requirements; Water use efficiency 64 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756 Effects of irrigation regimes on the yield and water use of strawberry. Serrano, L.; Carbonell, X.; Save, R.; Marfa, O.; Penuelas, J. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Irrigation science v. 13 (1): p. 45-48; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Spain; Fragaria ananassa; Crop yield; Fruits; Weight; Soil water potential; Fertigation; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Water deficit; Yield response functions Abstract: Strawberry plants (Fragaria X annanasa D. cv Chandler) were grown in field plots and in drainage lysimeters under controlled soil moisture regimes. Four irrigation treatments were established by watering the plants when soil water potential reached -0.01, -0.03, -0.05 and -0.07 MPa. The maximum yield was attained at -0.01 MPa soil water potential. Differences in yield were caused by both changes in the number of fruits per plant and in the fresh weight per fruit. Yield reductions were associated with reductions in total assimilation rate resulting from the decreased assimilatory surface area in plants irrigated at lower soil water potentials. The crop water production function calculated on a fruit fresh weight basis resulted in a yield response factor (Ky) of 1.01. 65 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Effects of nitrogen source, application timing, and dicyandiamide on furrow-irrigated rice. Hefner, S.G.; Tracy, P.W. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct. Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 536-540; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Missouri; Oryza sativa; Flooded rice; Furrow irrigation; Nitrogen metabolism; Nutrient sources; Urea ammonium nitrate; Urea; Ammonium sulfate; Sulfur coated urea; Application date; Dicyandiamide; Denitrification; Nitrification; Volatilization; Losses from soil systems; Crop yield; Grain; Panicles; Cell differentiation; Tillering; Heading; Plant analysis; Soil analysis; Nutrient content; Nitrate nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen; Soil chemistry; Nutrient deficiencies; Water management; Water conservation 66 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Effects of ozone and water stress on canopy temperature, water use, and water use efficiency of alfalfa. Temple, P.J.; Benoit, L.F. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 May. Agronomy journal v. 80 (3): p. 439-447; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Ozone; Water stress; Canopy; Temperature relations; Water use; Water use efficiency; Irrigation; Soil water deficit; Evapotranspiration; Thermometers 67 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822 The effects of pricing policies on water conservation and drainage. Caswell, M.; Lichtenberg, E.; Zilberman, D. Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1990 Nov. American journal of agricultural economics v. 72 (4): p. 883-890; 1990 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Cotton; Irrigated farming; Trickle irrigation; Drainage; Innovation adoption; Water conservation; Farm management; Farmland; Farm inputs; Water costs; Price policy; Environmental policy; Pollution; Profitability; Simulation models Abstract: A general model of adoption of input-conserving technologies by competitive firms is introduced using drip irrigation as an example. An environmental regulation such as a drainage effluent charge is shown to influence adoption. Early adopters are likely to be producers with less efficient fixed assets (land of low quality or antiquated capital), higher input costs (higher water prices or greater depth to groundwater), and in more environmentally sensitive regions. Simulations show that drainage regulations can be expected to play a major role in adoption of more efficient irrigation technologies in California. Thus, conservation may be a key to solving resource scarcity problems and reducing external environmental costs. 68 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56 Effects of reclaimed wastewater on leaf and soil mineral composition and fruit quality of citrus. Zekri, M.; Koo, R.C.J. S.l. : The Society; 1991 Jun. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State Horticulture Society v. 103: p. 38-41; 1991 Jun. Meeting held December 17-19, 1990, Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Citrus; Irrigation; Waste water; Water conservation; Crop quality; Foliar diagnosis; Mineral nutrition; Soil water 69 NAL Call. No.: 100 OR3M Effects of straw mulch and irrigation rate on soil loss and runoff. Shock, C.; Futter, H.; Perry, R.; Swisher, J.; Hobson, J. Corvallis, Or. : The Station; 1988 Feb. Special report - Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment Station (816): p. 38-47; 1988 Feb. In the series analytic: Potato, onion, and sugar beet research. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Solanum tuberosum; Straw mulches; Soil and water conservation; Furrow irrigation; Operation on slopes; Erosion control; Runoff water 70 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295 Effects of uncertainties on the limits of on-farm improvement in irrigation rehabilitation. Sritharan, S.I.; Clyma, W. Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Oct. Water resources research v. 28 (10): p. 2559-2567; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Egypt; Developing countries; Surface irrigation; Application date; Application depth; Water use efficiency; Water flow; Hydraulics; Water yield Abstract: Procedures for analyzing the effects of uncertainties on the on-farm time of application and applied depth of irrigation have been presented using two parameter-gamma densities for the different variables. The critical coefficient of variation (CV) in delivered farm flow rate beyond which variations in targeted depths cause more deviations in time of application is found to be 0.25. For a typical set of values for on-farm variables, reducing the CV of farm flow below 0.12 does not improve the variance in applied depth for the case of fixed CV values of 0.10 for farm area and time of application. A distribution function for time of application has been derived which will enable the computation of reliable levels of application time. Solving the yield problems considering the application system hydraulics in a deterministic mode does not lead to large errors when the variances in the on-farm variables do not exceed 0.20. Generally, for shorter basins which are common in many countries, higher efficiencies can be achieved. Efficiencies less than 85% begin to occur when the length of the basin exceeds 275 ft (84 m) for typical values of field parameters in soils belonging to the Soil Conservation Service infiltration family of 3.0. 71 NAL Call. No.: 55.9 SP8 Efficiency in irrigation, a key to water conservation. Craw, G. Arlington, Va. : The Association; 1988. Technical conference proceedings - Irrigation Association. p. 150-161. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the "Conference on Conserving Energy, Water and Other Resources Through Irrigation," October 25-28, 1987, Orlando, Florida. Language: English Descriptors: Water conservation; Irrigation systems; Efficiency; Coverage; Distribution; Patterns; Spacing; Pressure; Nozzles 72 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68 Efficiency of fertigation programs for Baltic Ivy and Asiatic lily. Holcomb, E.J.; Gamez, S.; Beattie, D.; Elliott, G.C. Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1992 Jan. HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 43-46; 1992 Jan. Proceedings of the Short Course " Drip Irrigation of Vegetable Crops" held at the 88th ASHS Annual Meeting, July 25, 1991, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Hedera helix; Lilium; Irrigation; Irrigation systems; Growth; Fertigation; Npk fertilizers; Application rates; Nutrient requirements; Water use efficiency; Water conservation; Greenhouse culture 73 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9 Efficient irrigation saves water. Engle, M.M. Fallbrook, Calif. : Rancher Publications; 1988 Aug. California grower v. 12 (8): p. 12-13, 21, 28. ill; 1988 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Efficiency; Evaluation; Water; Distribution; Fruit trees; Water conservation 74 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822 Efficient spatial allocation of irrigation water. Chakravorty, U.; Roumasset, J. Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1991 Feb. American journal of agricultural economics v. 73 (1): p. 165-173; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation water; Water allocation; Spatial variation; Marginal analysis; Water costs; Water use efficiency; Taxes; Location theory; Simulation models; Demand functions Abstract: In the presence of conveyance losses, the efficient quantity of water applied falls with distance from the water source, but the amount of water "sent" (including conveyance losses) actually increases with distance from the source, except toward the tail end of the irrigation system. This implies that if marginal cost pricing were implemented, farmers at the middle and lower reaches of the system would have to pay more money for less water received. The model is illustrated and alternative financing schemes compared for an empirically derived demand function for irrigation water. 75 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Efficient turf water management: a step by step approach. Kah, G. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 77-81; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Language: English Descriptors: California; Lawns and turf; Irrigation systems; Water use efficiency; Cost control 76 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31S (1) Efficient use of water in the garden and landscape. Parsons, J.; Cotner, S.; Roberts, R.; Finch, C.; Welsh, D. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1990 Jun. B - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station v.): 23 p.; 1990 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Irrigation water; Water use efficiency; Landscape; Gardening; Vegetables 77 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4 Energy and agriculture in Utah: responses to water shortages. Keith, J.E.; Martinez Gerstl, G.A.; Snyder, D.L.; Glover, T.F. Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association; 1989 Jul. Western journal of agricultural economics v. 14 (1): p. 85-97. maps; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Utah; Water allocation; Irrigation; Drought; Energy resources; Water use efficiency; Water availability; Probabilistic models; Shadow prices; Energy cost of production 78 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34 Energy budget studies of some multiple cropping patterns of the Central Himalaya. Sharma, S. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Aug. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (3/4): p. 199-206; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: India; Rice; Wheat; Soybeans; Millets; Multiple cropping; Energy consumption; Efficiency; Rain; Irrigated farming; Input output analysis; Crop yield 79 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Ermelo weeping lovegrass response to clipping, fertilization, and watering. Masters, R.A.; Britton, C.M. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Sep. Journal of range management v. 43 (5): p. 461-465; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Eragrostis curvula; Shoot pruning; Plant height; Regrowth; Herbage; Npk fertilizers; Growth rate; Irrigation scheduling; Dry matter accumulation; Crude protein; Crop yield; Crop quality; Water use efficiency; Root systems; Biomass 80 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OR32C Estimating water flow rates. Trimmer, W.L. Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1991 Oct. Extension circular EC - Oregon State University, Extension Service (1369): 3 p.; 1991 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Water flow; Estimation; Statistics; Methodology; Water conservation; Irrigation 81 NAL Call. No.: 26 AG87 Evaluacion del riego por surcos en San Juan de Lagunillas, estado Merida [Evaluation of furrow irrigation in San Juan de Lagunilla, Merida State, Venezuela]. Solorzano, G.I.R. de; Grassi, C.J. Maracay, Venezuela : Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; 1988 Jan. Agronomia tropical v. 38 (1/3): p. 47-72; 1988 Jan. Includes references. Language: Spanish Descriptors: Venezuela; Furrow irrigation; Water management; Water use efficiency 82 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Evaluating the performance of tank irrigation systems. Palanisami, K. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Agricultural systems v. 28 (3): p. 161-177. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Tamil nadu; Tanks; Irrigation systems; Cost benefit analysis; Simulation models; Water use efficiency; Water management 83 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.C2C3 Evaluating turfgrass sprinkler irrigation systems. Schwankl, L.J.; Shaw, D.A.; Harivandi, M.A.; Snyder, R.L. Berkeley, Calif. : The Service; 1992 Sep. Leaflet - University of California, Cooperative Extension Service (21503): 18 p.; 1992 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Sprinkler irrigation; Irrigation systems; Application rates; Irrigation water; Water use efficiency; Evaluation 84 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.A77 Evaluation of a subsurface "pop-up" sprinkler. Miller, W.W.; Mahannah, C.N.; Shane, R.L.; Jensen, E.H.; Finke, W.W. Jr New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1990. Applied agricultural research v. 5 (1): p. 56-62. ill; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nevada; Irrigation equipment; Sprinkler irrigation; Design; Automation; Water use efficiency; Labor costs; Operating costs Abstract: Most agricultural sprinkler irrigated acreage today is under hand- move or motor driven systems. The present trend is toward alternatives that are less labor intensive. Permanent highly automated systems in which all components are deeply buried are attractive because of the low labor use and in the retraction mode the entire system is removed from potential damage during tillage, harvesting, grazing of livestock, or from vandalism. One unique system, AGRI-POP, in which the riser and rotating sprinklers are completely retractable and extensible was recently developed. Initial field experience in this study exposed several design problems. Correcting design flaws resulted in a fully functional system. However, at an investment cost of about $5,601/ha ($2,268/A) greater than the closest solid-set alternative and about $7,000/ha ($2,835/A) greater than the least expensive hand-line system, AGRI-POP presently is not an economically viable alternative for most commercial agricultural applications. Improved economics would result if the system were mass produced and if relative costs of labor increase. In addition, the system could be particularly useful where strict environmental and water management controls are desired. Several unique recreational and horticultural applications are noted. 85 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Evaluation of irrigation systems in the irrigated area of Chanza (Huelva). Rodrigo, J.; Gonzalez, J.F.; Borrachero, L.M. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 6 (1): p. 37-53; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Spain; Irrigation systems; Irrigated farming; Trickle irrigation; Fragaria ananassa; Performance appraisals; Surveys; Farms; Water use efficiency; Crop yield; Problem analysis; Problem solving 86 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Evaluation of LEPA on center pivot machines. Buchleiter, G.W. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 720-724; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Center pivot irrigation; Energy conservation; Water management 87 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72 Evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, moisture extraction pattern and plant water relations of rape (Brassica campestris) genotypes in relation to root development under varying irrigation schedules. Raja, V.; Bishnoi, K.C. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1990 Apr. Experimental agriculture v. 26 (2): p. 227-233; 1990 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Haryana; Brassica campestris; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation scheduling; Plant development; Plant water relations; Rooting; Water uptake; Water use efficiency 88 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Evapotransportation, crop coefficients, and leaching fractions of irrigated desert turfgrass systems. Devitt, D.A.; Morris, R.L.; Bowman, D.C. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul. Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 717-723; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nevada; Cynodon dactylon; Lolium perenne; Lawns and turf; Irrigation scheduling; Arid climate; Irrigated conditions; Evapotranspiration; Leaching; Soil water content; Soil water balance; Water conservation; Water management Abstract: Reducing irrigation volumes on turfgrass in an arid environment requires close attention to environmental demand. The objective of this research was to quantify the water balances of three turfgrass sites controlled by an evapotranspiration (ET) feedback system and local management. Additional objectives included calculating leaching fractions (LF), crop coefficients (Kc), water savings, and quantifying the variability in potential evapotranspiration (ETo). A 2-yr study was conducted on three turfgrass sites in southern Nevada growing common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Two vacuum-drained lysimeters and one automated weather station were placed at each location. One lysimeter was irrigated by input from an ET feedback system while the other was left to local management. The daily Penman combination equation was used to calculate ETo. Hydrologic water balances were maintained on each lysimeter on a weekly basis. A neutron probe was used to measure changes in soil water content in the lysimeters. Actual ET (ETa.) varied according to management, with the two golf courses having an average ETa 29% higher than the park site. Differences in ETa between the park site and golf course sites were attributed to cultural management, in particular fertilizer input. Crop coefficients varied on a monthly basis and between high management vs low management turf. A 4 to 6% error was observed in estimating ETo among the three sites. 89 NAL Call. No.: QK938.D4P73 Experience in developing arid lands of Saudi Arabia. Skaini, M. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1988. Problems of desert development (4): p. 57-61; 1988. Translated from Problemy Osvoeniya Pustyn, (4), 1988, p. 57-61. (QK938.D4P7). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Arid lands; Land development; Irrigation; Saline water; Runoff water; Wells; Agricultural development; Water use efficiency; Program evaluation; Water resource management 90 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Te no.1765 Factor demand in irrigated agriculture under conditions of restricted water supplies. Bernardo, Daniel J.; Whittlesey, Norman K. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,; 1989. iv, 13 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Technical bulletin (United States. Dept. of Agriculture) ; no. 1765.). Cover title. "July 1989."--P. iii. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Northwest, Pacific; Irrigation scheduling; Northwest, Pacific; Irrigation farming; Economic aspects; Northwest, Pacific 91 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Farm-level and district efforts to improve water management during drought. Wichelns, D.; Cone, D. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 6 (3): p. 189-199; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Drought; Irrigation scheduling; Water distribution; Water use efficiency 92 NAL Call. No.: TD201.I56 Feasibility of irrigation canal linings in Bangladesh. Mandal, M.A.S.; Dutta, S.C.; Khair, A.; Biswas, M.R. Surrey : Butterworth Scientific Ltd; 1988 Sep. International journal of water resources development v. 4 (3): p. 169-175; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bangladesh; Canals; Linings; Irrigation; Water conservation; Cost benefit analysis 93 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.N6G84 Flood irrigation for pecan trees. Hohn, C. Las Cruces, NM : The Service; 1988 Mar. Guide H - New Mexico State University, Cooperative Extension Service (610): 1 p.; 1988 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: New Mexico; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Flood irrigation; Efficiency 94 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Furrow torpedoes improve irrigation water advance. Schwanki, L.J.; Hanson, B.R.; Panoras, A. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1992 Nov. California agriculture v. 46 (6): p. 15-17; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Furrow irrigation; Infiltration; Water advance; Drainage water; Water conservation 95 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Furrow traffic and ripping for control of irrigation intake. Allen, R.R.; Musick, J.T. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Mar. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (2): p. 243-248; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sorghum; Water conservation; Irrigation water; Irrigation requirements; Soil management; Furrows; Soil compaction; Infiltration; Permeability; Ripping; Clay loam soils Abstract: Graded furrow applications of 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8 in.), which often exceed profile storage capacity, are common in the Southern High Plains for the first irrigation after primary tillage. This study evaluated furrow compaction by wheel traffic as a potentially low cost method of reducing excessive intake and conserving irrigation water. A two-year field study was conducted with irrigated grain sorghum on a slowly permeable Pullman clay loam (Torrertic Paleustoll). The objective was to determine the effects of furrow compaction by controlled wheel traffic on irrigation intake during the preplant irrigation following primary tillage. In addition, the effects of furrow ripping, before the second irrigation, were compared with the non-traffic control furrows as a means of restoring normal late-season intake. On relatively wide 1.5 m (5 ft) spaced furrows with a 0.15% slope, one traffic pass with a 6000 kg (13,200 lb) tractor increased average bulk density from 1.1 to 1.27 Mg/m3 at the 50 mm (2 in.) depth. Furrow traffic reduced irrigation water advance time up to 45% to reach 400 m (1320 ft), and reduced total intake by about 17% during the first irrigation after tillage. Ripping traffic furrows before the second irrigation increased growing season irrigation intake by 10% compared with the non-traffic furrows. Controlled furrow traffic reduced average growing season irrigation water intake by 12%. Furrow traffic and furrow ripping treatments did not significantly affect grain sorghum yield. 96 NAL Call. No.: TC903.F88 Future directions for Indian irrigation research and policy issues. Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Svendsen, Mark, International Food Policy Research Institute Washington, D.C. : International Food Policy Research Institute,; 1991. xiv, 333 p. : ill., maps ; 23 cm. January 1991. Includes bibliographical references (p. [313-331). Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation; Irrigation efficiency; Water, Underground 97 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9 A global view. Engle, M. Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation; 1992 Nov. California grower v. 16 (11): p. 34; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation; Water management; Agricultural production; Drought; Conferences; Water conservation; International cooperation 98 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84 Grasp at straws, irrigators are advised. Corliss, J. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Aug. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service v. 39 (8): p. 25; 1991 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: Furrow irrigation; Straw; Erosion; Erosion control; Water conservation 99 NAL Call. No.: SB475.83.K687 Gray water use in the landscape how to use gray water to save your landscape during droughts ; illustrations, design, & layout by Heidi Schmidt. Kourik, Robert; Schmidt, Heidi Santa Rosa, CA : Metamorphic Press,; 1988. 27 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Language: English; English Descriptors: Landscape architecture in water conservation; California; Water conservation; California; Landscape 100 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4 Growing greenhouse crops with zero run-off technology. Weiler, T.C. Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1993 Aug. Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange County. p. 16; 1993 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: Greenhouse culture; Irrigation; Irrigation systems; Water conservation 101 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Growth and yield of rice cultivars under sprinkler irrigation in south-eastern Queensland. 1. Effects of sowing time. Fukai, S.; Inthapan, P. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (2): p. 237-242; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Oryza sativa; Cultivars; Yields; Growth; Sprinkler irrigation; Sowing date; Water use efficiency 102 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756 Growth and yield of soybeans under wet soil culture and conventional furrow irrigation in south-eastern Australia. Wright, G.C.; Smith, C.J.; Wilson, I.B. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988. Irrigation science v. 9 (2): p. 127-142; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Victoria; Glycine max; Cultivars; Plant production; Cultural methods; Furrow irrigation; Plant water relations; Water uptake; Water use efficiency; Plant development; Growth habit; Yield factors 103 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Growth, water-use efficiency, and digestibility of crested, intermediate, and western wheatgrass. Frank, A.B.; Karn, J.F. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Jul. Agronomy journal v. 80 (4): p. 677-680; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Agropyron; Growth rate; Water use efficiency; Leaves; Stems; Digestibility; Quality 104 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32 Guayule biomass production under irrigation. Nakayama, F.S.; Bucks, D.A.; Roth, R.L.; Gardner, B.R. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1991. Bioresource technology v. 35 (2): p. 173-178; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Parthenium argentatum; Irrigated conditions; Biomass production; Rubber; Resins; Yields; Nitrogen fertilizers; Yield response functions; Evapotranspiration; Water use efficiency; Water requirements 105 NAL Call. No.: SB387.V572 A guide to irrigating the Florida grape with micro irrigation. Surrowitz, S.D. Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida A&M University, Center for Viticultural Science and Small Farm; 1991. Proceedings of the Florida Grape Conference. p. 1-6; 1991. Meeting held October 25-26, 1991, Ocala, Florida. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Irrigation systems; Application methods; Application rates; Frequency; Pressure; Water conservation; Energy conservation 106 NAL Call. No.: SB299.J6J6 Historic 4-year test shows jojoba response to water. Lucas, K. Phoenix, Ariz. : Jojoba Growers Association; 1989 Mar. Jojoba happenings v. 17 (2): p. 1, 3. ill; 1989 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Simmondsia chinensis; Water use efficiency; Water harvesting; Soil moisture; Catchment planning; Frost; Growth 107 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9 How efficient is your irrigation?. Haynes, M. Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation; 1993 May. California grower v. 17 (5): p. 25-26; 1993 May. Language: English Descriptors: California; Orchards; Irrigation systems; Water use efficiency; Maintenance 108 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG How to reduce water use and maximize yields in greenhouse roses. Tjosvold, S.A.; Schulbach, K.F. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 May. California agriculture v. 45 (3): p. 31-32; 1991 May. Third article in issue's 'Surviving the drought' series. Language: English Descriptors: Rosa; Irrigation scheduling; Water conservation; Yields; Evaporation 109 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68 Impact of microirrigation on Florida horticulture. Hochmuth, G.J.; Locascio, S.J.; Crocker, T.E.; Stanley, C.D.; Clark, G.A.; Parsons, L.R. Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science, c1991-; 1993 Apr. HortTechnology v. 3 (2): p. 223-229; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Citrus; Ornamental plants; Vegetables; Fruit crops; Horticultural crops; Microirrigation; Water conservation 110 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Implementing CIMIS at the farm level: a grower's experience in walnuts. Fulton, A.E.; Beede, R.H.; Phene, R.C. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 Sep. California agriculture v. 45 (5): p. 38-40; 1991 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: California; Water requirements; Water conservation; Irrigation; Crop production; Profits; Yields 111 NAL Call. No.: 80 P382 The importance of reducing water use and runoff. Grumbine, A. Ambler, Pa. : Pennsylvania Flower Growers; 1990 Mar. Bulletin - Pennsylvania flower growers (398): p. 3-4; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Water pollution; Irrigation water; Water use; Leaching; Runoff; Pollution by agriculture; Water conservation 112 NAL Call. No.: 80 G85W Improve water penetration. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co; 1988 Apr. Western fruit grower v. 108 (4): p. 36A-36B. ill; 1988 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: California; Prunus amygdalus; Plant production; Cultural methods; Irrigation; Irrigated conditions; Soil compaction; Water use efficiency; Discing; Water absorption 113 NAL Call. No.: TD428.A37T695 1989 An increasing block-rate pricing program to motivate water conservation and drain water reduction. Wichelns, D.; Cone, D. Denver, Colo. : U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage; 1989. Toxic substances in agricultural water supply and drainage : an int environ perspective : papers from the Second Pan-American Regional Conf of the Int Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Ottawa, Canada, June 8-9, 1989. p. 137-147; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Subsurface drainage; Drainage water; Water pollution; Pollution by agriculture; Salt; Selenium; Concentration; Water conservation; Irrigation; Water; Prices; Irrigation requirements; Crops 114 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34 An index for measuring the performance of irrigation management systems with an application. Seckler, D.; Sampath, R.K.; Raheja, S.K. Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association; 1988 Aug. Water resources bulletin v. 24 (4): p. 855-860; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: India; Water management; Irrigation systems; Performance; Efficiency; Evaluation; Measurement; Performance indexes; Management by objectives 115 NAL Call. No.: 80 J825 Influence of daily intermittent drip irrigation on avocado (cv. Fuerte) fruit yield and trunk growth. Adato, I.; Levinson, B. Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd; 1988 Oct. The Journal of horticultural science v. 63 (4): p. 675-685; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Israel; Persea Americana; Fruit; Yields; Trunks; Growth; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Yield response functions; Evaporation; Water use efficiency; Water balance 116 NAL Call. No.: SB218.J67 Influence of seasonal irrigation amount on sugarbeet yield and quality. Winter, S.R. Fort Collins, Colo. : American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists, Office of the Secretary; 1988. Journal of sugar beet research v. 25 (1): p. 1-10; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Beta vulgaris; Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Seasonal variation; Water use efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Soil water content; Nitrogen fertilizers; Clay loam soils; Crop yield; Roots; Plant composition; Chemical composition; Sucrose; Purity; Crop quality; Sugar extraction quality; Molasses 117 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Innovative irrigation techniques in nursery production to reduce water usage. Kabashima, J.N. Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural Science; 1993 Apr. HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 28 (4): p. 291-293; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at the colloquium "Politics of water use and its effects on water research of horticultural crops," held at the 87th ASHS Annual Meeting, Nov. 8, 1990, Tucson, Arizona. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Cabt; Nurseries; Crop production; Irrigation; Techniques; Innovations; Water use; Water conservation; Case studies 118 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N47M Investment in water saving technology on horticultural farms. Mallawaarachchi, T.; Hall, N.; Phillips, B. Armidale : Australian Agricultural Economics Society, Inc; 1992 Aug. Review of marketing and agricultural economics v. 60 (2,pt.1): p. 191-204; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Citrus; Grapes; Crop enterprises; Irrigated farming; Investment; Water conservation; Technology 119 NAL Call. No.: 100 UT1F Irrigate to conserve water. Logan, Utah : The Station; 1990. Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station v. 50 (4): p. 154-155. ill; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation scheduling; Irrigation water; Water conservation; Guidelines 120 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Irrigation and plant spacing effects on seed production of buffalo and coyote gourds. Nelson, J.M.; Scheerens, J.C.; McGriff, T.L.; Gathman, A.C. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Jan. Agronomy journal v. 80 (1): p. 60-65; 1988 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cucurbita foetidissima; Cucurbita; Oilseeds; Seed production; Row spacing; Irrigation requirements; Water use efficiency; Xerophytes; Crop yield; Yield response functions Abstract: Buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima HBK) and coyote gourd (Cucurbita digitata Gray) are xerophytic perennial cucurbits with potential as oilseed or starch crops for arid and semiarid lands. This study investigated irrigation and plant spacing effects on growth, water requirements, and oilseed production of these species. Irrigation of first-season buffalo gourds planted in 1981 at a 610-m elevation site on Pima clay loam [fine-silty, mixed (calcareous) thermic typic Torrifluvent], and irrigation and plant spacing were evaluated on first-season buffalo and coyote gourds at a 360-m site in 1983 on Casa Grande sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Natrargid) and Trix clay-clay loam [fine-loamy, mixed (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent], respectively. Irrigation and plant spacing were evaluated on second-season buffalo gourds planted in 1983. Irrigation did not affect first- season buffalo gourd yields. Second-season yields were reduced by irrigating when the available soil water was 75% depleted (I2) compared to irrigating when soil water was 50% depleted (I1). Coyote gourd yields were reduced by the I2 treatment in 1983 but not in 1984. Consumptive water use for first season buffalo gourds in the I1 treatment at the 610- and 360-m sites was 870 and 645 mm, respectively. Consumptive water use was similar for coyote and buffalo gourds at the 360-m site. In the first season, these species derived up to 50% of water used from the top 0.4 m of soil, and extracted water to a depth of at least 2.6 m. Irrigation did not affect water-use efficiency (WUE) of either species. Buffalo gourds had higher WUE in the second season (0.09 kg seed m.3 water) than the first season (0.04 kg m.3). Plant spacings of 0.25 to 2 m in 1- m spaced rows had no effect on first-season yield in 1983 but in 1984 a quadratic relationship indicated that the closest and widest spacings reduced yields. Coyote gourd cosistently out-yielded buffalo gourd at the 360-m site. Although 121 NAL Call. No.: SB435.5.A645 Irrigation benefits from new technology. Hartin, J.; Pittenger, D. Van Nuys, Calif. : Gold Trade Publications; 1992 Jun. Arbor age v. 12 (6): p. 27-28; 1992 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: Trees; Irrigation; Landscape gardening; Urban areas; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency 122 NAL Call. No.: S671.A38 Irrigation costs for tomato production in Florida. Pitts, D.J.; Smajstrla, A.G.; Haman, D.Z.; Clark, G.A. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1990. Agricultural engineering fact sheet - Florida Cooperative Extension Service (74): 4 p.; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Lycopersicon esculentum; Irrigation; Costs; Water use efficiency; Irrigation systems; Subsurface irrigation; Irrigation channels; Trickle irrigation; Cost benefit analysis 123 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Irrigation effects on water use, and production of tap roots and starch of buffalo gourd. Nelson, J.M.; Scheerens, J.C.; Bucks, D.A.; Berry, J.W. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 May. Agronomy journal v. 81 (3): p. 439-442; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Cucurbita foetidissima; Starch crops; Root crops; Water use efficiency; Semiarid climates; Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Water stress; Crop yield; Crop quality; Starch; Root systems; Growth rate Abstract: The buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima HBK) is a possible new root starch crop for semiarid regions. Information on water use relationships of this species is needed to determine its suitability for arid lands agriculture. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of water management on buffalo gourd tap root production and water use. Five irrigation levels were evaluated for an annual buffalo gourd crop in 1985 and 1986 at a 360-m elevation field site on Casa Grande sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Natrargid) using plant populations of 400 000 to 450 000 plants ha-1. Irrigating at 50% available soil water (ASW) content (I1) gave higher fresh tap root yields than irrigating at 75% ASW (I2) (27.8 vs. 24.1 Mg ha-1) in 1985 with identical starch yields. In 1986 the I2 treatment was higher than the I1 treatment in starch yield (3.1 vs. 2.1 Mg ha-1) and tap root starch concentration (47.5 vs. 38.1%). Vines of water stressed plants (I2) grew rapidly when irrigated. Consumptive water use was 649 and 487 mm in I1 and I2, respectively. Peak consumptive use rates were less than 6.5 mm d-1. As much as 48% of seasonal water use was from the 0 to 0.4 m soil depth. Water was extracted to a depth of 2.6m. The I2 treatment had the highest water-use efficiency (WUE), 4.9 kg m-3, for fresh root production. The WUE for starch production was higher for the I2 treatment (0.62KG m-3) than the I1 treatment (0.42 kg m-3). Irrigation scheduling to provide moderate stress reduces buffalo gourd water use without reducing starch yield, increasing its potential as a semiarid starch crop. 124 NAL Call. No.: aS619.E34A9 Irrigation efficiency and regional subsurface drain flow on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley final report on contract B56488. Ayars, James E.; Schrale, Gerrit California, Office of Water Conservation, Panoche Water and Drainage District (Calif.),Water Management Research Laboratory (U.S.) Fresno, CA : Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, [1990?]; 1990. ix, 120 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-119). Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Subsurface drainage; Water, Underground 125 NAL Call. No.: 100 UT1F Irrigation for highest profits. Logan, Utah : The Station; 1990. Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station v. 50 (4): p. 171-172; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Utah; Irrigation scheduling; Irrigation water; Water conservation; Cost benefit analysis; Yield response functions; Medicago sativa 126 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (IR) Irrigation in Midwest: lessons from Illinois. Bowman, J.A.; Simmons, F.W.; Kimpel, B.C. New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1991 Sep. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 117 (5): p. 700-715; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Irrigation; Irrigation water; Water use; Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Zea mays; Glycine max; Evapotranspiration; Rhizosphere; Field capacity; Soil types; Climatic factors 127 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Irrigation management of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill] in a semi-arid tropical environment. II. Effect of irrigation frequency on soil and plant water status and crop water use. Garside, A.L.; Lawn, R.J.; Muchow, R.C.; Byth, D.E. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (5): p. 1019-1032; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Glycine max; Irrigation; Frequency; Plant water relations; Semiarid zones; Soil water; Tropics; Water use efficiency 128 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Irrigation management service's role in improving irrigation water use in Arizona. Haynes, C.A.; Ekholt, B.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 61-63; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Irrigation; Water management; Water use efficiency 129 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62 Irrigation management strategies to improve water- & energy-use efficiencies. Evans, R.O.; Sneed, R.E.; Hunt, J.H. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University (452-5): 8 p.; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Irrigation systems; Efficiency; Statistics; Water management; Water conservation; Energy conservation 130 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756 Irrigation of seed carrots on a sandy loam soil. Ayars, J.E.; Hutmacher, R.B.; Steiner, J.J.; Mantel, A.B.; Vail, S.S. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1991. Irrigation science v. 12 (4): p. 193-198; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Daucus carota; Seed production; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Water requirements; Water use; Soil water content; Crop yield; Seeds; Water use efficiency Abstract: Little research has been reported which quantifies the response of a carrot (Daucus carrota L. var sativa DC.) seed crop to water management. While the area of seed production of this crop in the United States is less than 3 000 ha, the return ranges from US $2 000 to $10 000 ha-1. Because of the need to mature and dry the seed on the plant, carrot seed is generally grown in areas with negligible summer rain and thus depends on irrigation to supply the crop water requirement. A study was conducted to determine the effect of irrigation water management on seed production and crop water use of carrots grown by the root-to-seed method. Two carrot types (Nantes and Imperator) were evaluated in 9 irrigation treatments over a three year study period. Irrigation treatments which replaced a percentage of the calculated crop evapotranspiration on either a daily basis or when a soil water depletion reached 30 mm were used. A trickle irrigation system with the laterals placed on the carrot bed was used to apply a uniform and accurate amount of water. There was a marked difference in the crop response to the water management of the two carrot types used. The Nantes type exhibited a positive response to moderate water deficits in terms of improved pure live seed (PLS) yield while the Imperator achieved its maximum yield when it was not stressed. Higher irrigation applications in the Nantes type resulted in reduced yields while the Imperator was not affected after its non-stress water requirement was met. Soil water data indicated that the most active zone of extraction of water was to a depth of 1.5 m in the soil profile. As the depth of applied water approached the crop water requirement, the depth of extraction was reduced. Increasing the frequency of irrigation also tended to reduce the depth of extraction of soil water. A total crop water use of approximately 550 to 620 mm was needed to achieve the best PLS yield which is roughly equal to potential evapotranspiration in th 131 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Irrigation policy by non-agriculturalists. Moore, R.E.; Downing, J.D. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 322-329; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; California; Irrigation; Land ownership; Water conservation 132 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31M Irrigation pumping plant efficiences--High Plains and Trans-Pecos areas of Texas. New, L.; Schneider, A.D. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1988 Mar. Miscellaneous publication MP - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (1643): 6 p.; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Irrigation equipment; Thermal efficiency; Energy requirements; Pumps 133 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Irrigation pumpset efficiency in developing countries: field measurements in Pakistan. Reinemann, D.J.; Khalid, M.; Kah, G.F.; Saqib, G.S. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1985-; 1993 Jan. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 9 (1): p. 141-145; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pakistan; Cabt; Irrigation systems; Pumps; Efficiency; Energy consumption Abstract: The mechanical efficiency of 132 privately owned irrigation pumpsets in Pakistan was measured The average overall efficiency was 54 and 48% of the Nebraska Pumping Plant Performance Criteria (NPPPC) for electric and diesel powered centrifugal pumpsets, respectively. Forty-four pumpsets were improved using local technology. This article presents details and results of this project. 134 NAL Call. No.: S619.S33I77 1989 Irrigation scheduling a guide for efficient on-farm water management. Goldhamer, David Alan; Snyder, Richard L. University of California (System), Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Oakland : Calif. : University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources,; 1989. iv, 67 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. (Publication (University of California (System). Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources) ; 21454.). Includes bibliographical references. (p. 65-67). Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation water; Irrigation efficiency; Irrigation scheduling 135 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Irrigation scheduling of rice with a crop growth simulation model. Rao, N.H.; Rees, D.H. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992. Agricultural systems v. 39 (2): p. 115-132; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sri lanka; Oryza sativa; Irrigation scheduling; Growth models; Simulation models; Crop production; Rain; Utilization; Water conservation; Water supply; Seasonal variation; Soil water balance; Crop yield; Validity; Double cropping; Wet season; Dry season 136 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68 Irrigation scheduling programs for cabbage and zucchini squash. Ells, J.E.; McSay, A.E.; Kruse, E.G. Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science, c1991-; 1993 Oct. HortTechnology v. 3 (4): p. 448-453; 1993 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cucurbita pepo; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Computer software; Computer analysis 137 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62 Irrigation scheduling to improve water- and energy-use efficiencies. Evans, R.O.; Sneed, R.E.; Cassel, D.K. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University (452-4): 10 p.; 1991 Jun. In subseries: Water & Energy Efficiency in Irrigation. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Irrigation scheduling; Energy conservation; Water conservation; Soil water content; Plant effects; Rain; Tensiometers 138 NAL Call. No.: SB469.G76 Irrigation: strategies to minimize water use. Burger, D.W. Novato, CA : Cooperative Extension; 1992 Aug. Growing points - University of California Cooperative Extension v. 29 (1): p. 2-3; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation; Water conservation; Irrigation systems 139 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1373 Irrigation the key to effective water management.. Key to effective water management No water... no future Irrigation Association Arlington, Va. : The Association ; Fairfax, Va. : Media Communications Corp., [1988?]; 1988. 1 videocassette (16 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Title from cassette label. Title on container: No water... no future. 3M0490. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation; Water conservation Abstract: Provides a basic understanding of the vital role irrigation plays in our lives. Teaches how to use new technologies to aid us in utilizing water conservatively. 140 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (IR) Irrigation uniformity relationships for irrigation system management. Clemmens, A.J. New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1991 Sep. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 117 (5): p. 682-699; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Surface irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Sprinkler irrigation; Irrigation water; Application to land; Infiltration; Depth; Irrigation requirements; Water use efficiency; Decision making; Distribution; Variance 141 NAL Call. No.: 81 C1293 Irrigation uniformity saves water. Engle, M.M. San Francisco, Calif. : Pacific Horticultural Foundation; 1988. Pacific horticulture v. 49 (3): p. 19-21. ill; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Water conservation; Irrigation systems 142 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Irrigation water management for guar seed production. Alexander, W.L.; Bucks, D.A.; Backhaus, R.A. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 May. Agronomy journal v. 80 (3): p. 447-453; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; Irrigation water; Water management; Seed production; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Cultivars; Sandy loam soils; Evapotranspiration; Plant density; Crop yield 143 NAL Call. No.: HC59.7.A1W6 Issues in irrigation pricing in developing countries. Sampath, R.K. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press, Inc; 1992 Jul. World development v. 20 (7): p. 967-977; 1992 Jul. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Developing countries; Asia; Irrigation water; Water costs; Use efficiency; Recovery; Cost analysis; Marginal analysis; Development projects; Government; Role perception 144 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31S (1) Landscape water conservation--Xeriscape. Welsh, D.F.; Welch, W.C.; Duble, R.L. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1990 Aug. B - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station v.): 12 p.; 1990 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Landscape gardening; Irrigation; Water conservation 145 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31S (1) LEPA conversion and management. New, L.; Fipps, G. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1990 Oct. B - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (1691): 8 p.; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Center pivot irrigation; Irrigation equipment 146 NAL Call. No.: KF27.I5474 1988c Lining the All-American Canal oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session ... hearing held in Washington, DC, February 23, 1988.. Lining the All American Canal United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1989; Y 4.In 8/14:100-55. vii, 370 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-55. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation canals and flumes; United States; Linings; Water conservation; United States 147 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Long Island vegetable production: research and implementation programs to reduce water usage. Wilcox, D. Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural Science; 1993 Apr. HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 28 (4): p. 293-294; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at the colloquium "Politics of water use and its effects on water research of horticultural crops," held at the 87th ASHS Annual Meeting, Nov. 8, 1990, Tucson, Arizona. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Cabt; Vegetables; Crop production; Water use efficiency; Irrigation water; Water conservation; Irrigation scheduling; Trickle irrigation 148 NAL Call. No.: S1.T49 Low energy precision application irrigation for cotton production in the Texas Southern High Plains. Hill, K.; Segarra, E.; Ervin, R.T.; Lyle, W.M. Canyon, Tex. : The Consortium; 1990. Texas journal of agriculture and natural resources : a publication of the Agricultural Consortium of Texas v. 4: p. 40-42; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Irrigation systems; Water use efficiency; Energy conservation; Water management; Sprinkler irrigation; Water conservation; Labor costs; Maintenance; Cost benefit analysis 149 NAL Call. No.: SB245.B42 Low energy precision application (LEPA) and multifunction irrigation systems. Lyle, W.M. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council; 1988. Proceedings of the...Beltwide Cotton Production Conference. p. 32-36; 1988. Meeting held January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Gossypium; Irrigation systems; Sprinkler irrigation; Application methods; Accuracy; Crop yield; Pesticide application 150 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Low volume spring developments. Northup, B.K.; Goerend, D.T.; Hays, D.M.; Nicholson, R.A. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1989 Feb. Rangelands v. 11 (1): p. 39-41. ill; 1989 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Livestock; Rangelands; Range management; Water troughs; Appropriate technology; Water use efficiency; Cost analysis 151 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84 Lower water pressure, less water waste. Comis, D. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 May. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service v. 40 (5): p. 23; 1992 May. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Irrigation systems; Lysimeters; Nozzles; Calibration; Water conservation 152 NAL Call. No.: S451.P4P45 Make every drop count. Pruyne, R. University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University; 1992. PennState agriculture. p. 14-19; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: Greenhouses; Irrigation systems; Water use; Water conservation 153 NAL Call. No.: HC59.7.A1W6 The management of irrigation systems: How to evoke trust and avoid prisoners' dilemma. Wade, R. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1988 Apr. World development v. 16 (4): p. 489-500; 1988 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: India; East asia; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Farmers' attitudes; Authority; Law enforcement; Climatic factors; Canals 154 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Management strategies for maximum cotton production on the southern High Plains of Texas. III. Water use and water use efficiency considerations. Gertsis, A.C.; Krieg, D.R.; Hatfield, J.L. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council and The Cotton Foundation; 1988. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences. p. 73-75; 1988. Conference held on January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Loam soils; Sandy soils; Clay soils; Gossypium; Row spacing; Irrigated conditions; Water use efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Crop yield; Lint; Simulation models 155 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Management strategies for maximum cotton production on the southern High Plains of Texas. IV. Canopy gas exchange. Peng, S.; Krieg, D.R.; Gertsis, A.C.; Hopkins, H.J.; Hatfield, J.L. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council and The Cotton Foundation; 1988. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences. p. 76-77; 1988. Conference held on January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Clay soils; Loam soils; Gossypium; Canopy; Gas exchange; Photosynthesis; Irrigated conditions; Water use efficiency; Row spacing; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation scheduling 156 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Managing the water balance of The Fayoum Depression, Egypt. Wolters, W.; Ghobrial, N.S.; Leeuwen, H.M. van; Bos, M.G. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1989. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 3 (2): p. 103-123. maps; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Egypt; Irrigated sites; Irrigation systems; Water balance; Irrigation water; Water use efficiency; Lakes; Water management 157 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6 A microcomputer model for irrigation system evaluation. Williams, J.R.; Buller, O.H.; Dvorak, G.J.; Manges, H.L. Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1988 Jul. Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern Agricultural Economics Association v. 20 (1): p. 145-151; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigation systems; Computer software; Water use efficiency; Microcomputers; Operating costs; Pumps; Water table 158 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P The Missouri extension approach to irrigation scheduling. Pfost, D.L.; Thompson, A.L.; Honeycutt, S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-7015): 11 p.; 1990. Paper presented at The 1990 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, June 24-27, 1990, Columbus Ohio. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Missouri; Irrigation; Water conservation 159 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6 Mobile labs help farmers conserve water. Greenberg, A. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Jul. Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 13 (2): p. 9-10; 1992 Jul. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Irrigation; Irrigation water; Water conservation; Water use efficiency; Improvement; Crop production 160 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68 Monitoring irrigation at container nurseries. Fare, D.C.; Gilliam, C.H.; Keever, G.J. Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1992 Jan. HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 75-78; 1992 Jan. Proceedings of the Short Course " Drip Irrigation of Vegetable Crops" held at the 88th ASHS Annual Meeting, July 25, 1991, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nurseries; Container grown plants; Irrigation systems; Overhead irrigation; Spatial distribution; Water use efficiency 161 NAL Call. No.: S624.C2S64 New irrigation strategies help wine-grape growers cope with limited water supplies. Prichard, T.L.; Verdegaal, P.; Smith, R. Oakland, Calif. : Cooperative Extension, University of California; 1991. Soil and water (80): p. 1, 4; 1991. Language: English Descriptors: Vitis; Irrigation; Yields; Water use efficiency; Water stress 162 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Nonionic surfactant and supplemental irrigation of soybean on crusting soils. McCauley, G.N. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan. Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 17-21; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Glycine max; Crop yield; Seeds; Nonionic surfactants; Sprinkler irrigation; Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Use efficiency; Application rates; Adjuvants; Crusts; Hydrophobicity Abstract: Agricultural land use in much of the Texas Coastal Prairie consists of 1 yr of rice (Oryza sativa L.) followed by 2 to 4 yr of native pasture. Replacing some of the native pasture with a cultivated rotational crop could benefit the area's agricultural base by reducing fixed costs and aiding pest management. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fits the crop rotation system well but yields are highly variable and marginally economical. Research was initiated in 1985 near Eagle Lake, TX, to evaluate the potential of a nonionic surfactant and supplemental irrigation to increase and stabilize soybean yields on the Nada soil (fine loamy, silicous, hyperthermic Typic Albaqualf). In addition the effect of the surfactant and irrigation on P and K fertilizer efficiency was evaluated. The nonionic surfactant (Amway ASPA 80, Amway Corp., Ada, MI) was injected through a lateral-move irrigation system at 0.00, 0.36, 0.71, and 1.42 L ha-1 during a 7 mm irrigation. Adjuvant rate, repeated adjuvant applications within 1 yr and over 3 yr, and P and K at the recommended and half the recommended rates were evaluated. Supplemental irrigation was applied so irrigation plus rainfall equalled 19 mm wk-1. No measurable yield differences between P and K rates were detected. The adjuvant at 0.36 L ha-1 increased soybean yields 37% above the check. Adjuvant at the 0.71 and 1.42 L ha-1 rate decreased yield from the 0.36 L ha-1 rate. No phytotoxicity was observed. Multiple adjuvant applications during 1 yr, and repeated applications to the same area over years, had no additional beneficial yield effect. 163 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 On the econmics of cotton conservation tillage with low energy precision application irrigation. Triplett, C.M.; Pegarra, E.; Lyle, W.M. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences v. 1: p. 431-435; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Gossypium; Conservation tillage; Irrigation 164 NAL Call. No.: TC401.W27 On the rationalization of water management for food production. Jermar, M.K. Hingham, Mass. : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990. Water resources management v. 4 (3): p. 205-217; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Water management; Irrigated farming; Optimization; Irrigation systems; Food crops; Crop yield; Cropping systems; Crop production; Irrigation requirements; Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Equations 165 NAL Call. No.: S619.E34O66 1988 Opportunities for drainage water reduction. University of California (System), Committee of Consultants on Drainage Water Reduction, University of California (System), Salinity/Drainage Task Force, California Water Resources Center Davis, Calif.? : The Task Force : The Center,; 1988. 28 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. (Drainage, salinity, and toxic constituents ; no. 1). Cover title. January 1988. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-28). Language: English; English Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Irrigation water; Drainage; Agricultural pollution 166 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Optimal deficit irrigation management. Severin, M.A.; Martin, D.L.; Supalla, R.J. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-2512): 29 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation scheduling; Water stress; Water conservation; Dynamic programming; Water use efficiency; Water allocation; Decision making; Models 167 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P Optimal irrigation management under conditions of limited water supply. Bernardo, D.J.; Whittlesey, N.K.; Saxton, K.E.; Bassett, D.L. Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1988 May. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1498): 28 p.; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Washington; Irrigation systems; Water conservation; Irrigation scheduling; Water allocation; Computer analysis; Models 168 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295 Optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops. Vedula, S.; Mujumdar, P.P. Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Jan. Water resources research v. 28 (1): p. 1-9; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Karnataka; Multiple cropping; Water reservoirs; Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Water availability; Water allocation; Crop growth stage; Water use efficiency; Decision making; Mathematical models Abstract: A model for the optimal operating policy of a reservoir for irrigation under a multiple crops scenario using stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is developed. Intraseasonal periods smaller than the crop growth stage durations form the decision intervals of the model to facilitate irrigation decisions in real situations. Reservoir storage, inflow to the reservoir, and the soil moisture in the irrigated area are treated as state variables. An optimal allocation process is incorporated in the model to determine the allocations to individual crops when a competition for water exists among them. The model also serves as an irrigation scheduling model in that at any given intraseason period it specifies whether irrigation is needed and, if it is, the amount of irrigation to be applied to each crop. The impact on crop yield due to water deficit and the effect of soil moisture dynamics on crop water requirements are taken into account. A linear root growth of the crop is assumed until the end of the vegetative stage, beyond which the root depth is assumed to be constant. The applicability of the model is demonstrated through a case study of an existing reservoir in India. 169 NAL Call. No.: HC79.P55J6 Optimization of inputs in a spatially variable natural resource: unconditional vs. conditional analysis. Feinerman, E.; Bresler, E.; Dagan, G. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1989 Sep. Journal of environmental economics and management v. 17 (2): p. 140-154; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation water; Fields; Spatial variation; Use efficiency; Information; Stochastic models; Optimization; Risk; Decision making; Yields Abstract: Stochastic optimization of inputs in a spatially variable natural resource is studied, with special emphasis placed on the problem faced by a risk-averse decision maker (DM): how to use, in the best possible way, the given body of information, which is embodied in one realization of the relevant measurements. Two approaches, unconditional and conditional, are investigated and compared. The unconditional and the conditional stochastic optimization problems are defined and an illustrative numerical example is given. The principal conclusion drawn is that the conditional analysis has the potential to increase the DM's welfare substantially, as compared with the unconditional one. 170 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56 Ornamental plant growth responses to different application rates of reclaimed water. Parnell, J.R. S.l. : The Society; 1990 May. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State Horticulture Society v. 102: p. 89-92; 1990 May. Proceedings held October 31-November 2, 1989, Tampa, Florida. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Ornamental plants; Responses; Irrigation requirements; Irrigation water; Application rates; Water conservation 171 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34 Patterns and trends in irrigation efficiency. Thompson, S.A. Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association; 1988 Feb. Water resources bulletin v. 24 (1): p. 57-63. maps; 1988 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water use efficiency; Irrigation; Agricultural land; Project appraisal; Crops; Water requirements; Surveys 172 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Performance of LEPA equipment on center pivot machines. Buchleiter, G.W. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Sep. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (5): p. 631-637; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Center pivot irrigation; Self propelled irrigation systems; Application methods; Performance testing Abstract: The performance of LEPA equipment on a center pivot machine was evaluated at three different radii at three different slopes. Application uniformity was best at the outer end and poorest at the middle of the pivot mainline pipe. No runoff occurred on 1% slope but excessive runoff occurred on the 3% and 8% slopes. Simulations indicated performance could be improved by constructing microbasins in the furrows. 173 NAL Call. No.: GB705.A6H9 Perils of progress--hydrogeological hazards in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada. Katzer, T.; Brothers, K. Tucson, Ariz. : American Water Resources Association; 1989. Hydrology and water resources in Arizona and the Southwest v. 19: p. 7-18. ill., maps; 1989. Paper presented at the "Meetings of the Arizona Section American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science on Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest," April 15, 1989, Las Vegas, Nevada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nevada; Water resources; Water use; Irrigation water; Water requirements; Water deficit; Aquifers; Groundwater level; Historical records; Water conservation 174 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Photovoltaic-powered water pumping for small irrigation systems. Whiffen, H.J.H.; Haman, D.Z.; Baird, C.D. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Sep. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (5): p. 625-629; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Centrifugal pumps; Photovoltaic cells; Solar energy; Microirrigation; Performance testing; Efficiency; Economic viability Abstract: A 374-peak watt(p,SOC) photovoltaic (pv) array was connected through a 0.4 kW (0.5 hp) DC permanent magnet motor to a single-stage centrifugal pump to demonstrate the water pumping capacity of this system and to analyze the economic competitiveness of pv power for micro-irrigation in Florida. During the eight-month time period in which it operated, a datalogger monitored the system's efficiencies under a variety of climatic conditions. These data points were used to create an irradiance dependent, empirical mathematical model of the pv system. Ten years of solar irradiance data were applied to this model to generate a 12-month performance curve for the system. These daily values of water pumped were compared to the daily potential evapotranspiration (ETp) calculated from the same weather data using the Penman equation. Under assumed soil conditions, the land area on which the pv system could replace the ET, with a reliability of 0.84 was 1.06 ha (2.62 ac) for the Florida vegetable growing season (September-May). 175 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Physiological analysis of peanut cultivar response to timing and duration of drought stress. Wright, G.C.; Hubick, K.T.; Farquhar, G.D. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p. 453-470; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Arachis hypogaea; Cultivars; Crop growth stage; Growth rate; Harvest index; Irrigation; Pods; Rain; Transpiration; Water deficit; Water stress; Water use efficiency; Yield components; Soil types; Drought resistance 176 NAL Call. No.: QK938.D4P73 Phytomass of perko and rape on sandy soils of the arid zone irrigated with drainage waters. Lalymenko, L.A.; Lalymenko, N.K. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1988. Problems of desert development (1): p. 89-96; 1988. Translated from Problemy Osvoeniya Pustyn, 1988, No. 1, p. 83-88, (QK938.D4P7). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Turkmen ssr; Brassica campestris; Hybrids; Forage; Sandy soils; Dry matter; Agricultural land; Irrigated soils; Deserts; Arid zones; Rotations; Waste water disposal; Drainage water; Water use efficiency 177 NAL Call. No.: 80 J825 Plant water relations, canopy temperature, yield and water-use efficiency of watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum et Nakai under drip and furrow irrigation. Srinivas, K.; Hedge, D.M.; Havanagi, G.N. Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd; 1989 Jan. The Journal of horticultural science v. 64 (1): p. 115-124; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Citrullus lanatus; Trickle irrigation; Furrow irrigation; Plants; Water content; Yield response functions; Water use efficiency; Canopy; Temperature 178 NAL Call. No.: 81 L95 Plant water relations: effect on the growth of woody ornamental plants. Davies, F.T. Jr Weslaco, Tex. : The Society; 1988. Journal of the Rio Grande Valley Horticultural Society v. 41: p. 29-31; 1988. This publication is not owned by the National Agricultural Library. Language: English Descriptors: Ornamental plants; Woody plants; Plant water relations; Growth; Water composition and quality; Nursery management; Overhead irrigation; Drought resistance; Water use efficiency 179 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32T Planting date, water management, and maturity length relations for irrigated grain sorghum. Allen, R.R.; Musick, J.T. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1958-; 1993 Jul. Transactions of the ASAE v. 36 (4): p. 1123-1129; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Cabt; Sorghum bicolor; Irrigation; Hybrids; Planting date; Water management; Water use efficiency; Evapotranspiration Abstract: Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] is produced under widely varying planting dates and irrigation management in the Southern High Plains. This study was conducted to determine optimum planting date and maturity length hybrid under varying irrigation levels. The effects of medium and medium-late maturity sorghum hybrids on yield, water use, and water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated for three irrigation regimes; no post-plant irrigation, limited irrigation (one or two growing season applications), and adequate irrigation (three or four growing season applications). Planting dates were from early May through late June of 1989, 1990, and 1991 at Bushland, Texas. Grain yields averaged highest (about 8.9 Mg/ha) for both hybrids under adequate irrigation when planted near 23 May. When planting very early (near 5 May) with adequate irrigation, the medium-late hybrid was slightly more productive than the medium hybrid, but when planting in June, the medium hybrid was slightly more productive. With limited irrigation, the medium hybrid was slightly more productive (yield of 7.2 Mg/ha and WUE of 1.3 kg/m3) than the medium-late hybrid (yield of 6.9 Mg/ha and WUE of 1.2 kg/m3). Under a major soil-water deficit without any post-plant irrigations, the medium hybrid was more productive. With planting dates in May and adequate irrigation, either maturity-length hybrid would give acceptable performance. When planting in June, a medium hybrid would be acceptable for both limited and adequate irrigation management. 180 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Poinsettia irrigation based on evaporative demand and plant growth characteristics. Stanley, C.D.; Harbaugh, B.K. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1989 Dec. HortScience v. 24 (6): p. 937-939; 1989 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Euphorbia pulcherrima; Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Evapotranspiration; Water conservation; Capillary irrigation; Mathematical models; Prediction 181 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Potential benefits of controlled-subdrainage in humid regions of the U.S. Fouss, J.L.; Rogers, J.S.; Carter, C.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-2105): 15 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Subsurface drainage; Rain; Water use; Efficiency; Water table; Water management; Subsurface irrigation; Computer simulation 182 NAL Call. No.: 21.5 Z15 Proucevanje ucinkovitosti delovanja drenaznih filtrov z modeli [A model study of the efficiency of drainage permeable backfill]. Petrac, M.; Maticic, B. Ljubljana : Fakulteta; 1988. Zbornik Biotehniske fakultete univerze Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani : Kmetijstvo; Research reports, Biotechnical Faculty, University Edvarda Kardelj of Ljubljana : Agricultural issue (51): p. 89-93. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: Slovene Descriptors: Yugoslavia; Drainage; Filters; Backfilling; Efficiency; Permeability; Simulation models 183 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62 Pumping plant performance evaluation. Evans, R.O.; Hunt, J.H.; Sneed, R.E. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University (452-6): 8 p.; 1991 Jun. In subseries: Water & Energy Efficiency in Irrigation. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Irrigation equipment; Pumps; Efficiency; Electric motors; Internal combustion engines; Performance testing 184 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8 Rainfed agriculture: water harvesting and soil water conservation. Laryea, K.B. Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992 Dec. Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (4): p. 271-277. ill; 1992 Dec. Special issue: Focus on water. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Soil water; Water conservation; Water harvesting; Water requirements; Irrigation; Semiarid zones; Tropics 185 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Reducing drainwater: furrow vs. subsurface drip irrigation. Fulton, A.E.; Oster, J.D.; Hanson, B.R.; Phene, C.J.; Goldhamer, D.A. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 Mar. California agriculture v. 45 (2): p. 4-8. ill; 1991 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: California; Water conservation; Furrow irrigation; Subsurface irrigation; Drainage water; Gossypium hirsutum; Crop yield; Profits; Costs 186 NAL Call. No.: S13.R6 nr.107 Regulowanie uwilgotnienia gleby za pomoca nawodnien wglebnych [Soil moisture control by subsurface irrigation]., Wyd. 1.. Pierzgalski, Edward Warszawa : Wydawn. SGGW-AR,; 1990. 111 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Rosprawy naukowe i monografie ; 107.). Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [100]-109). Language: Polish Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Soil moisture; Soils, Irrigated 187 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River. Lou, P.; Hou, L. Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1988. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 2 (1): p. 9-19; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: China; Irrigation systems; Surface water; Tube wells; Problem analysis; Salinity; Waterlogging; Water use efficiency; Water costs; Rivers 188 NAL Call. No.: HT401.J68 Reliance on sources of information for water-saving practices by irrigators in the High Plains of the U.S.A. Kromm, D.E.; White, S.E. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991. Journal of rural studies v. 7 (4): p. 411-421; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Southern plains states of U.S.A.; Nebraska; Colorado; Kansas; New Mexico; Groundwater; Irrigation; Information services; Usage; Beliefs; Farmers' attitudes; Water conservation; Innovation adoption; Water management; Regional surveys; Farmers; Geographical distribution; Plains; Consultants; Universities; Experimental stations; Trade publications Abstract: Who do farmers trust? Irrigators in the High Plains are confronted with a wide range of information source's with respect to water-saving practices. From a survey of 709 irrigators in 10 countries the most widely accepted sources are identified, regional variability or information is examined, the role of irrigator characteristics on source selection is determined, and the level of association between adoption and source preference is analyzed. Differences in irrigators' reliance on specific sources are more associated with location than irrigator characteristics. Information sources viewed as important by many irrigators frequently influence adoption decisions less than sources having a wide range of preference among irrigators. Mass media and advisor-oriented sources are much more significantly linked to adoption than inter-personal sources such as friends and neighbors. The three sources that best discriminate adoption behavior are private agricultural consulting firms, university research stations, and trade magazines. 189 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Research of turfgrass water use in Arizona. Mancino, C.F. Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural Science; 1993 Apr. HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 28 (4): p. 290-291; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at the colloquium "Politics of water use and its effects on water research of horticultural crops," held at the 87th ASHS Annual Meeting, Nov. 8, 1990, Tucson, Arizona. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Cabt; Lawns and turf; Irrigation water; Water use; Water conservation; Water requirements; Waste water; Application 190 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Reservoir-tillage and controlled-traffic practices on irrigated crops in humid regions. Hackwell, S.G.; Rochester, E.W.; Yoo, K.H. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 47-53; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Irrigation systems; Tillage; Water conservation 191 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 Response of winter wheat to N and water: growth, water use, yield and grain protein. Entz, M.H.; Fowler, D.B. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1989 Oct. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 69 (4): p. 1135-1147; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Nitrogen fertilizers; Irrigation requirements; Interactions; Cultivars; Crop yield; Yield response functions; Grain; Protein content; Growth rate; Varietal effects; Water use efficiency; Dry matter accumulation 192 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72 Responses of tea (Camellia sinensis) to irrigation and fertilizer. II. Water use. Stephens, W.; Carr, M.K.V. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Apr. Experimental agriculture v. 27 (2): p. 193-210; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Tanzania; Camellia sinensis; Evapotranspiration; Highlands; Irrigation; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil water; Water deficit; Water use efficiency; Yield response functions; Experimental design 193 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Review of irrigation system performance with respect to initial objectives. Plusquellec, H.L.; McPhail, K.; Polti, C. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990 Nov. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 4 (4): p. 313-327; 1990 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mexico; Morocco; Philippines; Thailand; Colombia; Sudan; Gravity; Irrigation systems; Performance appraisals; Water availability; Water use efficiency; Water distribution; Cropping systems; Intensification; Crop yield; Returns 194 NAL Call. No.: S79 .E3 Rice levee construction and seepage losses on Sharkey clay. Pringle, H.C. III; Street, J.E. State College, Miss. : Mississippi State University, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, 1970-; 1992 Dec. Bulletin (991): 10 p.; 1992 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Cabt; Flooded rice; Dikes; Clay soils; Construction; Seepage; Water conservation 195 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N47M Salinity mitigation in the Murray River system. Quiggin, J. Armidale : Australian Agricultural Economics Society, Inc; 1991 Apr. Review of marketing and agricultural economics v. 59 (1): p. 53-65; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Rivers; Salinity; Farm management; Irrigation water; Water use efficiency; Decision making; Production functions 196 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 UN33 Save water--automatically!. Moore, J.F. Far Hills, N.J. : United States Golf Association; 1991 Mar. USGA Green Section record v. 29 (2): p. 20-21; 1991 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation water; Water conservation; Automatic irrigation systems; Innovations 197 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Scheduling irrigations for carrots. Kruse, E.G.; Ells, J.E.; McSay, A.E. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1990 Jun. HortScience v. 25 (6): p. 641-644; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Daucus carota; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Irrigation requirements; Crop yield; Growth models; Computer applications 198 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6 Scheduling irrigations for cucumbers. Ells, J.E.; Kruse, E.G.; McSay, A.E. Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1989 Jun. HortScience v. 24 (3): p. 448-452; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Cucumis sativus; Irrigation scheduling; Crop yield; Water use efficiency; Tensiometers 199 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44 The second management plan: What's proposed for agricultural irrigation. Ayer, H. Tempe, Ariz. : Arizona Farmer-Stockman; 1988 May. Arizona farmer-stockman v. 67 (5): p. 14-16; 1988 May. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Groundwater; Irrigated farming; Law; Water conservation; Cooperation; Water resource management; Water allocation 200 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Seed yield and water-use efficiency of white lupin as influenced by irrigation, row spacing, and weeds. Putnam, D.H.; Wright, J.; Field, L.A.; Ayisi, K.K. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul. Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 557-563; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Minnesota; Lupinus albus; Irrigation scheduling; Spring; Sprinkler irrigation; Row spacing; Weeds; Crop yield; Seeds; Protein content; Yield components; Water use efficiency; Crude protein; Seed weight Abstract: When grown on sandy soil, spring-seeded sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is usually subject to moisture stress. Late-germinating broadleaf weeds also compete with the crop and reduce yields. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of five irrigation levels, two row spacings (15 and 76 cm), and late-germinating weeds on lupin seed yield, seed protein content, and water-use efficiency. The cultivar Ultra was grown on a loamy sand (Udotrantic Haploborolls) and irrigated with a line-source sprinkler system. Full irrigation increased seed yield an average of 553% over non-irrigated controls in 1988, 229% in 1989, and 52% in 1990, but seed protein concentration was reduced 2.5 to 7.9 percentage points. Applied water-use efficiency and crude protein applied water-use efficiency were maximized at 300 to 400 mm or less of total effective water depending upon year. Irrigation increased lupin seed yield primarily by increasing numbers of fertile branches and mainstem pods. Irrigation also increased number of seeds per pod and seed weight. Lack of late season weed control reduced yields by an average of 17% in 1988 and 1989, and 28% in 1990. Yields from narrow rows were 23 to 50% higher than those from wide rows. Generally, weed count was reduced in narrow rows. Substantial benefits of irrigation to white lupin productivity were observed on these soils, but it is unlikely that applications of more than 350 to 400 mm of irrigation water plus rainfall would increase seed yield or water-use efficiency for spring-sown white lupin. 201 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 F66C Selection of centrifugal pumping equipment. Haman, D.Z.; Zazueta, F.S.; Izuno, F.T. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1992 May. Circular - Florida Cooperative Extension Service (1048): 11 p.; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Centrifugal pumps; Irrigation systems; Capacity; Efficiency 202 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756 Short staple cotton under micro and level-basin irrigation methods. Bucks, D.A.; Allen, S.G.; Roth, R.L.; Gardner, B.R. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988. Irrigation science v. 9 (3): p. 161-176; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Cultivars; Irrigation systems; Trickle irrigation; Surface irrigation; Water management; Yield increases; Row spacing; Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Evapotranspiration 203 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Six years of LEPA in Texas--less water, higher yields. Fipps, G.; New, L.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 115-120. ill; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Center pivot irrigation; Water conservation; Yield increases 204 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Software for turfgrass water audits. Snyder, R.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 96-100; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Sprinkler irrigation; Water use efficiency; Computer software 205 NAL Call. No.: TD201.W92 Soil watch shows sugar-cane response. Kirby, C. London : T. Telford Ltd; 1988 Oct. World water v. 11 (9): p. 31, 33, 35. ill; 1988 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: Mauritius; Saccharum; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation systems; Tensiometers; Soil water balance; Yield response functions; Soil water movement; Water use efficiency 206 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Soluble calcium compounds may aid low-volume water application. Wildman, W.E.; Peacock, W.L.; Wildman, A.M.; Goble, G.G.; Pehrson, J.E.; O'Connell, N.V. Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 Nov. California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment Station v. 42 (6): p. 7-9. ill; 1988 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: California; Citrus; Orchards; Vineyards; Trickle irrigation; Calcium; Water soluble compounds; Water use efficiency; Infiltration; Sandy loam soils; Soil treatments 207 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Spatial distribution of irrigation water application in sprinkler irrigation. Wahdan, A.A.; El-Gayer, A.M. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-2620): 7 p.; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Irrigation water; Distribution; Patterns; Application; Efficiency 208 NAL Call. No.: ViBlbVLD5655.V855 1992.L352 Spray stake irrigation of container-grown plants. Lamack, William F., 1992; 1992. viii, 36 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Plants, Effect of water levels on; Container gardening; Irrigation efficiency 209 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Sprinkler efficiency measurement with large weighing lysimeters. Schneider, A.D.; Howell, T.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 69-76; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Sprinkler irrigation; Efficiency; Lysimeters 210 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Sprinkler irrigation management for corn--southern great plains. Howell, T.A.; Copeland, K.S.; Schneider, A.D.; Dusek, D.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-2098): 21 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Sprinkler irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Water use efficiency; Yield response functions; Simulation models 211 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Subsurface drip produced highest net return in Westlands area study. Smith, R.B.; Oster, J.D.; Phene, C. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 Mar. California agriculture v. 45 (2): p. 8-10. ill; 1991 Mar. Second part of three-part article: "Can farmers use water more effectively?". Language: English Descriptors: California; Water conservation; Subsurface irrigation; Gossypium hirsutum; Yields; Profits; Irrigation scheduling; Costs 212 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Sugarcane, yield, biomass, and water-use efficiency. Shih, S.F. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988 Jan. Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural Engineers v. 31 (1): p. 142-148. ill; 1988 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Saccharum officinarum; Biomass; Lysimeters; Subsurface irrigation; Yields; Evapotranspiration; Water use efficiency 213 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.D3C652 Techniques for computerized irrigation management. Phene, C.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Mar. Computers and electronics in agriculture v. 3 (3): p. 189-208. ill; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Automatic irrigation; Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Computer applications; Simulation models; Decision making 214 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34 Trends in Western United States agriculture: irrigation organizations. Franklin, D.R.; Narayanan, R. Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association; 1988 Dec. Water resources bulletin v. 24 (6): p. 1289-1294; 1988 Dec. Paper presented at the 24th Annual American Water Resources Association Conference, "Water for the Years Ahead--Quality and Quantity: 1990 and Beyond," November 6-11, 1988, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western states of U.S.A.; Agriculture; Trends; Irrigation; Organizations; Efficiency; Structure; Water resource management; History; Water policy 215 NAL Call. No.: S51.E22 Trickle irrigated wetted area for peach trees. Chesness, J.; Rieger, M.; Myers, S. Athens, Ga. : The Stations; 1992 Jun. Research report - University of Georgia, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Stations (607): 11 p.; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Prunus persica; Fruit trees; Trickle irrigation; Water use efficiency; Areas; Soil water; Crop yield 216 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.L65 Trickle irrigation. Riverhead, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Extension; 1988 Sep. Long Island horticulture news. p. 3; 1988 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Trickle irrigation; Soil moisture; Fruit trees; Water conservation; Labor costs 217 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Turfgrass water conservation in the arid southwest. Morris, R.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 107. ill; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation systems; Water conservation 218 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68 Two hundred tons per hectare of processing tomatoes--Can we reach it?. Phene, C.J.; Hutmacher, R.B.; Davis, K.R. Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science; 1992 Jan. HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 16-22; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle irrigation; Subsurface irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Water use efficiency; Fertigation; Crop yield 219 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371 Underground irrigation: more than meets the eye. Statham, M.L. Sr Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Company; 1989 Jul15. American nurseryman v. 170 (2): p. 53-57; 1989 Jul15. Language: English Descriptors: Tennessee; Subsurface irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Nurseries; Water use efficiency; Fertirrigation 220 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Uniformity in pressurized irrigation systems depends on design, installation. Little, G.E.; Hills, D.J.; Hanson, B.R. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1993 May. California agriculture v. 47 (3): p. 18-21; 1993 May. Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Water distribution; Variation; Pressure; Water use efficiency 221 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Uniformity of infiltrated water under a low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation system. Hanson, B.R.; Schwankl, L.; Fulton, A. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988 Oct. Transactions of the ASAE v. 31 (5): p. 1463-1468; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Furrow irrigation; Infiltration; Water absorption 222 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Uniformity of LEPA irrigation systems with furrow drops. Fangmeier, D.D.; Vlotman, W.F.; Eftekharzadeh, S. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990 Nov. Transactions of the ASAE v. 33 (6): p. 1907-1912; 1990 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Computer simulation; Energy conservation; Furrow irrigation; Irrigation water; Water distribution Abstract: Computer models for the movement and water delivery of low pressure center pivot and linear-move systems with furrow drops were used to compute water distribution uniformities. The models for small, 3-span, 170-m systems compared satisfactorily with field results. The computed results for 396 m systems had lower uniformities than for the 170 m systems. Uniformities were lowest for furrow-check spacings of 0.5 m or less. As system speed increased, uniformities with short check spacings increased. At check spacings of 3 m or greater, speed had no effect with the center pivot but varied over a 10% range for the linear move. To obtain a uniformity coefficient of 0.8, check spacings needed to be at least 2 m. Uniformities were greatly improved if the alignment angles between spans, which controlled tower movements, were reduced from 0.7 degrees to 0.4 degrees or 0.25 degrees. However, this caused more frequent movement of the center towers which requires more expensive equipment. 223 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Uniformity of low-energy precise-application (LEPA) irrigation machines. Hanson, B.R.; Schwanki, L.J.; Fulton, A. Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 Sep. California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment Station v. 42 (5): p. 12-14. ill; 1988 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Irrigation equipment; Energy conservation; Drainage; Soil water movement 224 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Use of rainfall and irrigation for sorghum production. Allen, R.R.; Musick, J.T. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-2513): 17 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum bicolor; Grain; Bedding; Furrow irrigation; Water uptake; Water use efficiency; Water requirements; Tillage; Soil water; Storage; Yield response functions 225 NAL Call. No.: HC79.E5N3 The use of water pricing as a means for enhancing water use efficiency in irrigation: case studies in Mexico and the United States. Cummings, R.G.; Nercissiantz, V. Albuquerque, N.M. : University of New Mexico School of Law; 1992. Natural resources journal v. 32 (4): p. 731-755; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mexico; U.S.A.; Irrigation water; Water costs; Water use efficiency; Case studies; Water policy 226 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7 Using gray water. Coder, K.D. Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1991 Mar. Grounds maintenance v. 26 (3): p. 16, 20, 22, 25; 1991 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Water conservation; Waste water; Irrigation water; Waste utilization 227 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Using satellite imagery in soil and water conservation classes. Papritan, J.C.; Ward, A.D.; Lyon, J.G. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 88-5504): 18 p. ill., maps; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Soil; Drainage; Soil water content; Agricultural engineering; Soil conservation; Water conservation; Teaching materials; Satellite imagery; Remote sensing 228 NAL Call. No.: 80 G85W Walnut irrigation: The underground story. Stockwin, W. Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co; 1988 May. Western fruit grower v. 108 (5): p. 46-47. ill; 1988 May. Language: English Descriptors: California; Juglans; Cultivars; Plant production; Trickle irrigation; Equipment; Techniques; Efficiency; Performance; Water management 229 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9 Water agencies: an inside view. Engle, M. Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation; 1991 Aug. California grower v. 15 (8): p. 36; 1991 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: California; Water management; Local government; Water conservation; Irrigation; State government; Urban areas; Rural areas 230 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Water and energy conservation by improving irrigation practices in Colorado. Broner, I.; Leibrock, F.R. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 410-415; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Surface irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Water conservation; Energy conservation 231 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66 Water charges and irrigation efficiencies. Bos, M.G.; Wolters, W. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990 Aug. Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v. 4 (3): p. 267-278; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation water; Farmers; Charges; Costs; Water use efficiency; Surveys; Questionnaires 232 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9 Water conservation approaches for commercial nurseries. Engle, M. Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management Corporation; 1992 Feb. California grower v. 16 (2): p. 33-34; 1992 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: California; Nurseries; Water conservation; Irrigation systems; Trickle irrigation; Water reuse; Water use efficiency; Public relations 233 NAL Call. No.: HD1690.5.E53 Water conservation in irrigated agriculture. Smerdon, E.T. New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1988. The role of social and behavioral sciences in water resources planning and management : proc of an Engineering Foundation Conf in conjunction with the Univ Council on Water Resources, Santa Barbara, Calif, May 3-8, 1987. p. 160-173; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigated farming; Water conservation; Water supplies; Structural change; Economic sociology; Right of access; Water law 234 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295 Water conservation in irrigated agriculture: a stochastic production frontier model. McGuckin, J.T.; Gollehon, N.; Ghosh, S. Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Feb. Water resources research v. 28 (2): p. 305-312; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alaska; Zea mays; Irrigation; Water conservation; Water use efficiency; Production functions; Stochastic models; Surveys Abstract: A stochastic production frontier model of irrigation is used to analyze sources of economic inefficiency in irrigation practices of Nebraska corn producers and the extent that field information from soil moisture monitoring, commercial scheduling and/or weather reports increases economic efficiency. The results indicate that farm irrigation practices have an average technical efficiency of 81% (defined as the ratio of actualized production to maximum potential production for a level of inputs). Field information from moisture sensors can improve technical efficiency by 3.9%. The value of information provided by moisture sensors depends on the technical efficiency of the farmer and ranges from $58.23 per hectare for an efficient farmer to $40.29 for an inefficient producer. The elasticity of derived demand for water is estimated to be -1.095. 235 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4 Water conservation potential from irrigation technology transitions in the Pacific Northwest. Schaible, G.D.; Kim, C.S.; Whittlesey, N.K Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association; 1991 Dec. Western journal of agricultural economics v. 16 (2): p. 194-206; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Idaho; Oregon; Washington; Irrigation water; Water conservation; Technology; Decision making; Econometric models; Agricultural prices; Water policy; Innovation adoption 236 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Ab no.576 Water conservation through irrigation technology. Negri, Donald H.; Hanchar, John J. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, [1989?]; 1989. 9 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Agriculture information bulletin ; 576). Caption title. "November 1989"-- P. 1. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation farming; Water conservation; Irrigation efficiency 237 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82 Water consumptive use of greenhouse tomatoes as related to various levels of soil water potential under drip irrigation. Michelakis, N.G.; Chartzoulakis, K.S. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1988 Sep. Acta horticulturae (228): p. 127-136; 1988 Sep. Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Water Supply and Irrigation in the Open and Under Protected Cultivation, August 26-28, 1985, Padova, Italy. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Greenhouse experimentation; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Tensiometers; Gypsum blocks; Soil water potential; Yield response functions; Water use efficiency 238 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Water efficient clover fixes soil nitrogen, provides winter forage crop. Williams, W.A.; Graves, W.L.; Cassman, K.G.; Miller, P.R.; Thomsen, C.D. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 Jul. California agriculture v. 45 (4): p. 30-32; 1991 Jul. Language: English Descriptors: Trifolium alexandrinum; Lolium multiflorum; Nitrogen fixation; Water use efficiency 239 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8 Water management. Carr, M.K.V.; Leeds-Harrison, P.B.; Carter, R.C. Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1990 Dec. Outlook on agriculture v. 19 (4): p. 229-235. ill; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Water management; Water supply; Water conservation; Drainage; Irrigation; Reclamation; International comparisons 240 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8 Water management in relation to crop production: case study on rice. Bhuiyan, S.I. Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992 Dec. Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (4): p. 293-299. ill; 1992 Dec. Special issue: Focus on water. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Irrigation; Water management; Water requirements; Water use efficiency; Crop production 241 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Water management of alfalfa through individual harvest production functions. Myer, G.L.; Miller, W.W.; Narayanan, R.; Jensen, E.H.; Zheng, Y.B. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct. Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 505-508; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nevada; Medicago sativa; Water allocation; Irrigation; Application to land; Water use efficiency; Irrigation water; Evapotranspiration; Production functions; Mathematics; Seasonal growth; Crop yield; Harvesting; Application rates; Precipitation; Soil water content; Seasonal variation; Irrigation scheduling 242 NAL Call. No.: S543.T4T43 no.15 Water management with conservation tillage. Unger, P.W.; Gerard, C.J.; Matocha, J.E.; Hons, F.M.; Bordovsky, D.G.; Wendt, C.W. College Station, Tex. : Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M Univ System; 1988. Conservation tillage in Texas / edited by F.M. Hons. p. 10-15; 1988. (Research monograph / Texas Agricultural Experiment Station ; 15). Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Zea mays; Sorghum; Triticum; Fallow; Irrigation; Semiarid soils; Soil and water conservation; Minimum tillage systems; Crop yield 243 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822 Water markets and water quality. Weinberg, M.; Kling, C.L.; Wilen, J.E. Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1993 May. American journal of agricultural economics v. 75 (2): p. 278-291; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water quality; Irrigation water; Markets; Water use efficiency; Water allocation; Farm management; Decision making; Drainage; Simulation models; Water policy Abstract: In addition to improving the allocative efficiency of water use, water markets may reduce irrigation-related water quality problems. This potential benefit is examined with a nonlinear programming model developed to simulate agricultural decision-making in a drainage problem area in California's San Joaquin Valley. Results indicate that a 30% drainage goal is achievable through improvements in irrigation practices and changes in cropping patterns induced by a water market. Although water markets will not generally achieve a least-cost solution, they may be a practical alternative to economically efficient, but informationally intensive, environmental policies such as Pigouvian taxes. 244 NAL Call. No.: TC401.A5 Water quality and the conservation reserve program: implications of targeting saline croplands. Aillery, M.P. Bethesda, Md. : The Association; 1988 Nov. American Water Resources Association technical publication series TPS (88-4): p. 261-270. maps; 1988 Nov. In the series analytic: Nonpoint pollution: 1988-- policy, economy, management, and appropriate technology / edited by V. Novotny. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water conservation; Programs; Water composition and quality; Salinity; Irrigation; Water management; Pastures 245 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.W3W376 1992 Water saving techniques for plant growth. Verplancke, H. J. W.; Strooper, E. B. A. de; Boodt, M. de NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Water Saving Techniques for Plant Growth 1990 : Ghent, Belgium. Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers,; 1992. x, 241 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm. (NATO ASI series. Series E, Applied sciences ; no. 217.). Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division. "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Water Saving Techniques for Plant Growth, Ghent, Belgium, September 17-19, 1990"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Language: English Descriptors: Crops and water; Water conservation; Irrigation farming; Irrigation efficiency; Conservation tillage 246 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883 Water uptake by cotton roots during fruit filling in relation to irrigation frequency. Radin, J.W.; Mauney, J.R.; Kerridge, P.C. Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1989 Jul. Crop science v. 29 (4): p. 1000-1005; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Fruiting; Water use efficiency; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Arid climate; Leaf water potential; Water uptake; Root hydraulic conductivity; Stomatal resistance; Transpiration Abstract: Yield of irrigated cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.) increases as the interval between water applications is decreased, even if the total amount of water applied is unchanged. Experiments were undertaken to compare season-long water relations of high-frequency drip-irrigated cotton (1- to 2-d intervals) to cotton irrigated at approximately 2-wk intervals. The crop was grown at two locations in central Arizona on a Mohall sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargid) and an Avondale clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent) soils. In 2-yr trials at each location, irrigation frequency had inconsistent effects on midday leaf water potential during vegetative growth. When the crop developed a heavy fruit load, however, leaf water potential of plants on the longer cycles was much lower than that of drip-irrigated plants, even after irrigation when ample soil moisture should have been available. Plant hydraulic conductances, estimated from regressions of single-leaf transpiration rate against leaf water potential, were high in both treatments early in the season. Hydraulic conductance decreased greatly during fruiting in plants on long irrigation cycles but less so in drip- irrigated plants. Late in the season, after fruit maturation and during plant regrowth, conductances were again high and similar in the two treatments. The results imply that during heavy fruiting, mild water stress associated with long irrigation cycles triggers deterioration of the root system that is very slow to be reversed. High-frequency drip irrigation, by preventing cyclical stress, apparently minimized this deterioration during fruit filling. 247 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3 Water use characterization of wide-spaced furrow irrigation. Tsegaye, T.; Stone, J.F.; Reeves, H.E. Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jan. Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (1): p. 240-245; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cabt; Sorghum bicolor; Furrow irrigation; Comparisons; Water requirements; Crop yield; Water uptake; Water use efficiency; Soil water movement; Soil depth; Evaporation; Soil water; Losses from soil Abstract: Water extraction, depletion, and sufficiency of wide-spaced furrow irrigation (WSFI) are not well understood. In addition, there is little work showing the response of WSFI where the same seasonal amount of water was applied to both WSFI and every-furrow irrigation (EFI). Treatments in this study included two seasonal amounts of water applied to both the WSFI and EFI plots. We determined the yield of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], water uptake (surface evaporation, extraction, and seasonal depletion), water penetration depth, and water use efficiency (WUE) during a 2-yr study in the Oklahoma Panhandle. A given amount of water produced about a 10% higher yield of grain sorghum when applied as WSFI than as EFI. The WUE of plants was found to be 24% higher for WSFI than for EFI. Evaporation from the soil surface was 30 mm greater for EFI than WSFI. The EFI resulted in 30 mm more water extraction from the soil, evidently to meet the demand of surface evaporation. Seasonal depletion was related to wetness of the treatment; depletion was 20 mm higher for the drier of the two treatments. Following any periods where water was not available, WSFI showed less water penetration depth than EFI. The WSFI appears to have benefit for irrigation of this crop. 248 NAL Call. No.: NBUS619 E34 W28 1992 Water use efficiency in agriculture proceedings of the binational China-Israel workshop : April 22-26, 1991, Beijing, China. Shalhevet, Joseph; Liu, Ch'ang-ming; Xu, Yuexian; Priel, Vivian R. Rehovot, Israel : Priel Publishers,; 1990. 297 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English; English Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency 249 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Water use efficiency, nutrient uptake and productivity of micro-irrigated citrus. Grieve, A.M. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 29 (1): p. 111-118; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Citrus sinensis; Irrigation systems; Nutrient uptake; Water uptake; Water use efficiency; Crop yield 250 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56 Water use efficiency of four species of woody ornamentals under north Florida winter conditions. Knox, G.W.; Zimet, D. S.l. : The Society; 1988. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State Horticulture Society v. 101: p. 331-333; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Ilex crenata; Ilex vomitoria; Myrica cerifera; Photinia fraseri; Plant water relations; Water use efficiency; Irrigation systems 251 NAL Call. No.: 280.28 AL62 Water watchers. Whitcomb, C. Sacramento, Calif. : California Almond Growers Exchange; 1988 Sep. Almond facts v. 53 (5): p. 16-17. ill., maps; 1988 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: California; Irrigation; Management; Information systems; Water use efficiency; Land use; Weather data 252 NAL Call. No.: SB401.A1D5 Water wisdom. Fulton, A.; Beede, R. Pleasanton, Calif. : Sun-Diamond Growers of California; 1989. Sun-diamond grower v. 8 (1): p. 27, 36-38; 1989. Language: English Descriptors: California; Juglans; Orchards; Irrigation; Water management; Water use efficiency; Soil water balance; Soil texture; Soil water content 253 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Water-conserving irrigation January 1986-August 1988. Maclean, J.T. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Feb. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (89-35): 38 p.; 1989 Feb. Updates QB 87-68. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation; Irrigation water; Water use efficiency; Water conservation 254 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82 Water-fertilizer management of processing tomatoes. Phene, C.J.; Hutmacher, R.B.; Davis, K.R.; McCormick, R.L. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science; 1990 Aug. Acta horticulturae (277): p. 137-143; 1990 Aug. Paper presented at the "Third International Symposium on Processing Tomatoes," November 29-December 2, 1989, Avignon, France. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Water use efficiency; Crop yield Abstract: Water and fertility management of processing tomatoes were studied with high frequency subsurface drip (SSD), high frequency surface drip (HFSD) and low frequency surface drip (LFSD). In 1984 and 1985, N, and N + P were injected uniformly through the drip systems, respectively. In 1987 N + K were injected uniformly through the drip systems, and the subtreatments were 0, 15, and 30 mg/l P injected daily in the irrigation water. The yields for all main treatments increased with injected P (1985) and K 1987. The SDS out-yielded the HFSD and LFSD in 1985 and 1987 when P was injected with the irrigation water but was not different in 1984 when only N was injected. 255 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9 Water-saving equipment. White, B. Fallbrook, Calif. : The Tanis Group, Inc; 1990 Mar. California grower v. 14 (3): p. 30-33. ill; 1990 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation equipment; Water use efficiency 256 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883 Water-use efficiency and yield of sainfoin and alfalfa. Bolger, T.P.; Matches, A.G. Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1990 Jan. Crop science v. 30 (1): p. 143-148; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Medicago sativa; Onobrychis viciifolia; Water use efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Crop yield; Seasonal fluctuations; Irrigation requirements; Sprinkler irrigation; Maximum yield; Dry farming Abstract: Water is often the primary limiting resource for forage production in semiarid and arid regions. Our objective was to determine yield and water- use efficiency (WUE) of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as related to evapotranspiration (ET). Species were grown in rows under an irrigation gradient. Total seasonal yields were a linear function (r2 = 0.87-0.97) of ET for both species. Maximum sainfoin yields were 85% of alfalfa (20.7 Mg ha-1). Sainfoin produced 58 to 63% of its total yield in the first two harvests as compared to 41 to 46% for alfalfa. When soil water was adequate for spring growth, sainfoin was ready to harvest 2 wk earlier than alfalfa. Total ET of both species was similar. Season-long WUE of alfalfa (18.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) was greater than sainfoin (10.7 kg ha-1 mm-1) in 1986 due to a lack of water in spring when sainfoin yield potential and WUE is highest. In 1987, seasonal WUE of sainfoin and alfalfa was similar (18.2 vs. 16.7 kg ha-1 mm-1), but alfalfa had a smaller evaporation (E) component giving it greater overall WUE and yield. Sainfoin WUE was high in spring and declined in summer. Alfalfa WUE remained high throughout the spring and summer. Both species had low WUE in the fall due to dormancy responses. Differences in leaf area index (LAI) account for differences in E between sainfoin and alfalfa. Sudden death of sainfoin plants in summer was observed under low irrigation; therefore, moderate levels of summer irrigation may be necessary to prevent stand loss. In dryland areas, sainfoin's greatest utility is for early season irrigated pasture or hay. 257 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG Weed control by subsurface drip irrigation. Grattan, S.R.; Schwankl, L.J.; Lanini, W.T. Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 May. California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment Station v. 42 (3): p. 22-24. ill; 1988 May. Language: English Descriptors: California; Weed control; Water management; Subsurface irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Efficiency 258 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822 Wellton-Mohawk farmers deliver water conservation. Hedlund, J.D. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil Conservation Society of America; 1988 Nov. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 43 (6): p. 462-464. ill; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Irrigation water; Water resource management; Salinization; Water pollution; Water conservation; Project appraisal; Law 259 NAL Call. No.: S619.E34R5 Winning with water soil-moisture monitoring for efficient irrigation. Richardson, Gail; Mueller-Beilschmidt, Peter New York, NY : INFORM Inc.,; 1988. xvi, 173 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. (An INFORM report). Language: English Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Soil moisture; Measurement; Irrigation efficiency; West (U.S.); Soil moisture; West (U.S.); Measurement 260 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Winter wheat response to nitrogen and irrigation. Eck, H.V. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Nov. Agronomy journal v. 80 (6): p. 902-908; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Fertilizer application; Nitrogen fertilizers; Irrigation requirements; Timing; Irrigation scheduling; Soil moisture; Crop yield; Grain; Yield components; Water stress; Water use efficiency; Heading; Crop growth stage; Tillering; Irrigated farming Abstract: Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes. Relationships between water and fertilizer needs are not well defined. Field studies were conducted to determine: (i) the interacting effects of N fertilization and irrigation on N and P needs, wheat yields, and yield components; and (ii) the effects of timing of water deficit periods on N and P needs, wheat yields, and yield components. Studies were conducted on a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). Respective N and P rates ranged from 0 to 210 kg ha-1 and 0 to 40 kg ha-1. Irrigations were applied or withheld to allow the crop to be nonstressed (I-1), stressed during heading and grain filling (I-2), stressed during tillering and jointing (I-3), and stressed throughout spring (I-4). Two-year average data showed that 140 kg N ha-1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on treatment I-1, while 70 kg N ha-1 was sufficient on treatments on I-2 and I-3, and no N response occurred on treatment I-4. Compared to treatment I-1, grain yields were 27, 32, and 52% less on treatments I-3, I-2, and I-4, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased with increments of N through 140 kg ha-1 on treatment I-1, and through 70 kg ha-1 on treatments I-2, and I-3 but applied N did not affect WUE on treatment I-4. In 1981, WUE was highest on treatment I-1 and lowest on treatment I-4; in 1982, however, WUE was highest on treatment I-4 and lowest on treatments I-1 and I-3. For limited irrigation, irrigating during tillering and jointing would be preferable to allowing stress then, and irrigating during heading and grain filling, because there is still potential for high yields if precipitation occurs during heading and grain filing. 261 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990 Xeriscape: fad, fiction or state-of-the-art. Welsh, D.F. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 186; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigation; Landscaping; Water use efficiency 262 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371 Xeriscapes wilt without teamwork: a California water official calls for industry cooperation in producing efficient landscapes. Baetz, R.L. Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Co; 1988 Jun01. American nurseryman v. 167 (11): p. 46-48, 50, 52. ill; 1988 Jun01. Language: English Descriptors: California; Landscape architecture; Xeric regimes; Water conservation; Irrigation systems; Water budget 263 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12 Yield and quality of processing tomatoes in response to irrigation rate and schedule. Sanders, D.C.; Howell, T.A.; Hile, M.M.S.; Hodges, L.; Meek, D.; Phene, C.J. Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1989 Nov. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v. 114 (6): p. 904-908; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Processing; Cultivars; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Yield response functions; Fruit; Quality; Characteristics; Water use efficiency; Furrow irrigation Abstract: Field studies were conducted on a Typic Xerorthents Entiosols soil (Hanford sandy loam) to determine the response of two cultivars of processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to trickle irrigation applied at three percentages of evapotranspiration (ET) to either the top of the plant row or between the beds using a traveling irrigation system. Irrigation was terminated when fruits were either 30% or 70% red 14 or 7 days before harvest). Yields of red tomatoes and total tomatoes increased with increasing trickle irrigation water. The concentrations of soluble solids (SSC) and total solids (TS) and pH decreased with increasing trickle irrigation rates, while color, fruit size, and acidity increased, as did the yield of SSC and TS per hectare. Placement of trickle irrigation on the plant row was more favorable than placement in the furrow between the beds for yield and quality characteristics. Trickle irrigation to 70% ET terminated 7 days before harvest produced responses similar to conventional furrow irrigation. Although statistically these treatments could not he compared directly to conventional furrow, all traveling trickle irrigation rates were superior in water use efficiency to that of the conventional furrow irrigation. Trickle irrigation rates of 35% ET, 70% ET, and 105% ET did not differ in water use efficiency. Chemical names used: 2(a- naphthoxy)- N,N-diethyl propionamide (napropamide); S-propyl butylethiocarbamate pebulate). 264 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Yield enhancement in cotton by frequent irrigations during fruiting. Radin, J.W.; Reaves, L.L.; Mauney, J.R.; French, O.F. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul. Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 551-557; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Crop growth stage; Fruiting; Water use efficiency; Water uptake; Root systems; Crop yield; Yield increases; Bolls; Leaf water potential Abstract: Daily drip irrigation often increases yield and water-use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) compared to conventional irrigations applied at long intervals. A 2 yr experiment was designed to test whether these benefits could be achieved without using an expensive drip system. Cotton was irrigated every 10 d in the first year and every 14 days in the second year (control treatment). A supplemental irrigation was applied during either one or two long irrigation cycles coinciding with peak fruiting. The total amount of water applied was minimally changed from the control because other irrigations were reduced to compensate for the supplementation. Another treatment was drip- irrigated daily throughout most of the season. One supplement increased seedcotton yield 15% over the control, and two supplements increased it 25%, compared to a 40% yield increase with drip irrigation. These three treatments increased crop water-use efficiency (yield per unit applied water plus rainfall) by 12, 22 and 50%, respectively. Yield increases were associated with a lengthened period of profuse flowering and a delay in the onset of cutout. Both drip irrigation and mid-cycle supplements increased midday leaf water potential and apparent hydraulic conductance of the plants for an extended period during fruiting, indicating enhanced water uptake and transport capacity compared to plants on long cycles. The results show that a drip system is not necessary for substantial improvements of yield and water-use efficiency. Doubling the number of irrigations for a short period during peak fruiting achieved much of the benefits of drip irrigation. Author Index Abdulmumin, S. 36 Adato, I. 115 Aillery, M.P. 244 Al-Ghamdi, A.S. 55 Al-Noaim, A.A. 55 Alexander, W.L. 142 Allen, R.R. 95, 179, 224 Allen, S.G. 202 Andreoni, V. 3 Ayars, J.E. 130 Ayars, James E. 124 Ayer, H. 199 Ayisi, K.K. 200 Backhaus, R.A. 142 Baetz, R.L. 262 Baird, C.D. 174 Bassett, D.L. 167 Beard, J.B. 20 Beattie, D. 72 Beede, R. 252 Beede, R.H. 110 Beeson, R.C. Jr 4 Bender, G.S. 11 Benoit, L.F. 66 Benzioni, A. 56 Bernardo, D.J. 59, 167 Bernardo, Daniel J. 90 Berry, J.W. 123 Bhuiyan, S.I. 240 Bishnoi, K.C. 87 Biswas, M.R. 92 Bogle, C.R. 26 Bolger, T.P. 256 Bonfanti, P. 3 Boodt, M. de 245 Bordovsky, D.G. 242 Bordovsky, J.P. 33, 35 Borrachero, L.M. 85 Bos, M.G. 156, 231 Bosch, D.J. 14 Bowman, D.C. 88 Bowman, J.A. 126 Braden, J.B. 12 Braunworth, W.S. Jr 38 Bresler, E. 37, 53, 169 Britton, C.M. 79 Broner, I. 230 Brooks, D.H. 40 Brothers, K. 173 Buchleiter, G.W. 86, 172 Bucks, D.A. 104, 123, 142, 202 Buller, O.H. 157 Burger, D.W. 138 Burt, C.M. 1 Byth, D.E. 127 California, Office of Water Conservation, Panoche Water and Drainage District (Calif.),Water Management Research Laboratory (U.S.) 124 Carbonell, X. 64 Carr, M.K.V. 5, 192, 239 Carter, C.E. 181 Carter, R.C. 239 Cassel, D.K. 137 Cassman, K.G. 238 Caswell, M. 67 Cevik, B. 25 Chakravorty, U. 74 Chartzoulakis, K.S. 237 Chaudhry, N. 62 Chesness, J. 215 Chu, S.T. 31 Clark, G.A. 24, 109, 122 Clemmens, A.J. 140 Clyma, W. 70 Coder, K.D. 226 Comis, D.� 151 Cone, D. 91, 113 Copeland, K.S. 210 Corbett, E.G. 16 Corliss, J. 98 Cotner, S. 76 Cramer, C. 48 Craw, G. 71 Crocker, T.E. 109 Crosswhite, William M. 49 Cummings, R.G. 225 Daffonchio, D. 3 Dagan, G. 169 Davies, F.T. Jr 178 Davis, K.R. 218, 254 Devitt, D.A. 15, 88 Devries, J.J. 30 Dickason, Clifford 49 Dijkhuis, F.J. 57 Dinar, A. 52 Doty, C.W. 41 Downing, J.D. 131 Duble, R.L. 144 Dusek, D.A. 51, 210 Dutta, S.C. 92 Dvorak, G.J. 157 Dwelle, R.B. 6 Dysko, J. 54 Eck, H.V. 260 Eftekharzadeh, S. 222 Eheart, J.W. 12 Ekholt, B.A. 128 El-Gayer, A.M. 207 Elliott, G.C. 72 Ells, J.E. 136, 197, 198 Engle, M. 97, 229, 232 Engle, M.M. 11, 73, 141 Entz, M.H. 191 Ervin, R.T. 50, 148 Evans, R.O. 129, 137, 183 Fangmeier, D.D. 222 Fare, D.C. 160 Faroda, A.S. 62 Farquhar, G.D. 175 Feinerman, E. 53, 169 Field, L.A. 200 Finch, C. 76 Finke, W.W. Jr 84 Fipps, G. 22, 145, 203 Forti, M. 56 Fouss, J.L. 181 Fowler, D.B. 191 Frank, A.B. 103 Franklin, D.R. 214 French, O.F. 264 Fukai, S. 101 Fulton, A. 221, 223, 252 Fulton, A.E. 110, 185 Futter, H. 69 Gamez, S. 72 Gardner, B.R. 104, 202 Garside, A.L. 127 Gathman, A.C. 120 Gerard, C.J. 242 Gertsis, A.C. 154, 155 Ghobrial, N.S. 156 Ghosh, S. 234 Gilliam, C.H. 160 Glover, T.F. 77 Goble, G.G. 206 Goell, A. 23 Goerend, D.T. 150 Goldhamer, D.A. 185 Goldhamer, David Alan 134 Gollehon, N. 234 Gollehon, Noel R. 21 Gonzalez, J.F. 85 Goto, A. 39 Grassi, C.J. 81 Grattan, S.R. 257 Graves, J.W. 50 Graves, W.L. 238 Greenberg, A. 159 Grieve, A.M. 249 Grimes, D.W. 2 Grismer, M.E. 42 Grumbine, A. 111 Hackwell, S.G. 190 Hall, N. 118 Haman, D.Z. 122, 174, 201 Hanchar, John J. 236 Hanson, B.R. 13, 94, 185, 220, 221, 223 Harbaugh, B.K. 180 Harivandi, M.A. 83 Harman, W.L. 51 Hartin, J. 121 Hartz, T.K. 26, 46 Hatfield, J.L. 154, 155 Havanagi, G.N. 177 Hawkins, T. 1 Haynes, C.A. 128 Haynes, M. 107 Hays, D.M. 150 Hedge, D.M. 177 Hedlund, J.D. 258 Hefner, S.G. 65 Henderson, D.W. 30 Henggeler, J.C. 45 Hile, M.M.S. 263 Hill, K. 148 Hills, D.J. �220 Hobson, J. 69 Hochmuth, G.J. 109 Hodges, L. 263 Hohn, C. 44, 93 Holcomb, E.J. 72 Honeycutt, S. 158 Hons, F.M. 242 Hopkins, H.J. 155 Hornbaker, R.H. 47 Hou, L. 187 Howell, T.A. 209, 210, 263 Hubick, K.T. 175 Hunt, J.H. 129, 183 Hussain, G. 55 Hutmacher, R.B. 130, 218, 254 Hutton, J.D. 50 International Food Policy Research Institute 96 Inthapan, P. 101 Irrigation Association 139 Israeli, I. 27 Izuno, F.T. 201 Jensen, E.H. 63, 84, 241 Jermar, M.K. 164 Johnson, R.C. 17 Kabashima, J.N. 117 Kah, G. 75 Kah, G.F. 133 Kakudo, H. 18 Kaniszewski, S. 54 Karn, J.F. 103 Kaska, N. 25 Katzer, T. 173 Keever, G.J. 160 Keith, J.E. 77 Kerridge, P.C. 246 Khair, A. 92 Khalid, M. 133 Kim, C.S. 235 Kimbell, M.K. 63 Kimpel, B.C. 126 Kirby, C. 205 Kling, C.L. 243 Knapp, K.C. 52 Knox, G.W. 4, 250 Knutson, A. 22 Koo, R.C.J. 68 Kourik, Robert 99 Krieg, D.R. 34, 154, 155 Kromm, D.E. 188 Kruse, E.G. 136, 197, 198 Laker, M.C. 58 Lalymenko, L.A. 176 Lalymenko, N.K. 176 Lamack, W.F. 7 Lamack, William F., 208 Lanini, W.T. 257 Laryea, K.B. 184 Lascano, R.J. 33 Lawn, R.J. 127 Leeds-Harrison, P.B. 239 Leeuwen, H.M. van 156 Leibrock, F.R. 230 Letey, J. 52 Levinson, B. �115 Lichtenberg, E. 67 Little, G.E. 220 Liu, Ch'ang-ming 248 Locascio, S.J. 109 Lou, P. 187 Lucas, K. 106 Lyle, W.M. 33, 35, 148, 149, 163 Lyon, J.G. 227 Mack, H.J. 38 MacLean, J.T. 43 Maclean, J.T. 253 Mahannah, C.N. 63, 84 Malano, H.M. 10 Mallawaarachchi, T. 118 Mancino, C.F. 189 Mandal, M.A.S. 92 Manges, H.L. 157 Mantel, A.B. 130 Mapp, H.P. 47 Marfa, O. 64 Martin, D.L. 166 Martinez Gerstl, G.A. 77 Masters, R.A. 79 Matches, A.G. 256 Maticic, B. 182 Matocha, J.E. 242 Mauney, J.R. 246, 264 McCauley, G.N. 162 McCormick, R.L. 254 McGriff, T.L. 120 McGuckin, J.T. 234 McPhail, K. 193 McSay, A.E. 136, 197, 198 Meek, D. 263 Mehta, B.K. 39 Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela 96 Michelakis, N.G. 237 Miller, P.R. 238 Miller, W.W. 63, 84, 241 Mills, D. 56 Moore, J.F. 196 Moore, R.E. 131 Morgan, D.D.V. 5 Morris, R.L. 88, 217 Morrow, M.R. �34 Muchow, R.C. 127 Mueller-Beilschmidt, Peter 259 Mujumdar, P.P. 168 Musick, J.T. 51, 95, 179, 224 Myer, G.L. 241 Myers, S. 215 Nakayama, F.S. 104 Narayanan, R. 214, 241 Natarajan, B. 32 Negri, D.H. 40 Negri, Donald H. 236 Nel, A.A. 57 Nelson, J.M. 120, 123 Nercissiantz, V. 225 New, L. 22, 132, 145 New, L.L. 203 Nicholson, R.A. 150 Niemiera, A.X. 7 Northup, B.K. 150 Nunez, C. 26 O'Brien, R. 19 O'Connell, N.V. 206 Oster, J.D. 185, 211 Palanisami, K. 82 Panoras, A. 94 Papritan, J.C. 227 Parnell, J.R. 170 Parsons, J. 76 Parsons, J.E. 41 Parsons, L.R. 109 Patto, M. 10 Paydas, S. 25 Peacock, W.L. 206 Peavy, L. 29 Pegarra, E. 163 Pehrson, J.E. 206 Pekmezci, M. 25 Peng, S. 155 Penuelas, J. 64 Perry, R. 69 Petrac, M. 182 Pfeiffer, Robert 49 Pfost, D.L. 158 Phene, C. 211 Phene, C.J. 185, 213, 218, 254, 263 Phene, R.C.� 110 Phillips, B. 118 Pierzgalski, Edward 186 Pittenger, D. 121 Pitts, D.J. 122 Plusquellec, H.L. 193 Polti, C. 193 Prevatt, J.W. 24 Prichard, T.L. 161 Priel, Vivian R. 248 Pringle, H.C. III 194 Pruyne, R. 152 Putnam, D.H. 200 Quiggin, J. 195 Radin, J.W. 246, 264 Raheja, S.K. 114 Raja, V. 87 Rao, N.H. 135 Read, J.J. 63 Reaves, L.L. 264 Rees, D.H. 135 Reeves, H.E. 247 Regier, C. 61 Reinemann, D.J. 133 Richardson, Gail 259 Rieger, M. 215 Roberts, R. 76 Rochester, E.W. 190 Rodrigo, J. �85 Rogers, J.S. 181 Roth, R.L. 104, 202 Roumasset, J. 74 Sadaphal, P.M. 32 Saleth, R.M. 12 Sampath, R.K. 114, 143 Sanders, D.C. 263 Saqib, G.S. 133 Save, R. 64 Saxena, M.C. 60 Saxton, K.E. 167 Schaible, G.D. 235 Scheerens, J.C. 120, 123 Schmidt, Heidi 99 Schneider, A.D. 132, 209, 210 Schrale, Gerrit 124 Schulbach, K.F. 108 Schwanki, L.J. 94, 223 Schwankl, L. 221 Schwankl, L.J. 83, 257 Seckler, D. 114 Segarra, E. 50, 148 Senga, Y. 18 Serrano, L. 64 Severin, M.A. 166 Shainberg, I. 58 Shalhevet, Joseph 248 Shane, R.L. 84 Shani, Y. 53 Sharma, S. 78 Shaw, D.A. 83 Sheesley, W.R. 2 Shih, S.F. 212 Shock, C. 69 Silim, S.N. 60 Simmons, F.W. 126 Singh, H. 62 Singh, K.B. 60 Singh, T. 62 Skaggs, R.W. 41 Skaini, M. 89 Smajstrla, A.G. 122 Smerdon, E.T. 233 Smith, C.J. 102 Smith, R. 161 Smith, R.B. 211 Sneed, R.E. 129, 137, 183 Snyder, D.L. 77 Snyder, R.L. 83, 204 Snyder, Richard L. 134 Solorzano, G.I.R. de 81 Sorlini, C. 3 Srinivas, K. 177 Sritharan, S.I. 70 Stanley, C.D. 24, 109, 180 Stark, J.C. 6 Statham, M.L. Sr 219 Steiner, J.J. 130 Stephens, W. 192 Stern, R. 58 Stewart, B.A. 51 Stockwin, W. 112, 228 Stone, J.F. 247 Street, J.E. 194 Strooper, E. B. A. de 245 Supalla, R.J. 166 Surrowitz, S.D. 105 Svendsen, Mark, 96 Swisher, J. 69 Tardieu, H. 9 Tekinel, O. 25 Temple, P.J. 66 Thompson, A.L. 158 Thompson, S.A. 171 Thomsen, C.D. 238 Tjosvold, S.A. 108 Tod, I.C. 30, 42 Tracy, P.W. 65 Trimmer, W.L. 8, 80 Triplett, C.M. 163 Tsegaye, T. 247 Undersander, D.J. 61 Unger, P.W. 242 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service 21, 90, 236 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Resources and Technology Division 49 United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund 37 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources 146 University of California (System), Committee of Consultants on Drainage Water Reduction, University of California (System), Salinity/Drainage Task Force, California Water Resources Center 165 University of California (System), Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources 134 Upchurch, D.R. 33 Vail, S.S. 130 Van Der Merwe, A.J. 58 Vedula, S. 168 Verdegaal, P. 161 Verplancke, H. J. W. 245 Villa, M. 3 Vlotman, W.F. 222 Wade, R. 153 Wahdan, A.A. 207 Wallender, W.W. 30p Ward, A.D. 227 Weiler, T.C. 100 Weinberg, M. 243 Welch, W.C. 144 Welsh, D. 76 Welsh, D.F. 144, 261 Wendt, C.W. 242 Whiffen, H.J.H. 174 Whitcomb, C. 251 White, B. 255 White, S.E. 188 Whittlesey, N.K 235 Whittlesey, N.K. 167 Whittlesey, Norman K. 90 Wichelns, D. 91, 113 Wilcox, D. 147 Wildman, A.M. 206 Wildman, W.E. 206 Wilen, J.E. 243 Wiley, P.L. 2 Williams, J.R. 157 Williams, W.A. 238 Wilson, I.B. 102 Winter, S.R. 116 Wolters, W. 156, 231 Wright, G.C. 102, 175 Wright, J. 200 Xu, Yuexian 248 Yaylali, N. 25 Yoo, K.H. 190 Zazueta, F.S. 201 Zekri, M. 68 Zheng, Y.B. 241 Zilberman, D. 67 Zimet, D. 250 Zoldoske, D. 28 Subject Index Accuracy 149 Adjuvants 162 Agricultural chemicals 21 Agricultural development 89 Agricultural engineering 227 Agricultural land 171, 176 Agricultural pollution 165 Agricultural prices 235 Agricultural production 97 Agricultural sector 32 Agriculture 214 Agropyron 103 Alabama 190 Alaska 234 Ammonium nitrogen 65 Ammonium sulfate 65 Anaerobic digestion 3 Analysis of covariance 5 Antitranspirants 6 Application 10, 21, 57, 189, 207 Application date 65, 70 Application depth 59, 70 Application methods 7, 105, 149, 172 Application rates 7, 72, 83, 105, 162, 170, 241 Application to land 140, 241 Appropriate technology 150 Aquifers 29, 173 Arachis hypogaea 175 Areas 215 Arid climate 2, 88, 246 Arid lands 89 Arid zones 62, 176 Arizona 70, 104, 106, 123, 128, 131, 189, 199, 246, 258, 264 Asia 143 Australia 10, 195 Authority 153 Automatic irrigation 213 Automatic irrigation systems 10, 196 Automation 84 Available water capacity 38 Backfilling 182 Bangladesh 92 Basin irrigation 25 Bedding 224 Beliefs 188 Beta vulgaris 116 Bibliographies 43 Biomass 79, 212 Biomass production 104 Boll 34 Bolls 264 Border irrigation 10d Brassica campestris 87, 176 Brassica juncea 62 Brassica oleracea var. capitata 136 Cabt 39, 109, 117, 133, 147, 179, 189, 194, 247 Calcium 206 Calibration 151 California 1, 2, 11, 42, 46, 52, 67, 73, 75, 91, 94, 99, 99, 107, 110, 112, 113, 117, 130, 131, 185, 204, 206, 211, 218, 220, 223, 228, 229, 232, 251, 252, 254, 257, 262, 263 Camellia sinensis 192 Canals 9, 92, 153 Canopy 4, 66, 155, 177 Capacity 201 Capillary irrigation 180 Carbon 17 Carya illinoensis 44, 93 Case studies 18, 117, 225 Catchment planning 106 Cell differentiation 65 Center pivot irrigation 22, 50, 86, 145, 172, 203 Centrifugal pumps 19, 174, 201 Characteristics 40, 263 Charges 231 Chemical composition 25, 116 China 187 Cicer arietinum 60 Citrullus lanatus 177 Citrus 23, 68, 109, 118, 206 Citrus sinensis 249 Clay loam soils 58, 95, 116 Clay soils 15, 42, 154, 155, 194 Climate 40 Climatic factors 126, 153 Coefficient of determination 36 Coefficient of relationship 53 Colombia 193 Colorado 27, 29, 86, 188, 197, 198, 230 Comparisons 247 Computer analysis 136, 167 Computer applications 28, 197, 213 Computer simulation 47, 181, 222 Computer software 1, 28, 136, 157, 204 Concentration 113 Conferences 97 Conservation tillage 163, 245 Constraints 32 Construction 194 Consultants 188 Container gardening 208 Container grown plants 4, 7, 160 Containers 4 Cooperation 199 Cost analysis 24, 143, 150 Cost benefit analysis 8, 13, 82, 92, 122, 125, 148 Cost control 75 Costs 30, 45, 50, 122, 185, 211, 231 Cotton 67 Coverage 5, 71 Cracking 42 Crop enterprises 118 Crop growth stage 168, 175, 260, 264 Crop management 6 Crop production 24, 50, 110, 117, 135, 147, 159, 164, 240 Crop quality 6, 25, 68, 79, 116, 123 Crop yield 2, 6, 8, 12, 26, 34, 35, 38, 45, 46, 50, 55, 57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 78, 79, 85, 116, 120, 123, 130, 135, 142, 149, 154, 162, 164, 185, 191, 193, 197, 198, 200, 215, 218, 241, 242, 247, 249, 254, 256, 260, 264 Crop yields 37 Cropping systems 164, 193 Crops 113, 171 Crops and water 37, 245 Crude protein 79, 200 Crusts 162 Cucumis sativus 198 Cucurbita 120 Cucurbita foetidissima 120, 123 Cucurbita pepo 136 Cultivars 2, 60, 101, 102, 142, 175, 191, 202, 228, 263 Cultural methods 102, 112 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba 142 Cynodon dactylon 15, 88 Dams 9 Daucus carota 130, 197 Decision making 40, 47, 53, 140, 166, 168, 169, 195, 213, 235, 243 Deep percolation 42 Demand functions 74 Denitrification 65 Density 4 Depth 140 Deserts 176 Design 30, 84 Design criteria 19 Developing countries 70, 143 Development projects 143 Dicyandiamide 65 Digestibility 103 Dikes 58, 194 Discing 112 Dispersion 5 Distribution 71, 73, 140, 207 Diurnal variation 39 Double cropping 135 Drain pipes 42 Drainage 41, 67, 165, 182, 223, 227, 239, 243 Drainage water 52, 94, 113, 176, 185 Drought 18, 77, 91, 97 Drought resistance 6, 175, 178� Dry conditions 62 Dry farming 34, 51, 256 Dry matter 176 Dry matter accumulation 79, 191 Dry season 135 Dynamic programming 166 East asia 153 Econometric models 53, 235 Economic aspects 49, 90 Economic evaluation 53 Economic factors 52 Economic impact 51 Economic sociology 233 Economic viability 50, 174 Efficiency 3, 4, 10, 12, 13, 19, 30, 32, 42, 44, 71, 73, 78, 93, 114, 129, 133, 174, 181, 182, 183, 201, 207, 209, 214, 228, 257 Egypt 70, 156 Electric motors 183 Electricity 32 Energy conservation 13, 27, 48, 86, 105, 129, 137, 148, 222, 223, 230 Energy consumption 32, 78, 133 Energy cost of production 77 Energy requirements 132 Energy resources 77 Environmental policy 67 Equations 18, 164 Equipment 228 Eragrostis curvula 79 Erosion 98 Erosion control 69, 98 Estimation 80 Euphorbia pulcherrima 180 Evaluation 73, 83, 114 Evaporation 108, 115, 247 Evapotranspiration 2, 6, 28, 38, 66, 87, 88, 104, 116, 126, 142, 154, 155, 179, 180, 192, 202, 210, 212, 218, 241, 254, 256 Experimental design 192 Experimental stations 188 Fallow 242 Farm inputs 67 Farm management 67, 195, 243 Farm size 12 Farm storage 39 Farmers 188, 231 Farmers' attitudes 53, 153, 188 Farmland 67 Farms 30, 85 Feasibility studies 50 Fees 52 Fertigation 22, 64, 72, 218 Fertilizer application 260 Fertilizer-pesticide mixtures 21 Fertilizers 21, 57 Fertirrigation 219 Festuca arundinacea 17 Field capacity 38, 126 Fields 169 Filters 182 Fixed costs 24 Flood irrigation 93 Flooded rice 65, 194 Florida 4, 24, 68, 105, 109, 122, 159, 170, 174, 212, 250 Foliar diagnosis 68 Food crops 164 Forage 176 Fragaria ananassa 64, 85 France 9 Frequency 105, 127 Frost a106 Fruit 25, 115, 263 Fruit crops 109 Fruit trees 73, 215, 216 Fruiting 246, 264 Fruits 46, 64 Furrow irrigation 26, 48, 51, 61, 65, 69, 81, 94, 98, 102, 177, 185, 221, 222, 224, 247, 263 Furrows 95 Game theory 12 Gardening 76 Gas exchange 17, 155 Genotypes 17, 62 Geographical distribution 188 Glycine max 48, 102, 126, 127, 162 Gossypium 33, 45, 149, 154, 155, 163, 242 Gossypium hirsutum 34, 35, 148, 185, 202, 211, 246, 264 Government 143 Government policy 21 Grain 58, 65, 191, 224, 260 Grapes 118 Gravity 193 Greenhouse culture 72, 100 Greenhouse experimentation 54, 237 Greenhouses 152 Groundwater 40, 188, 199 Groundwater level 173 Groundwater pollution 16 Growth 56, 72, 101, 106, 115, 178 Growth habit 102 Growth models 47, 135, 197 Growth rate 57, 58, 79, 103, 123, 175, 191 Guidelines 119 Gypsum blocks 29, 237 Harvest index 175 Harvesting 241 Haryana 62, 87 Heading 65, 260 Heat sums 34 Hedera helix 72 Helianthus annuus 55 Herbage 79 High water tables 24 Highlands 192 Historical records 173 History 214 Horticultural crops 109 Hybrids 176, 179 Hydraulic systems 19, 36 Hydraulics 10, 41, 70 Hydrophobicity 162 Idaho 6, 235 Ilex crenata 250 Ilex vomitoria 250 Illinois 12, 126 Improvement 159 Incentives 52 India 32, 78, 114, 153 Infiltration 58, 94, 95, 140, 206, 221 Information 169 Information services 188 Information systems 251 Innovation adoption 23, 47, 67, 188, 235 Innovations 117, 196 Input output analysis 78 Insecticides 22 Installations 45 Intensification 193 Interactions 34, 191 Internal combustion engines 183 International comparisons 239 International cooperation 97 Investment 118 Irrigated conditions 17, 20, 46, 62, 88, 104, 112, 154, 155 Irrigated farming 10, 34, 38, 40, 67, 78, 85, 118, 164, 199, 233, 260 Irrigated sites 156 Irrigated soils 176 Irrigation 1, 4, 9, 14, 23, 29, 36, 42, 49, 60, 66, 68, 72, 77, 80, 89, 92, 96, 97, 100, 110, 112, 113, 117, 121, 122, 126, 127, 128, 131, 138, 139, 144, 158, 159, 161, 163, 171, 175, 179, 184, 188, 192, 214, 229, 234, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 251, 252, 253, 261 Irrigation canals and flumes 146 Irrigation channels 122 Irrigation efficiency 21, 37, 90, 96, 124, 134, 165, 186, 208, 236, 245, 248, 259, 259 Irrigation equipment 10, 19, 32, 84, 132, 145, 183, 223, 255 Irrigation farming 90, 236, 245 Irrigation requirements 63, 95, 113, 116, 120, 123, 140, 164, 168, 170, 180, 191, 197, 213, 256, 260 Irrigation scheduling 2, 7, 11, 23, 28, 33, 46, 47, 55, 58, 59, 61, 64, 79, 87, 88, 90, 91, 108, 115, 116, 119, 121, 123, 125, 126, 130, 134, 135, 136, 137, 142, 147, 153, 155, 164, 166, 167, 168, 180, 197, 198, 200, 202, 211, 213, 237, 241, 246, 260, 263, 264 Irrigation systems 6, 8, 11, 13, 24, 27, 30, 33, 35, 51, 52, 54, 56, 71, 72, 73, 75, 82, 83, 85, 94, 100, 105, 107, 114, 122, 129, 133, 138, 141, 148, 149, 151, 152, 156, 157, 160, 164, 167, 187, 190, 193, 201, 202, 205, 217, 220, 223, 232, 249, 250, 262 Irrigation water 12, 14, 15, 18, 30, 39, 52, 53, 58, 74, 76, 83, 95, 111, 119, 125, 126, 134, 140, 142, 143, 147, 156, 159, 165, 169, 170, 173, 189, 195, 196, 207, 222, 225, 226, 231, 235, 241, 243, 253, 258 Isotopes 17 Israel 23, 56, 115 Japan 18 Juglans 228, 252 Kansas 48, 150, 188 Karnataka 168 Labor costs 40, 84, 148, 216 Lakes 156 Land development 89 Land ownership 131 Land use 251 Landscape 76, 99 Landscape architecture 262 Landscape architecture in water conservation 99 Landscape gardening 121, 144 Landscaping 261 Law 199, 258 Law enforcement 153 Lawns and turf 20, 75, 83, 88, 189, 217 Leaching 15, 88, 111 Leaf area 4 Leaf water potential 60, 246, 264 Leaves 103 Lilium 72 Linings 92, 146 Lint 34, 154 Livestock 150 Loam soils 15, 154, 155 Local government 229 Location theory 74 Lolium multiflorum 238 Lolium perenne 88 Losses from soil 247 Losses from soil systems 65 Lupinus albus 200 Lycopersicon esculentum 26, 46, 54, 122, 218, 237, 254, 263 Lysimeters 36, 151, 209, 212 Maintenance 107, 148 Maize 12, 53 Management 251 Management by objectives 114 Marginal analysis 74, 143 Markets 12, 243 Mathematical models 38, 168, 180 Mathematics 241 Mauritius 205 Maximum yield 38, 256 Measurement 114, 259, 259 Medicago sativa 2, 63, 66, 125, 241, 256 Methane production 3 Methodology 80 Mexico 193, 225 Microcomputers 157 Microirrigation 109, 174 Millets 78 Mineral nutrition 68 Minimum tillage systems 48, 242 Minnesota 200 Mississippi 194 Missouri 65, 158 Mite control 22 Models 30, 166, 167 Molasses 116 Morocco 193 Mulching 26 Multiple cropping 78, 168 Musa 25 Myrica cerifera 250 Nebraska 188 Nevada 84, 88, 173, 241 New Mexico 93, 188 New South Wales 118, 249 New York 147 Nigeria 36 Nitrate nitrogen 65 Nitrification 65 Nitrogen 57 Nitrogen fertilizers 34, 104, 116, 191, 192, 254, 260 Nitrogen fixation 238 Nitrogen metabolism 65 Nitrogen uptake 34 Nonionic surfactants 162 North Carolina 41, 129, 137, 183 Northwest, Pacific 90, 90, 90 Nozzles 71, 151 Npk fertilizers 72, 79 Numerical analysis 42 Nurseries 117, 160, 219, 232 Nursery management 178 Nutrient content 65 Nutrient deficiencies 65 Nutrient requirements 72 Nutrient sources 65 Nutrient uptake 249 Oilseeds 120 Oklahoma 59, 247 Onobrychis viciifolia 256 Operating costs 84, 157 Operation 18 Operation on slopes 69 Optimization 8, 164, 169 Optimization methods 53 Orchards 23, 25, 44, 93, 107, 206, 252 Oregon 38, 69, 80, 235 Organizations 214 Ornamental plants 109, 170, 178 Oryza sativa 65, 101, 135, 240 Overhead irrigation 160, 178 Overhead sprayers 4 Ozone 66 Pakistan 8, 133 Panicles 65 Parthenium argentatum 56, 104 Pastures 244 Patterns 71, 207 Performance 10, 13, 114, 228 Performance appraisals 85, 193 Performance indexes 114 Performance testing3 5, 172, 174, 183 Performance traits 19 Permeability 95, 182 Persea Americana 11, 115 Pesticide application 149 Philippines 193, 240 Phosphogypsum 58 Phosphorus fertilizers 162, 254 Photinia fraseri 250 Photosynthesis 17, 155 Photovoltaic cells 174 Physical planning 53 Pine bark 7 Pittosporum tobira 4 Plains 188 Planning 18 Plant analysis 65 Plant composition 116 Plant density 57, 142 Plant development 87, 102 Plant effects 137 Plant height 79 Plant production 61, 102, 112, 228 Plant water relations 87, 102, 127, 178, 250 Planting date 179 Planting stock 16 Plants 177 Plants, Effect of water levels on 208 Plastic cladding 54 Plastic mulches 26 Pods 175 Pollution 67 Pollution by agriculture 111, 113 Polyacrylamide 58 Ponding 39 Potassium fertilizers 162, 254 Precipitation 241 Prediction 180 Preplanting treatment 61 Pressure 71, 105, 220 Price policy 52, 67 Prices 113 Probabilistic models 77 Probability analysis 40 Problem analysis 85, 187 Problem solving 85 Processing 263 Production functions 53, 195, 234, 241 Profit functions 40 Profitability 67 Profits 110, 185, 211 Program evaluation 89 Programs 244 Project appraisal 171, 258 Projects 36 Protein content 191, 200 Prunus amygdalus 112 Prunus persica 215 Public relations 232 Pumps 13, 32, 132, 133, 157, 183 Purity 116 Pyrolysis 3 Quality 103, 263 Queensland 101, 175 Questionnaires 231 Rain 78, 135, 137, 175, 181 Range management 150 Rangelands 150 Rate of wetting 5 Reclamation 239 Recovery 143 Recursive programming 47 Regional surveys 188 Regrowth 79 Remote sensing 227 Removal 3 Reproductive physiology 60 Reservoirs 18 Residues 3 Resins 104 Responses 170 Returns 50, 193 Rhizosphere 126 Rhododendron 4 Rice 78 Right of access 12, 233 Ripping 95 Risk 169 Risks 53, 59 River water 14 Rivers 9, 187, 195 Role perception 143 Root crops 123 Root distribution 15 Root hydraulic conductivity 246 Root systems 79, 123, 264 Rooting 87 Roots 116 Rosa 108 Rotations 176 Row spacing 120, 154, 155, 200, 202 Rubber 56, 104 Runoff 58, 111 Runoff irrigation 40 Runoff water 69, 89 Rural areas 229 Saccharum 205 Saccharum officinarum 212 Saline water 15, 89 Salinity 187, 195, 244 Salinization 258 Salt 113 Sandy loam soils 15, 142, 206 Sandy soils 24, 154, 176 Saskatchewan 191 Satellite imagery 227 Saudi arabia 55, 89 Savannas 36 Seasonal fluctuations 256 Seasonal growth 241 Seasonal variation 116, 135, 241 Seed production 60, 62, 120, 130, 142 Seed weight 200 Seeding 57 Seeds 130, 162, 200 Seepage 194 Selection criteria 19 Selenium 113 Self propelled irrigation systems 172 Semiarid climate 2 Semiarid climates 123 Semiarid soils 242 Semiarid zones 127, 184 Shadow prices 77 Shoot pruning 79 Silt 15 Simmondsia chinensis 106 Simulation 18 Simulation models 12, 14, 39, 41, 47, 59, 67, 74, 82, 135, 154, 182, 210, 213, 243 Size 4, 46 Soil 40, 227 Soil analysis 65 Soil and water conservation 48, 69, 242 Soil chemistry 65 Soil compaction 95, 112 Soil conservation 227 Soil depth 247 Soil management 95 Soil moisture 28, 62, 106, 186, 216, 259, 259, 260 Soil structure 58 Soil texture 252 Soil treatment 58 Soil treatments� 206 Soil types 126, 175 Soil water 33, 68, 127, 184, 192, 215, 224, 247 Soil water balance 88, 135, 205, 252 Soil water content 56, 58, 88, 116, 130, 137, 227, 241, 252 Soil water deficit 66 Soil water movement 42, 205, 223, 247 Soil water potential 64, 237 Soils, Irrigated 186 Solanum tuberosum 6, 69 Solar energy 174 Sorghum 47, 51, 59, 95, 242 Sorghum bicolor 61, 179, 224, 247 Southern plains states of U.S.A. 188 Sowing date 60, 101 Soybeans 78 Spacing 4, 42, 59, 71 Spain 64, 85 Spatial distribution 160 Spatial variation 74, 169 Spraylines 5 Spring 200 Sprinkler irrigation 2, 4, 5, 31, 40, 47, 50, 53, 57, 83, 84, 101, 140, 148, 149, 162, 200, 204, 207, 209, 210, 222, 256 Sri lanka 135 Starch 123 Starch crops 123 State government 229 Statistics 80, 129 Stems 103 Stochastic models 169, 234 Stochastic processes 53, 59 Stomatal resistance 246 Storage 224 Straw 98 Straw mulches 69 Stream flow 14 Structural change 233 Structure 214 Subsurface drainage 42, 113, 124, 181 Subsurface irrigation 24, 26, 122, 181, 185, 211, 212, 218, 219, 257 Sucrose 116 Sudan 193 Sugar extraction quality 116 Sulfur coated urea 65 Surface irrigation 70, 140, 202, 230 Surface treatment 58 Surface water 187 Surveys 85, 171, 231, 234 Syria 60 Systems 30 Tagetes erecta 7 Tamil nadu 82 Tanks 82 Tanzania 192 Taxes 74 Teaching materials 227 Techniques 117, 228 Technology 23, 40, 47, 118, 235 Temperature 177 Temperature relations 66 Tennessee 219 Tensiometers 137, 198, 205, 237 Tests 35 Texas 22, 33, 34, 35, 45, 50, 51, 61, 76, 116, 132, 144, 145, 148, 151, 154, 155, 162, 179, 203, 209, 210, 224, 242, 256, 260 Thailand 39, 193 Thermal efficiency 132 Thermometers 66 Tillage 61, 190, 224 Tillering 65, 260 Timing 34, 57, 260 Topography 40 Trade publications 188 Transpiration 175, 246 Trees 121 Trends 214 Trickle irrigation 7, 16, 24, 25, 26, 43, 44, 45, 46, 56, 67, 85, 115, 122, 130, 140, 147, 177, 202, 205, 206, 215, 216, 218, 219, 228, 230, 232, 237, 246, 254, 257, 263, 264 Trifolium alexandrinum 238 Triticum 242 Triticum aestivum 36, 57, 58, 191, 260 Tropics 127, 184 Trunks 115 Tube wells 187 Tubes 31 Turkey 25 Turkmen ssr 176 U.S.A. 40, 157, 171, 181, 225, 233, 243, 244, 261 United States 21, 21, 21, 21, 49, 49, 49, 146, 146 Universities 188 Urban areas 121, 229 Urea 65 Urea ammonium nitrate 65 Usage 188 Use efficiency 143, 162, 169 Utah 77, 125 Utilization 135 Validity 135 Variable costs 24 Variance 140 Variation 220 Varietal effects 191 Varietal reactions 2 Vegetables 76, 109, 147 Venezuela 81 Victoria 102 Vineyards 206 Virginia 14 Vitis 161 Volatilization 65 Washington 17, 167, 235 Waste treatment 3 Waste utilization 226 Waste water 68, 189, 226 Waste water disposal 176 Water 73, 113 Water absorption 112, 221 Water advance 94 Water allocation 14, 74, 77, 166, 167, 168, 199, 241, 243 Water availability 77, 168, 193 Water balance 115, 156 Water budget 262 Water composition and quality 178, 244 Water conservation 8, 16, 18, 20, 23, 27, 29, 31, 40, 41, 43, 49, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 80, 88, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 117, 118, 119, 125, 129, 131, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 144, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 158, 159, 166, 167, 170, 173, 180, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 194, 196, 199, 203, 211, 216, 217, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 239, 244, 245, 253, 258, 262 Water content 177 Water costs 40, 52, 53, 67, 74, 143, 187, 225 Water deficit 7, 60, 64, 173, 175, 192 Water distribution 30, 91, 193, 220, 222 Water flow 70, 80 Water harvesting 106, 184 Water law 233 Water management 8, 9, 29, 41, 52, 65, 81, 82, 86, 88, 97, 114, 128, 129, 142, 148, 156, 164, 179, 181, 188, 202, 228, 229, 239, 240, 244, 252, 257 Water policy 214, 225, 235, 243 Water pollution 111, 113, 258 Water potential 2 Water quality 243 Water relations 17 Water requirements 23, 30, 36, 38, 43, 44, 104, 110, 130, 171, 173, 184, 189, 224, 240, 247 Water reservoirs 14, 168 Water resource management 51, 89, 199, 214, 258 Water resources 173 Water reuse 15, 232 Water soluble compounds 206 Water stress 2, 6, 23, 56, 66, 123, 161, 166, 175, 260 Water supplies 34, 233 Water supply 135, 239 Water table 41, 157, 181 Water troughs 150 Water uptake 15, 87, 102, 224, 246, 247, 249, 264 Water use 18, 30, 33, 62, 66, 111, 117, 126, 130, 152, 173, 181, 189 Water use efficiency 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17, 24, 25, 26, 28, 34, 36, 38, 39, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 91, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 112, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128, 130, 136, 140, 142, 147, 148, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 164, 166, 168, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 187, 191, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206, 210, 212, 213, 215, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 231, 232, 234, 237, 238, 240, 241, 243, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 260, 261, 263, 264 Water yield 70 Water, Underground 49, 96, 124 Waterlogging 187 Watersheds 12, 14, 41 Weather data 251 Weed control 257 Weeds 200 Weight 64 Wells 89 West (U.S.) 259, 259 Western australia 127 Western states of U.S.A. 214 Wet season 135 Wheat 78 Winter wheat 260 Wood 3 Woody plants 178 Xeric regimes 262 Xerophytes 120 Yield components 34, 38, 175, 200, 260 Yield factors 102 Yield increases 60, 202, 203, 264 Yield losses 2 Yield response functions 25, 34, 38, 54, 64, 104, 115, 120, 125, 177, 191, 192, 205, 210, 224, 237, 263 Yields 14, 51, 56, 62, 101, 104, 108, 110, 115, 161, 169, 211, 212 Yugoslavia 182 Zea mays 38, 48, 50, 126, 210, 234, 242 ************************************************************* Irrigating Efficiently SEARCH STRATEGY Set Items Description === ===== ============ S1 19650 SH=P210 S2 23 (LOW()ENERGY()PRECISION()APPLICATION OR LEPA)/TI,DE,ID S3 6271 (EFFICIENCY OR WATER()CONSERVATION)/DE,ID S4 6291 S2 OR S3 S5 604 S1 AND S4 S6 598 RD S5 (unique items) S7 279 S6 AND PY=(1988 OR 1989 OR 1990 OR 1991 OR 1992 OR 1993 OR 1994) *************************************************************** NAL DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICES June 1993 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Public Services Division Document Delivery Services Branch Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 The National Agricultural Library has established document delivery service policies for three user categories. They are 1) individuals; 2) libraries, other information centers, and commercial organizations; and 3) foreign libraries, information centers, and commercial organizations. Available services for each user category are given below. For information on electronic access for interlibrary loan requests, the "Interlibrary Loan" file. 1) DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICES TO INDIVIDUALS The National Agricultural Library (NAL) supplies agricultural materials not found elsewhere to other libraries. Filling requests for materials readily available from other sources diverts NAL's resources and diminishes its ability to serve as a national source for agricultural and agriculturally related materials. Therefore, NAL is viewed as a library of last resort. SUBMIT REQUESTS FIRST TO LOCAL OR STATE LIBRARY SOURCES PRIOR TO SENDING TO NAL. In the United States, possible sources are public libraries, land-grant university or other large research libraries within a state. In other countries submit requests through major university, national, or provincial institutions. If the needed publications are not available from these sources, submit requests to NAL with a statement indicating their non-availability. Submit one request per page following the instructions for libraries below. NAL'S DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICE INFORMATION FOR THE LIBRARY The following information is provided to assist your librarian in obtaining the required materials. LOAN SERVICE -- Materials in NAL's collection are loaned only to other U.S. libraries. Requests for loans are made through local public, academic, or special libraries. The following materials are not available for loan: serials (except USDA serials); rare, reference, and reserve books; microforms; and proceedings of conferences or symposia. Photocopy or microform of non-circulating publications may be purchased as described below. DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICE -- Photocopies of articles are available for a fee. Make requests through local public, academic, or special libraries. The library will submit a separate interlibrary loan form for each article or item requested. If the citation is from an NAL database (CAIN/AGRICOLA, "Bibliography of Agriculture," or the NAL Catalog) and the call number is given, put that call number in the proper block on the request form. Willingness to pay charges must be indicated on the form. Include compliance with copyright law or a statement that the article is for "research purposes only" on the interlibrary loan form or letter. Requests cannot be processed without these statements. Please read copyright notice below. CHARGES: * Photocopy, hard copy of microfilm and microfiche - $5.00 for the first 10 pages or fraction copied from a single article or publication. $3.00 for each additional 10 pages or fraction. * Duplication of NAL-owned microfilm - $10.00 per reel. * Duplication of NAL-owned microfiche - $ 5.00 for the first fiche and $ .50 for each additional fiche per title. BILLING -- Charges include postage and handling, and are subject to change. Invoices are issued quarterly by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Establishing a deposit account with NTIS is encouraged. DO NOT SEND PREPAYMENT. SEND REQUESTS TO: USDA, National Agricultural Library Document Delivery Services Branch, PhotoLab 10301 Baltimore Blvd., NAL Bldg. Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Contact the Head, Document Delivery Services Branch in writing or by calling (301) 504-5755 with questions or comments about this policy. 2) DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICES AVAILABLE TO LIBRARIES, OTHER INFORMATION CENTERS AND COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. The National Agricultural Library (NAL) accepts requests from libraries and other organizations in accordance with the national and international interlibrary loan code and guidelines. In its national role, NAL supplies copies of agricultural materials not found elsewhere. Filling requests for materials readily available from other sources diverts NAL's resources and diminishes its ability to serve as a national source for agricultural and agriculturally related materials. Therefore, NAL is viewed as a library of last resort. Submit requests to state/region/network sources prior to sending to NAL. Within the United States, possible sources are public libraries, land-grant university libraries or other large research libraries within a state. In other countries submit requests to major university, national or provincial institutions. If the needed publications are not available from these sources, submit requests to NAL with a statement indicating their non-availability. REQUESTS -- Submit on the American Library Association (ALA) or the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) interlibrary loan form or via electronic mail or telefacsimile (see over for more details). Include the complete name of the person authorizing the request on each form; the standard bibliographic source which lists the title as owned by NAL; and the call number if the citation is from an NAL database (CAIN/AGRICOLA, "Bibliography of Agriculture," or the NAL catalog). LOAN SERVICE -- Materials in the NAL collection are loaned only to U.S. libraries. The loan period is one month. The following materials are not available for loan: serials (except for USDA serials); rare, reference, and reserve books; microforms; and proceedings of conferences or symposia. Photocopy or microform of the non-circulating publications is supplied automatically (as described below) when the requesting organization indicates that photocopy is acceptable on the loan form. AUDIOVISUALS (AVs) -- Order at least 3-4 weeks before the intended show date. Give show date and alternate show date when requesting specific titles. Request specific format needed if more than one format is given in the citation. DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICE -- Submit a separate completed interlibrary loan form for each article required. Indicate willingness to pay charges on the form and compliance with copyright law or include a statement that the article is for "research purposes only." Requests are not processed without these statements. Please read copyright notice below. CHARGES: * Photocopy, hard copy of microfilm and microfiche - $5.00 for the first 10 pages or fraction copied from a single article or publication. $3.00 for each additional 10 pages or fraction. * Duplication of NAL-owned microfilm - $10.00 per reel. * Duplication of NAL-owned microfiche - $5.00 for the first fiche and $ .50 for each additional fiche per title. BILLING - Charges include postage and handling, and are subject to change. Invoices are issued quarterly by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Establishing a deposit account with NTIS is encouraged. DO NOT SEND PREPAYMENT. Send Requests to: USDA, National Agricultural Library Document Delivery Services Branch, ILL, PhotoLab 10301 Baltimore Blvd., NAL Bldg. Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Contact the Head, Document Delivery Services Branch in writing or by calling (301) 504-5755 with questions or comments about this policy. 3) DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICES AVAILABLE TO FOREIGN LIBRARIES, INFORMATION CENTERS AND COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. The National Agricultural Library (NAL) accepts requests from libraries and other organizations in accordance with the national and international interlibrary loan code and guidelines. In its national role, NAL supplies copies of agricultural materials not found elsewhere. Filling requests for materials readily available from other sources diverts NAL's resources and diminishes its ability to serve as a national source for agricultural and agriculturally related materials. Therefore, NAL is viewed as a library of last resort. Submit requests to major university libraries, national or provincial institutions or network sources prior to sending requests to NAL. If the needed publications are not available from these sources, submit requests to NAL with a statement indicating their non-availability. AGLINET -- Requesters in countries with an AGLINET library are encouraged to make full use of that library and its networking capabilities. As an AGLINET participant, NAL provides free document delivery service for materials published in the United States to other AGLINET participants. REQUESTS -- Submit requests on the American Library Association (ALA) or the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) interlibrary loan form or via electronic mail or telefacsimile (see over for more details). Include the complete name of the person authorizing the request on each form; the standard bibliographic source which lists the title as owned by NAL; and the call number if the citation is from an NAL database(CAIN/AGRICOLA, "Bibliography of Agriculture", or the NAL catalog). DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICE -- Submit a separate completed interlibrary loan form for each article requested. Indicate willingness to pay charges on the form, and compliance with copyright law or include a statement that the article is for "research purposes only". Requests cannot be processed without these statements. Please read copyright notice below. CHARGES: * Photocopy, hard copy of microfilm and microfiche - $5.00 for the first 10 pages or fraction copied from a single article or publication. $3.00 for each additional 10 pages or fraction. * Duplication of NAL-owned microfilm - $10.00 per reel. * Duplication of NAL-owned microfiche - $5.00 for the first fiche and $ .50 for each additional fiche per title. BILLING - Charges include postage and handling, and are subject to change. Invoices are issued quarterly by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Establishing deposit account with NTIS is encouraged. Annual billing is available to foreign institutions on request by contacting NAL at the address below. DO NOT SEND PREPAYMENT. Send Requests to: USDA, National Agricultural Library Document Delivery Services Branch, ILL, PhotoLab 10301 Baltimore Blvd., NAL Bldg. Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Contact the Head, Document Delivery Services Branch at (301) 504-5755 with questions or comments about this policy. ELECTRONIC MAIL ACCESS FOR INTERLIBRARY LOAN (ILL) REQUESTS June 1993 The National Agricultural Library (NAL), Document Delivery Services Branch accepts ILL requests from libraries via several electronic services. All requests must comply with established routing and referral policies and procedures. The transmitting library will pay all fees incurred during the creation of requests and communication with NAL. A sample format for ILL requests is printed below along with a list of the required data/format elements. ELECTRONIC MAIL - (Sample form below) SYSTEM ADDRESS CODE ==================================================== INTERNET. . . . . LENDING@NALUSDA.GOV EASYLINK. . . . . 62031265 ONTYME. . . . . . NAL/LB TWX/TELEX . . . . Number is 710-828-0506 NAL LEND. This number may only be used for ILL requests. FTS2000 . . . . . A12NALLEND OCLC . . . . . . NAL's symbol AGL need only be entered once, but it must be the last entry in the Lender string. Requests from USDA and Federal libraries may contain AGL anywhere in the Lender String. SAMPLE ELECTRONIC MAIL REQUEST =================================================================| AG University/NAL ILLRQ 231 4/1/93 NEED BY: 6/1/93 | | | | Interlibrary Loan Department | | Agriculture University | | Heartland, IA 56789 | | | | Dr. Smith Faculty Ag School | | | | Canadian Journal of Soil Science 1988 v 68(1): 17-27 | | DeJong, R. Comparison of two soil-water models under | | semi-arid growing conditions | | Ver: AGRICOLA | | Remarks: Not available at IU or in region. | | NAL CA: 56.8 C162 | | | | Auth: C. Johnson CCL Maxcost: $15.00 | | | | MORE | | | ================================================================= TELEFACSIMILE - Telephone number is 301-504-5675. NAL accepts ILL requests via telefacsimile. Requests should be created on standard ILL forms and then faxed to NAL. NAL does not fill requests via Fax at this time. REQUIRED DATA ELEMENTS/FORMAT 1. Borrower's address must be in block format with at least two blank lines above and below so form may be used in window envelopes. 2. Provide complete citation including verification, etc. 3. Provide authorizing official's name (request will be rejected if not included). 4. Include statement of copyright compliance if applicable. Please read copyright notice below. 5. Indicate willingness to pay applicable charges. 6. Include NAL call number if available. Contact the Document Delivery Services Branch at (301) 504-6503 if additional information is required. **************************************************************** Photocopy Warning: NOTICE WARNING CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specific conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. 37 C.F.R. 201.14 **************************************************************** The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.
Return to Bibliographies
Return to the Water Quality Information Center at the National Agricultural
Library.
Last update: April 27, 1998
The URL of this page is http://www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/Bibliographies/qb9435.html
J. R. Makuch /USDA-ARS-NAL-WQIC/
jmakuch@nal.usda.gov