The connection between markets and democracy has never been a straight line. Since the 1700s economic thinkers have been debating this complex relationship. Is it possible to have free markets without democracy? Which develops first? Can the incentive of economic growth lead to greater democracy in countries that are not democratic?
The 12 international experts we’ve assembled in this issue take up different aspects of the conundrum and offer their answers to these questions. Our goal, however, is not to resolve a centuries-old intellectual debate but to deepen our readers’ understanding about the nuances of what is undeniably a matter of importance for everybody in the world today.
Liberty and self-government are the two parts of democracy. Free markets come first and make the right conditions for democracy.
Open markets are necessary, and often preceed democracy, but not sufficient for it.
Capitalism and democracy usually did not historically arise together. Can they continue to dominate commerce and governments?
Don’t expect democracy to emerge in China any time soon. A booming economy and rising incomes might bolster the communist government.
Decades of oppression by a centralized government have ground down Cuba’s economy. Without freedom, Cuba’s people can't compete in a global economy.
Free markets tend to bolster democracy. Sometimes democracy bolsters free markets, sometimes not.
The Gulf states have mostly free markets but not free elections. The rulers share the benefits of economic expansion but not political power.
The fear was that Central Europe would embrace democracy and reject market economics, but it has accepted free markets and grown dissatisfied with democracy.
Ethnic divisions lead to social conflict, but political and economic reforms reduce such conflict.
Freedom of speech and press plus democratic government accountability help economic development.
Russia has turned back toward authoritarian government despite its economic boom, level of education, and relatively open society. The reason is corruption.
Established democracies have some of the world’s most dynamic, innovative and productive economies, but questions remain about whether poor or transitioning democracies will be able achieve sustained economic growth and which policies their governments need to pursue to realize that growth.
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