Reprints of many of these articles are available, and may be requested from diona.austill(@)ars.usda.gov. 

NUTRITION ARTICLES    

If you don't see an animal related paper you're looking for, please check the Genetic or Physiology article lists.

	Grings, E.E., T.W. Geary, R.E. Short, and M.D. MacNeil. 2007. Beef heifer development within three calving seasons. Journal of Animal Scientist 85:2048-2058.
	Waterman, R.C., C.A. Lõest, W.D. Bryant, and M.K. Peterson. 2007. Supplemental methionine and urea for gestating beef cows consuming low quality forage diets. Journal of Animal Science 85:731-736.
	Phillips, W.A., Grings, E.E., R.E. Short, R.K. Heitschmidt, S.W. Coleman, and H. Mayeux. 2006. Effects of calving season on stocker and feedlot performance. Professional Animal Scientist 22:392-400.
	Grings, E.E., W.A. Phillips, R.E. Short, H. Mayeux, and R.K. Heitschmidt. 2006. Post-weaning performance of steers from varying calving and weaning strategies in Montana. Professional Animal Scientist 22:386-391.
	Waterman, R.C., J.E. Sawyer, C.P. Mathis, D.E. Hawkins, G.B. Donart, and M.K. Peterson. 2006. Effects of supplements that contain increasing amounts of metabolizable protein with or without Ca-propionate salt on postpartum interval and nutrient partitioning in young beef cows. Journal of Animal Science 84:433-436.
	Grings, E.E., Blummel, M., Sudekum, K.H. 2005. Methodological considerations in using gas production techniques for estimating ruminal microbial effciencies for silage-based diets. Animal Feed Science And Technology 123-124:527-545
	Grings, E.E., R.E. Short, K.D. Klement, T.W. Geary, M.D. MacNeil, M.R. Haferkamp, and R.K. Heitschmidt. 2005. Calving system and weaning age effects on cow and preweaning calf performance in the Northern Great Plains. Journal of Animal Science 83:2671-2683.
	Phillips, W.A., E.E. Grings, and J.W. Holloway. 2005. Effects of a single dose of direst-fed microbials on performance of stocker calves grazing annual cool season grasses. Professional Animal Scientist 21:88-92.
	Blummel, M., Grings, E.E., and Haferkamp, M.R. 2004. Fermentation profiles and degradability measurements in extrusa diet samples collected from brome-suppressed and undisturbed pastures and their relationship to weight gain of steers. Can J. Anim. Sci. 84(1):105-111.
	Kruse, R.E., M.W. Tess, E.E. Grings, R.E. Short, R.K. Heitschmidt, and H.S. Mayeux Jr. 2004. Evaluation of beef cattle operations utilizing different seasons of calving, weaning strategies, post-weaning management, and retained ownership. Proceedings of the Western Section, American Society of Animal Science 55:122-125.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 2003. Effects of calving date and weaning age on cow and calf production in the Northern Great plains. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 54:335-338.
	Sowell, B.F., Bowman, J.G.P., Grings, E.E., and MacNeil, M.D. 2003. Liquid supplement and forage intake by range beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 81:294-303.
	Blummel, M., Short, R.E., and Grings, E.E. 2002. Comparison of elk (Cervus elaphus) fecal and rumen microbial suspension to predict feed degradation and adaptation. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 53:540-543.
	Grings, E.E., Heitschmidt, R.K., Short, R.E., and Haferkamp, M.R. 2002. Intensive-early stocking for yearling cattle in the Northern Great Plains. J. Range Manage. 55:135-138.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., Geary, T.W., and MacNeil, M.D. 2002. Heifer development within three seasons of calving. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 53:261-264.
	Lawler, T.L., Taylor, J.B., Grings, E.E., Finley, J.W., and Caton, J.S. 2002. Selenium concentration and distribution in range forages from four locations in the Northern Great Plains. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 53:7-9.
	Phillips, W.A., Coleman, S.W., Grings, E.E., Riley, D.G., Chase, C.C., Short, R.E., Mayeux, H.S., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 2002. Performance of steer calves reared in temperate or sub-tropic environments and used as stocker calves on winter wheat pastures.  pp. 44-45. In: Progress Reports from the Grazinglands Research Laboratory. C.T. MacKown and J. Garbrecht (ed.) Field Day 2002.
	Phillips, W.A., Grings, E.E., Holloway, J.W., Short, R.E., Warrington, B., Mayeux, H.S., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 2002. Increasing the performance of stocker calves on winter wheat pasture. In: Progress Reports from the Grazinglands Research Laboratory. C.T. MacKown and J. Garbrecht (ed.) Field Day 2002. Pp. 49-50.
	Short, R.E., MacNeil, M.D., Grosz, M.D., Gerrard, D.E., and Grings, E.E. 2002. Pleiotropic effects in Hereford, Limousin, and Piedmontese F2 crossbred calves of genes controlling muscularity including the piedmontese myostatin allele. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1-11.
	Blummel, M., Grings, E.E., Moss, A.R., and Givens, D.I. 2001. A mechanistic approach to the estimation of intake of ruminants by methane excretion and in vitro fermentation characteristics. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 52:475-478.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., Blummel, M., MacNeil, M.D., and Bellows, R.A. 2001. Prepartum supplementation with protein or fat and protein for grazing cows in three seaons of calving. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 52:501-504.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., Haferkamp, M.R., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 2001. Animal age and sex effects on diets of grazing cattle. J. Range Manage. 54:77-81.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., MacNeil, M.D., Roeder, R.A. and Roeder, M.J. 2001. Interactions in postweaning production of F1 cattle from Hereford, Limousin, or Piedmontese sires. J. Anim. Sci. 79:317-324.
	MacNeil, M.D., Short, R.E., and Grings, E.E. 2001. Characterization of topcross progenies from Hereford, Limousin, and Piedmontese sires. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1751-1756.
	Rule, D.C., Rule, J.M., Short, R.E., Grings, E.E., and MacNeil, M.D. 2001. Genotype effects on cholesterol and fatty acids in longissimus and semitendinosus muscles from Hereford, Limousin, and Piedmontese F2 crossbred cattle at slaughter. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 52:266-269.
	Blummel, M.R. and Grings, E.E. 2000. Relationship between esophageal diet samples, clipped forage samples, and weight gain of steers. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 51: 267-271.
	Blummel, M. 2000. Predicting the partitioning of fermentation products by combined in vitro gas volume and true substrate degradability measurements: opportunities and limitations. European Assoc. of Animal Production Symposium. p. 48-57.
	Blummel, M.R. and Grings, E.E. 2000. Relationship between esophageal diet samples, clipped forage samples, and weight gain of steers. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 51:267-271.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 2000. Effects of season of calving and weaning age on cow and calf production through weaning. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 51:125-127.
	Grings, E.E. and Poland, W.W. 2000. Effect of hay source and level on tissue trace mineral concentrations in growing steers. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 51:490-493. & BeefTalk Live 2000, Proc. p. 6.
	Short, R.E., MacNeil, M.D., Grosz, M.D., and Grings, E.E. 2000. Effects of muscularity on pelvic area and efficiency in Hereford, Limousin, and Piedmontese F2 crossbred calves genotyped for the Piedmontese myostatin allele. European Assoc. of Animal Production. Handout. 4 pgs.
	Grings, E.E., Staigmiller, R.B., Short, R.E., Bellows, R.A., and MacNeil, M.D. 1999. Effects of stair-step nutrition and trace mineral supplementation on attainment of puberty in beef heifers of three sire breeds. J. Anim. Sci. 77:810-815.
	Short, R.E., and Grings, E.E. 1999. Time of calving: Economic and biological implications. Proc. of the Bovine Connection. p. 15-18.
	Short, R.E., Grings, E.E., and MacNeil, M.D. 1999. Management and genetic options for production of beef to meet consumer demand. Proc. of the Bovine Connection. p. 42-49.
	Daniels, T.K., Bowman, J.G.P., Sowell, B.F., Grings, E.E., and MacNeil, M.D. 1998. The effects of cow age and supplement delivery method on forage and liquid supplement intake. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 49:145-148.
	Grings, E.E., Hall, J.B., Bellows, R.A., Short, R.E., Bellows, S.E., and Staigmiller, R.B. 1998. Effect of nutritional management, trace mineral supplementation, and norgestomet implant on attainment of puberty in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 76(8):2177-2181.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 1998. Evaluation of supplementation for growing cattle grazing native rangeland. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 49:223-226.
	Grings, E.E., Adams, D.C., and Short, R.E. 1997. Diet quality of suckling calves and mature steers on rangelands. Proc. Governor's Conference on the Cattle Industry. P. 125-126.
	Grings, E.E., Haferkamp, M.R., Heitschmidt, R.K., and Karl, M.G. 1997. Mineral dynamics of forages during the growing season. Proc. Governor's Conference on the Cattle Industry. P. 70-71.
	Grings, E.E., Hall, J.B., Bellows, R.A., Short, R.E., Bellows, S.E., and Staigmiller, R.B. 1997. Effects of diet, trace mineral supplement, and progestin implant on age at puberty in beef heifers. Proc. Governor's Conference on the Cattle Industry. P. 72-73.
	Grings, E.E., Heitschmidt, R.K., Short, R.E., Hould, B.S., and Bellows, N.R. 1997. Management strategies for grazing yearling cattle. Proc. Governor's Conference on the Cattle Industry. P. 158-159.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., and Heitschmidt, R.K. 1997. Meeting nutrient needs of stocker cattle. Proc. 46th Montana Livestock Nutrition Conf. 53-56.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., MacNeil, M.D., Haferkamp, M.R., and Adams, D.C. 1997. Production efficiency in cattle of two growth potentials on rangeland during spring-summer grazing. Proc. Governor's Conference on the Cattle Industry. P. 123-124.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., and Adams, D.C. 1997. Effects of growth potential and protein supplementation on steers grazing fall pasture in the Northern Great Plains. J. Prod. Agric. 10(2):241-245.
	Short, R.E., Grings, E.E., MacNeil, M.D., Heitschmidt, R.K., and Haferkamp, M.R. 1997. Weaning and supplement options for cow-calf pairs during fall grazing. Proc. Governor's Conference on the Cattle Industry. P. 105-106.
	VanTassell, L.W., McNeley, S.M., MacNeil, M.D., Short, R.E., and Grings, E.E. 1997. Retained ownership of beef cattle when considering production and price risk. 1997 Western Agricultural Economics Assoc. meetings, July, 1997, Reno, NV.
	Grings, E.E., Haferkamp, M.R., Heitschmidt, R.K., and Karl, M.G. 1996. Mineral dynamics in forages of the Northern Great Plains. J. Range Manage. 49:234-240.
	Grings, E.E., Heitschmidt, R.K., Short, R.E., Hould, B.S., and Bellows, N.R. 1996. Management strategies for grazing yearling cattle. Proc. Governor's Conference on the State of the Cattle Industry. P. 111-113.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., MacNeil, M.D., Haferkamp, M.R., and Adams, D.C. 1996. Efficiency of production in cattle of two growth potentials on Northern Great Plains rangelands during spring-summer grazing. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2317-2326.
	Grings, E.E., Short, R.E., and Adams, D.C. 1995. Influence of sire growth potential on intake by steers throughout the summer months. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 46:331-334.
	Grings, E.E., Adams, D.C., and Short, R.E. 1995. Diets of suckling calves and mature steers grazing on rangeland. J. Range Manage. 48:438-441.
	Grings, E.E., Adams, D.C. and Short, R.E. 1994. Protein supplementation of stocker cattle in the Northern Great Plains. J. Range Manage. 47:303-307.
	Adams, D.C., Staigmiller, R.B., Knapp, B.W. and Lamb, J.B. 1993. Native or seeded rangeland for cows with high or low milk production. J. Range Manage. 46:474-478.
	Grings, E.E.and Short, R.E. 1992. Nutritional aspects of lean beef production. Proc. Montana Nutr. Conf. 6:1-10.
	Adams, D.C., Pfister, J.A., Short, R.E., Cates, R.G., Knapp, B. W. and Wiedmeier, R.D. 1992. Pine needle effects on in vivo and in vitro digestibility of crested wheatgrass. J. Range Manage. 45:249-253.
	McKnown, C.D., Walker, J.W., Stuth, J.W. and Heitschmidt, R.K. 1991. Nutrient intake of cattle on rotational and continuous grazing treatments. J. Range Manage. 44:596- 601.
	Hatfield, P.G., Walker, J.W., Glimp, H.A. and Adams, D.C. 1991. Effect of level of intake and supplemental barley on marker estimates of fecal output using an intraruminal continuous- release chromic oxide bolus. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1788-1794.
	Borman, M.M., Adams, D.C., Knapp, B.W. and Haferkamp, M.R. 1991. Evaluation of dietary preference with a multiple latin square design. J. Range Manage. 44:295-296.
	Adams, D.C., Short, R.E., Pfister, J.A., Peterson, K.R., and Hudson, D.B. 1991. Surgical establishment of esophageal fistulae in suckling calves. J. Range Manage. 44:628-629.
	Adams, D.C., Short, R.E., Borman, M.M. and MacNeil, M.D. 1991. Estimation of fecal output with an intra- ruminal continuous release marker device. J. Range Manage. 44:204-207.
	Weidmeier, R.D., Pfister, J.A., Adams, D.C., Bair, J.R. and Sisson, D.V. 1990. Effects of Ponderosa pine needle consumption on ruminal microflora in cattle West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 41:478-481.
	Ward, M.G., Adams, D.C., Wallace, J.D., Galyean, M.L. and Volesky, J.D. 1990. Supplementation and monensin effects on digesta kinetics. II. Cattle grazing winter range. J. Range Manage. 43:383-386.
	Ward, M.G., Adams, D.C., Wallace, J.D., Galyean, M.L. and Knapp, B.W. 1990. Supplementation and monensin effects on digesta kinetics. I. Cattle grazing summer range. J. Range Manage. 43:378-382.
	Hatfield, P.G., Walker, J.W., Glimp, H.A. and Adams, D.C. 1990. Effects of intake levels and supplemental barley on estimates of dry matter fecal output using a constant release chromic oxide bolus. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 41:426-432.
	Miner, J.L., Petersen, M.K., Havstad, K.M., McInerney, M.J. and Bellows, R.A. 1989. The effects of ruminal escape protein or fat on nutritional status of pregnant winter-grazing beef cows J. Anim. Sci. 68:1743-1750.
	Adams, D.C., Staigmiller, R.B. and Knapp, B.W. 1989. Beef production from native and seeded Northern Great Plains ranges. J. Range Manage. 42:243-247.
	Adams, D.C. 1989. Wintering beef cattle on rangeland, p. 148-159. In: Proc., The Range Beef Cow Symp. XI, A symposium on production, Rapid City, SD.
	Ward, M.G., Adams, D.C., Wallace, J.D., Galyean, M.L., and Currie, P.O. 1988. Influence of energy supplementation and monensin on rumen fermentation and fluid passage rates of steers grazing Northern Great Plains summer native range. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 39:382-385.
	Cochran, R.C., Adams, D.C., Galyean, M.L. and Wallace, J.D. 1987. Examination of methods for estimating rate of passage in grazing steers. J. Range Manage. 40(2):l05-l08.
	Adams, D.C., Short, R.E. and Knapp, B.W. 1987. Body size and body condition effects on performance and behavior of grazing beef cows. Nutr. Rep. Int. 35(2):269-277.
	Adams, D.C., Currie, P.O., Knapp, B.W., Mauney, T. and Richardson, D. 1987. An automated range-animal data acquisition system. J. Range Manage. 40:256-258.
	Adams, D.C., Cochran, R.C. and Currie, P.O. 1987. Forage maturity effects on rumen fermentation, fluid flow, and intake in grazing steers. J. Range Manage. 40(5):404-408.
	Adams, D.C. and Short, R.E. 1987. The role of animal nutrition on productivity in a range environment, p. 37-43. In: White, R.S. and Short, R.E. (eds.) Achieving efficient use of rangeland resources, Fort Keogh Res. Symp.
	Adams, D.C. 1987. Influence of winter weather on range livestock. Grazing Livestock Nutr. Conf. 6 p.
	Cochran, R.C., Adams, D.C., Wallace, J.D. and Galyean, M.L. 1986. Predicting digestibility of different diets with internal markers: evaluation of four potential markers. J. Anim. Sci. 63:l476-l483.
	Cochran, R.C., Adams, D.C., Galyean, M.L. and Wallace, J.D. 1986. Estimating particle turnover in the rumen of meal-fed beef steers: procedural evaluations J. Anim. Sci. 63:l469-l475.
	Cochran, R.C., Adams, D.C., Currie, P.O. and Knapp, B.W. 1986. Cubed alfalfa or cottonseed meal-barley as supplements for beef cows grazing fall-winter range. J. Range Manage. 39(4):36l-364.
	Adams, D.C., Nelsen, T.C., Reynolds, W.L. and Knapp, B.W. 1986. Winter grazing activity and forage intake of range cows in the Northern Great Plains. J. Anim. Sci. 62:l240-l246.
	Adams, D C. 1986. Getting the most out of grain supplements. Rangelands 8(1):27-28.
	Cochran, R.C., Adams, D.C., Galyean, M.L. and Wallace, J.D. 1985. Effect of site of sampling, intraruminal mixing and mathematical model on estimates of ruminal particulate passage in beef steers grazing crested wheatgrass. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 36:504-507.
	Adams, D C. 1985. Supplemental feeding strategies for beef cattle, p. - . In: Proc., The Range Beef Cow Symp. IX, Chadron, NE.
	Adams, D.C. 1985. Effect of time of supplementation on performance, forage intake and grazing behavior of yearling beef steers grazing Russian wild ryegrass in the fall. J. Anim. Sci. 61:1037-1042.
	Adams, D.C. and Kartchner, R.J. 1984. Effect of level of forage intake on rumen ammonia, pH, liquid volume and liquid dilution rate in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 58:708-713.
	Kartchner, R.J. and Adams, D.C. 1983. An improved method for attaching the esophageal fistula bag. J. Range Manage. 36:405-406.
	Adams, D.C. and Kartchner, R.J. 1983. Effects of time of supplementation on daily gain, forage intake and behavior of yearling steers grazing fall range. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 34:158-160.
	Kartchner, R.J. and Adams, D.C. 1982. Effects of daily and alternate day feeding of grain supplments to cows grazing fall- winter range. Proc. West Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 33:308.
	Newman, C.W. and Elliott, D.O. 1981. A probiotic mixture of fermentation products as a replacement for soybean meal in pig diets. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 32:436-439.
	Kartchner, R.J. and Theurer, B. 1981. Comparison of hydrolysis methods used in feed, digesta, and fecal starch analysis Agric. Food Chem. 29:8-11.
	Kartchner, R.J., Rittenhouse, L.R. and Raleigh, R.J. 1979. Forage and animal management implications of spring and fall calving. J. Anim. Sci. 48:425-429.
	Kartchner, R.J. and Rittenhouse, L.R. 1979. A feces-urine seperator for making total fecal collections from the female bovine. J. Range Manage. 32:404-405.
	Kartchner, R.J. and Campbell, C.M. 1979. Intake and digestibility of range forages consumed by livestock. Montana Agric. Exp. Sta. and USDA-SEA-AR, cooperating, Bull. 718.
	Kartchner, R.J. and Carr, J.B. 1978. Effects of protein supplementation on quantity and quality of forage consumed by cattle. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 29:224-227.
	Varner, L.W., Bellows, R.A. and Christensen, D.S. 1977. A management system for wintering replacement heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 44:l65-l7l.
	Newman, C.W. and Elliott, D.O. 1975. L-lysine and DL-methionine supplements in barley-soy pig diets. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 26:105-107.
	Kartchner, R.J., Rittenhouse, L.R. and Raleigh, R.J. 1975. A comparison of methods for measuring forage intake. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 26:155-156.
	Varner, L.W. 1974. Supplementing diets of beef cows with methionine hydroxy analog. Proc., Montana Nutr. Conf., Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
	Newman, C.W. and Elliott, D.O. 1974. Source and level of phosphorus in swine diets. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 25:158-161.
	Varner, L.W., Bellows, R.A. and Christensen, D.S. 1973. Winter management of replacement heifers. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 24:240-245.
	Newman, C.W., Calvert, C.C. and Elliott, D.O. 1973. Value of mustard meal in barley-soy pig rations. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 24:157-165.
	Newman, C.W., Elliott, D.O. and Rasmuson, R.C. 1972. Effect of medicated feed fed to swine in semi-confinement. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 23:112-117.
	Bellows, R.A., Gibson, R.B., Thomas, O.O. and Pahnish, O.F. 1968. Grain supplement-forage production relationships in range cow reproduction. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Proc. 19:313-318.
	Houston, W.R. 1963. Salt consumption by breeding cows on native range in the Northern Great Plains. J. Range Manage. 16:12-16.
	Marsh, H.Swingle, K.F., Woodward, R.R., Payne, G.F., Frahm, E.E., Johnson, L.H. and Hede, J.C. 1959. Nutrition of cattle on an eastern Montana range as related to weather, soil and forage. Montana Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 549.
	Black, W.H., Quesenberry, J.R. and Baker, A.L. 1939. Wintering steers on different planes of nutrition from weaning to two and one-half years of age. USDA Tech. Bull. 667.
	Black W.H., Quesenberry J.R. and Baker, A.L. 1938. Wintering beef cows on the range with and without a supplement of cottonseed cake. USDA Tech. Bull. No. 603.
	Baker, A.L. 1938. Comparison of alfalfa and western wheatgrass hays for wintering yearling heifers in the Northern Great Plains and their influence on summer gains. USDA Tech. Bull. 635.
	Black, W.H., Quesenberry, J.R. and Baker, A.L. 1936. Effect of different methods of wintering beef calves in the Northern Great Plains on winter gains and feed costs and on subsequent summer gains. USDA Tech. Bull. 529.
	Baker, A.L. 1936. Beef cattle, if vigorous, can be wintered on range in Northern Great Plains. USDA Separate 1322.
	USDA, ARS Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory 243 Fort Keogh Rd., Miles City, MT  59301-4016 Phone: 406-874-8200, Fax:  406-874-8289