A, B, C,
D, E, F,
G, H, I,
J, K, L,
M, N, O,
P, Q, R,
S, T, U,
V, W, X,
Y, Z
Revised and updated on 7/18/96 by J. A. Watts
A
A-S Arakawa-Schubert
A-SAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar
A-SCAT Advanced scatterometer
A%C Animal population ratio living in cool climate region
AA atomic absorption
AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science
AABW Antarctic Bottom Water
AAF Association Aeronautique et Astronautique de France
AAG American Association of Geographers
AAIW Antarctic Intermediate Water
AAOE Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment
AARI Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (Russian Federation)
AAS atomic absorption spectrometry (spectrometer, spectroscopy)
AASE Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition
AASP American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists
AASSREC Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils
AATSR advanced along-track scanning radiometer
AAWORD Association of African Women for Research and Development
ABE Advisory Board on Energy (India)
ABL atmospheric boundary layer
ABLE Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment
ACA Advanced Computer Applications (project)
ACABQ Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
ACARS Aircraft Communication and Recording System
ACARS ARINC Communications and Reporting
System
ACAST Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology to
Development (UN)
ACATS Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species
ACC Administrative Coordination Committee (ECOSOC)
ACC Air Combat Command (formerly TAC)
ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current
ACCI Advisory Committee on Climate Applications and Data (WMO)
ACCLAIM ACC Levels by Altimetrics and Island Measurements
ACCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
ACCP Atlantic Climate Change Programme
ACD Aeronautical Charting Division (NOS)
ACE-1 Southern Hemisphere Marine Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)
ACE-2 North Atlantic Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)
ACE Advisory Committee on the Environment (ICSU)
ACE Aerosol Characterization Experiment (IGAC)
ACE Atmospheric Chemistry Education in Global Change (IGAC)
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ACH4 Annual methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentation
ACHEX Aerosol Characterization Experiment
ACID Acidification Chemistry Information Data Base (BNL)
ACL alternate concentration level
ACM advanced climate model
ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development
ACP Atmospheric Chemistry Program (DOE)
ACR active cavity radiometer
ACRIM active cavity radiometer irradiance monitor
ACS American Chemical Society
ACSM American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study (WCRP)
ACTM Atmospheric chemical transport model
ACTS African Centre for Technology Studies
A.D. anno Domini
ADAAC Affiliated Distributed Active Archive Center
ADALT Advanced Radar Altimeter
ADB Asian Developing Bank
ADC Affiliated Data Center
ADCLS Advanced Data Collection and Location System
ADCP Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler
ADDNET Acid Deposition Data Network (EPA)
ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite (Japan)
ADEOS Advanced Earth Observing System
ADMC Agri-residue dry matter content
ADP automatic data processing
ADPE automatic data processing equipment
AE Atmosphere Explorer
AEC U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission (now DOE)
AEDD Arctic Environment Data Directory
AEEI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Instrument
AEEI Autonomous energy-efficiency index (improvements)
AEF Average emission factor
AER Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
AER atmospheric and environmental research (DOE)
AERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Instrument
AERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer
AERI-FEP AERI Front End Processor
AEROCE Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment
AES Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada)
AEST Australian Eastern Standard Time
AET actual evapotranspiration
AF Agri-residue used for animal feed
AFBC Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor
AFDM ash free dry mass
AFEAS Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study
AFGL Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
AFGWC Air Force Global Weather Central (U.S.)
AFR Africa
AFS American Fisheries Society
AGA American Gas Association
AGAGE Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
AGAL Australian Government Analytical Laboratories
AGASP Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Programme
AGBD Above ground biomass density
AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
AGID Association for Geoscientists for International Development
AGL above ground level
AGU American Geophysical Union
Agr. Agriculture (USDA)
AGRHYMET Agronmeteorology and Operational Hydrology and Their Applications
AGU American Geophysical Union
AGWAT Agriculture and Water Project (JECOR)
AGWP Absolute Global Warming Potential
AH Air Heater
AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AIBS American Institute of Biological Sciences
AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers
AICRIP All India Coordinated Programme for Rice Improvement
AID Agency for International Development (U.S.)
AIDJEX Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association
AIJ Activities Implemented Jointly
AIM approximate inertial manifold
AIM Asian-Pacific Integrated Model
AIME American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers
AIP Algorithm Intercomparison Programme
AIP-1 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-1
AIP-2 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-2
AIP-3 Algorithm Intercomparison Project-3
AIREP Aircraft Weather Report
AIRS atmospheric infrared sounder
AIRS-AMSU Atmospheric Infrared-Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
AIRS/MHS Advanced Infrared Radiometer Sounder (Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder)/Microwave Humidity Sounder
AIS airborne imaging spectrometer
AIT Asian Institute of Technology
AITP Arctic Ice Thickness Project (WCRP)
AJAX 1983 Oceanographic cruise along 0° Meridian into Weddell Sea
(U.S., SIO)
AL Aeronomy Laboratory (Boulder, Colorado) (ERL)
Al aluminum
Al2O3 alumina (aluminum oxide)
ALA American Library Association
ALACE Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer
ALADIN Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable
ALBIOS Aluminum Biogeochemistry in Soils (EPRI)
ALE Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment
ALE/GAGE ALE/Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
ALEXIS Array of Low-Energy X-Ray Imaging Sensors
Alf Grimco A-700 processor used for data analysis
ALFA AER Local Forecast and Assimilation (Model)
ALIAS Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer
ALK alkalinity
ALOHA A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment
ALPEX Alpine Experiment
ALS Adirondack Lake Survey (ALSC)
ALSC Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation
ALSS Aluminum in Streams Study (EPRI)
ALT altimeter
ALT Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada
ALTA Active Long Term Archive
AMA African Mountains Association
AMAD activity median aerodynamic diameter
AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
AMBIACE Amazon Biogeochemistry and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment
AMD Developing America
AmeDAS Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System
AMEX Atlantic Meteorology Experiment
AM/FM Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (Society)
AMI active microwave instrumentation
AMIE Automated Methane Instrument Evaluation
AMIGO America's Inter-hemispheric Geobiosphere Organization
AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
AMMS Advanced Multichannel Microwave Sensor
AMQUA American Quaternary Association
AMRIR advanced medium resolution imaging radiometer
AMS accelerator mass spectrometry
AMS American Mathematical Society
AMS American Meteorological Society
AMS Applied Mathematical Sciences (DOE)
AMSR advanced microwave scanning radiometer
AMSU advanced microwave sounding unit
AMSU-A advanced microwave sounding unit-A
AMTS advanced moisture and temperature sounder
AMU atomic mass unit
ANARE Australian National Antarctic Research Establishment
ANBS Asian Network of Biological Sciences
ANC acid-neutralizing capacity
ANL Argonne National Laboratory
ANFC Annual Natural Forest Cleared
ANL/ACRF ANL's Advanced Computing Research Facility
Ann annual
ANNEX I Countries committed to a quantified CO2 target (OECD, EU, Central and Eastern European countries)
ANNEX II OECD countries and EU
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ANSTO Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (Menai, New
South Wales)
ANT Antarctica (START)
ANTARES Antarctic research (France) (JGOFS)
ANTARFIX Antarctic fixed station (France) (JGOFS and WOCE)
ANU Australian National University (Canberra, Australia)
AO announcement of opportunity
AO atmosphere-ocean
AOD aerosol optical depth
AODC acridine orange direct count
AOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model
AOIPS Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System
AOL Airborne Oceanographic Lidar
AOML Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Miami, Florida) (ERL)
AOSB Arctic Ocean Sciences Board
AOSIS Association of Small Island States
AOVP Arctic Ocean Variability Project (ACSYS
ACSYS)
AP Annual Production
APA Adirondack Park Agency
APA alkaline phosphatase activity
APAFO Advanced Particles and Fields Observer
APAR absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
APARE East Asian-North Pacific Regional Experiment (IGAC)
APC Apparent consumption
APCA Air Pollution Control Association (Pittsburgh)
APDA Arctic Precipitation Data Archive (ACSYS)
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization
APHA American Public Health Association
API American Petroleum Institute
APMP Acid Precipitation Mitigation Program (NAPAP)
APN Asia-Pacific Network (for Global Change Research) (START)
APSRS Aerial Photo Summary Records System
APT automatic picture transmission
AQA American Quaternary Association
Ar Argon
ARA atmospheric radiation analysis
ARAC Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (program)
ARC Ames Research Center
ARC Antarctic Research Center
ARC/INFO GIS software
ARCS Atmospheric Radiation and Cloud Station
ARCSS Arctic System Science (program)
ARDB Arctic Runoff Database (ACSYS)
ARGOS Argos Data Collection and Position Location System (CNES and NOAA)
ARINC Aeronautical Radio, Inc.
ARINC Aeronautical Research, Inc.
ARISTOTELES Applications and Research Involving Space Technologies Observing the
Earth's Field from a Low Earth Orbiting Satellite
ARL Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland (NOAA)
ARL Australian Radiation Laboratory (Melbourne, Victoria)
ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE program)
ARMA Autoregressive moving-average
ARMSAT Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Satellite
ARPA Advanced Research Project Agency
ARRCC Analysis of Rapid and Recent Climate Change (project)
ARS Agricultural Research Service (USDA)
ARSMC ASEAN Regional Specialized
Meteorological Centre
ART Arctica (START)
ARTEMIS Advanced Relay and Technology Mission Satellite (ESA)
ARTEP Ariane Technology Experiment Platform (European)
ARW Advanced Research Workshop
AS Anti-Spoofing on GPS Transmissions
AS Area of Savanna
ASA American Statistical Association
ASA Antarctic Support Association
ASA Atmosphere Spectroscopy Applications
ASB Area of Savanna Burned annually
ASAP Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme
ASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar
ASAS Advanced Solid State Array Sensor
ASASP Active Scattering Aerosol Spectrometer Probe
ASB Association of Southeastern Biologists
ASCAT advanced scatterometer
ASCATT advanced scatterometer
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASCEND Agenda of Science for Environment and Development into the 21st
Century
ASChE American Society of Chemical Engineers
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCOT Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (program)
ASCS Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
ASDAR Aircraft-to-Satellite Data Relay
ASE Air Sea Experiment
ASEAMS Association of Southeast Asian Marine Scientists
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASF Alaska SAR Facility
ASF Atmospheric Stablization Framework
ASHOE Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment
ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space Agency)
ASK Assisted Search for Knowledge
ASL above sea level
ASL atmospheric surface layer
ASLO American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
ASM Applied Simulation and Modelling (IASTED)
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASOEN ASEAN Senior Officials on the Environment
ASOS Automated Surface Observing System
ASPP American Society of Plant Physiologists
ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ASR aerosol solar radiation
ASSAS Advanced Solid State Array Sensor
ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (radiometer)
ASTER Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange
Research (formerly ITIR)
ASTEX Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
ASU Air Separation Unit
ATES Alcatel Espace Systems
ATDD Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division
(formerly ATDL) (NOAA)
ATDL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion
Laboratory (now ATDD)
ATF atmospheric transmission factor
Atlantis Research vessel (U.S.)
ATLAS Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
ATLAS Airborne Turnable Laser Absorption Spectrometer
ATLID atmospheric lidar
atm atmosphere
ATM Atmospheric Transport Model
ATMOS Atmospheric Trace Molecules Observed by Spectroscopy
ATOVS Advanced TOVS
ATP adenosine triphosphate
ATPEX ARM Tropical Pacific Experiment
ATS Advanced Technology Satellite
ATS Antarctic Treaty System
ATS applications technology satellite
ATS Advanced Turbine Systems
ATSR along-track scanning radiometer
AURIO Auroral Imaging Observatory
AV acoustic velocity (geophysical logging)
AVCS Advanced Vidicon Camera System
AVD acoustic variable density (geophysical logging)
AVHRR advanced very high resolution radiometer
(NOAA)
AVHRR GAC AVHRR Global Area Coverage
AVHRR LAC AVHRR Local Area Coverage
AVIRIS airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer
AVISCO French group for Analysis, Validation, and Investigation of Satellite
Oceanography
AVNIR advanced visible and near-infrared radiometer
avtur aviation gas turbine fuel
AWDB Adirondack Watershed Data Base
AWIPS-90 Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System for the 90s
AWRA American Water Resources Association
AWIS Association for Women in Science
AWWA American Water Works Association (Denver)
AXCTD autonomous expendable CTD profiler
B
b/w black and white
B%T Animal population ratio living in temperate climate region
BaA benz[a]anthracene
BAAS British Association for the Advancement of Science
BAHC Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle
(program) (IGBP)
BAHC-SSC BAHC Scientific Steering Committee
BALTEX Baltic Sea Experiment
BAO Boulder Atmospheric Observatory
BaP benzo[a]pyrene
BaPDE chemically reactive diolepoxides
BAPMoN Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (WMO)
BASC Board on Atmospheric Science and Climate,
National Research Council (U.S.)
BARA Pressure in Atmosphere
BASE Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment (Canada)
BATAN Reactor and Nuclear Research Facilities, National Atomic Energy Agency
BATERISTA Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfers and Ecological Research in Situ Studies in
Amazonia (BAHC and GEWEX)
BATGE Biosphere-Atmosphere Trace Gas Exchange (in the tropics) (IGAC)
BATS Bermuda Atlantic Time Series
BATS Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (NCAR)
BAU business-as-usual
b.a.u. business as usual (scenario)
BB Biomass Burned
BBHIR broadband hemispherical in flux radiometer
BBHSR broadband hemispherical solar radiometer
BBL benthic boundary layer
bbl barrels (of oil)
BBSR Bermuda Biological Station for Research
BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council
BBSS balloon-borne sounding system
BBZ benthic boundary zone
BC black carbon
BCC British Coal Corporation (U.K.)
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BCF bioconcentration factor
BEMS Bioelectromagnetics Society
BEST Bilan Energetique du Systeme Tropical
Bet Grimco A-700 processor used for data collection
BF Biomass quantity burned in fields
BGC biogeochemical cycle
BGL British Gas Lurgi (gasifier)
BHD designation of an ice core drilled in 1977 at Law Dome, Antarctica
BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs (DOI)
BIBEX Biomass Burning Experiment (IGAC)
BiE Business in the Environment
BIGSTIG biomass integrated gasifier steam-injected gas turbine
BIG-TT BAHC-IGAC-GCTE Task Team
BIH Bureau International de l'Heure
BIOME global biome model
BIOMOVS Biospheric Model Validation Study
BIOSYNOP Biological Synoptic Ocean Prediction
BIOTRANS biological transformations (site at 47°N 20°W)
BIOTROP Regional Center for Tropical Biology
BIPM Bureau International de Poids et Mesures
BLM Bureau of Land Management (DOI)
BLS "Basic Linked System" scenario
BMAP Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program
BMC Baltic Marine Cooperation
BMFT Bundes Ministerium fur Forschung und Technologie (Germany)
BMG Meteorological and Geophysics Agency
BMRC Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (Australia)
BMWT Biofuels and Municipal Waste Technology (Division) (DOE)
BNA Block Numbering Area
BNAP Basic Hydrological Network Assessment Project
BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory
BNSC British National Space Centre
BO CH4 producing potential
BOB Bureau of the Budget
BOC Bureau of Census (DOC)
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BODC British Oceanographic Data Centre (Bidston)
BOF basic oxygen furnace
BOFS Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study (U.K.)
BOM benthic organic matter
BoM Bureau of Meteorology (DASET)
BOR Bureau of Reclamation (DOI)
BOREAS Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study
(BAHC and GEWEX)
BORIS BOREAS Information System
BP before present
BPA Bonneville Power Administration
BPKM billion passenger kilo metre
BPPT Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (Indonesia)
Bq Becquerel (symbol) (SI unit of activity of ionizing
radiation source)
BRDF bidirectional reflectance distribution function
BrO bromine monoxide
BRW Barrow Observatory (Barrow, Alaska) (CMDL)
Bs Natural forest biomass burned onsite
BSIP Birban Sahani Institute of Paleobotany
BSRN Baseline Surface Radiation Network
BTCs breakthrough curves (column-elution tests)
Btu British thermal unit
BUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation (of data)
BuREC Bureau of Reclamation (now WPR)
BUV Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer
BVE Barotropic vorticity equation
BW bulk water
BWTP Basalt Waste Isolation Project
C
13C carbon-13 (carbon isotope with atomic weight of 13)
14C carbon-14 (carbon isotope with atomic weight of 14)
C carbon
C Celsius, centigrade
C/A Coarse/Acquisition GPS signal structure
C&W Animal population ratio living in warm climate region
C-MACCS Centre for Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation
C3AT Ch3 Albedo Test (AVHRR)
ca. circa
CAA Central Arid Asia (START)
CAA Clean Air Act (1970)
CAAP Composition and Acidity of Southeast Asian Precipitation
CAC Climate Analysis Centre (now CPC) (WMO)
CAC Committee on Atmospheric Chemistry
CACGP Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAS)
CAD computer-aided design/ drafting/drawing
CADD computer-aided design and drafting
CAeM Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (WMO)
CAF Clean Air Facility
CAgM Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (WMO)
Cal/Val calibration/validation
CALCOFI California Cooperative Fisheries Investigation
CAM crassulacean acid metabolism
CAMS Control and Monitoring System
CAO cold air outbreak
CAP Central Arizona Project (USBR)
CAPPI Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator
CAR Caribbean (START)
CARBICE Carbon Dioxide Intercalibration Experiment (IGAC)
CARDS climatological aerological reference data set
CARS Climate Applications Referral System
CARS coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
CART Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM)
CAS Chemical Abstract Series
CAS Chinese Academy of Science
CAS Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO)
CASA Inter-Union Commission on the Application of Science to Agriculture,
Forestry, and Aquaculture (ICSU)
CASSAD Centre for African Settlement Studies and Development
CAST Chinese Academy of Science and Technology
CAT computerized axial tomography
CBA cost benefit analysis
CBO Congressional Budget Office (U.S.)
CBS Commission for Basic Systems (WMO)
CC Combined Cycle
CCAM Chikuko Cha Amayi M'Malawi (Women's NGO)
CCAQ Consultative Committee on Administrative Questions
CCC Canadian Climate Centre
CCCN CDIAC Computing System Network
CCCO Committee on Climate Changes and the Ocean (SCOR and IOC)
CCCP California Institute of Technology Concurrent Computation Project
CCD charge-coupled device (camera)
CCDB Carbon content of dead biomass
CCDP Climate Change Detection Project
CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
CCI Commission for Climatology (WMO)
CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (ITU)
CCITT International Consultative Committee on Telegraphs and
Telecommunications (ITU)
CCIW Canadian Centre for Inland Waters
CCL Central CO2 Laboratory, SIO (WMO)
CCLB Carbon content of living biomass
CCM1 community climate model one
CCM2 community climate model two (NCAR)
CCM community climate model
CCM0 Community Climate Model (NCAR)
CCM2 Community Climate Model (version 2)
CCMS Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
CCN cloud condensation nuclei
CCOP Committee for the Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral
Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (Indonesia)
CCRS Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
CCSDS Consultative Committee for Standard Data Services
CCT computer-compatible tape
CD Chemistry Division
CD community development
CD compact disc
CDAS Climate Data Assimilation System
CDC Control Data Corporation
CDCR conceptual design and cost review
CDDIS Crustal Dynamics Data Information System
CDF common data format
CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
(formerly CDIC) (ORNL/DOE)
CDIC Carbon Dioxide Information Center (now CDIAC)
CDMS Cryospheric Data Management System
CDNC Cloud drop number concentration
CDOS Customer Data and Operations System
CDP Crustal Dynamics Project (NASA)
CDRD Carbon Dioxide Research Division
CD-ROM compact disc-read only memory
CDRP Carbon Dioxide Research Program
CDW Circumpolar Deep Water
CE Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy
CE Combusion Efficiency
CEA cause-and-effect analysis
CEA Central Electricity Authority (India)
CEA Council of Economic Advisors
CEA Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (France)
CEAREX Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment
CEC cation exchange capacity
CEC Commission of European Communities
CEDAR Coupled Energetics and Dynamics of the Atmospheric Regions
CEDDA Center for Experiment Design and Data Analysis (NOAA)
CEEM Center for Energy and Environmental Management
CEES Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences
(formerly CES; replaced by CENR)
CEI Center for Environmental Information
CEM cumulus ensemble model
CEMA Council of Mutual Economic Aid (Russian Federation, formerly U.S.S.R.)
CEN European Committee for Standardization (EC)
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (EC)
CENR Committee on Environmental and Natural
Resources (U.S. NCST)
CENTO Central Treaty Organization
CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
CEP circular error probability
CEP Comite Ecumenico de Proyectos
CEPAL Comision Economica para America Latina (Spain) (ECLA)
CEPAL Economic Commission for Latin America (Spain) (ECLA)
CEPEX Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment
CEPT Conference Europeenne des Administration des Postes et
Telecommunications (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations)
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality (U.S.)
CER carbon dioxide exchange rate
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (1980) (Superfund)
CERES Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (EOS)
CERES Crop Environment Resource Synthesis
CERGA Centre d'Etudes et de Rechereches Geodynamiques et Astronomiques
CERL Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory (EPA)
CERN Chinese Ecological Research Network
CERN European Laboratory for Particle Physics
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research
CERP Cooperative Ecological Research Project (PRC,
Germany, and UNESCO)
CERSAT French group for processing ERTS-1 low bit rate data from ocean areas
CES Committee on Earth Sciences (now CEES)
CETA Carbon Emissions Trajectory Assessment
CETA Comprehensive Education and Training Administration
CF concentration factor
CF Carbon Fraction
CFAGB Carbon fraction of above ground biomass
CFC chlorofluorocarbon
CFC chlorinated fluorocarbon
CFC-11 CC13F, trichlorofluoromethane, Freon-11
CFC-12 CCl2F2, dichlorodifluoromethane, Freon-12
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane
CFEM combined fates and effects model
CFF Carbon fraction of fuel
CFM Chlorofluoromethane
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFRI Central Fuel Research Institute (India)
CGBAPS Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station
CGC Committee on Global Change
CGC Management and Coordination Advisory Committee
CGCM coupled atmosphere/ocean general circulation model
CGCP Canadian Global Change Program
CGED Committee on Geophysical Environmental Data (NAS)
CGES Center for Global Environmental Studies
CGMS Coordination of Geostationary Meteorological Satellites
CGMW Commission for the Geological Map of the World
CGO Cape Grim (Tasmania) (baseline station)
CH4 methane
CH4-C Methane-carbon ratio
CH3CL methyl chloride
CH3CCl3 methylchloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane)
CHAMMP Computer Hardware, Advanced
Mathematics, and Model Physics (Climate Modeling Program)CHEMRAWN Chemical Research Applied to World Needs (IUPAC)
CHP Combined Heat and Power
CHRIS Chemical Hazard Response Information System
CH.SS Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought
Control in the Sahel (CILSS)
CHy Commission for Hydrology (WMO)
CI Conservation International (Washington, D.C.) (NGO)
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CIAP Climate Impact Assessment Program
CIAP Inter-American Committee for the Alliance for Progress
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CIE Chinese Institute of Electronics
CIEA Committee on International Environmental Activities
CIESIN Consortium for International Earth Science
Information Network (U.S.)
CIG Commonwealth Industrial Gases (U.K.)
CIHEAM Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Mediterraneenes
CIL Coal India Limited
CILSS Comite Inter-Etats pour la Lutte Contre la
Secheresse au Sahel (CH.SS) (consists of Chad,
Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta, and Cape Verde Islands)
CIMO Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO)
CIMSS Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies
CINOF Campaign for Integrated Observations of Solar Flares
CIR color-infrared (film)
CIRAC Canadian Institute for Research in Atmospheric Chemistry
CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (University
of Colorado, Boulder)
CIRT cirrus test
CIS CDIAC Information System
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference
CISTI Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information
CIT California Institute of Technology
CITE Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation
CIUS Conseil International des Unions Scientifiqes (ICSU)
CKE cumulus kinetic energy
CLAES cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer
CLARET Cloud Lidar and Radar Exploratory Test
CLASS Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System
CLAVR Clouds from AVHRR
CLI Climate Change (project)
CLIC Climate Inventory and Catalog
CLICOM climate computing
CLIMAP Climate Long-Range Investigation Mapping and Prediction (project)
CLIMAP Climate Applications Project (WMO)
CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability (WCRP)
ClNO3 chlorine nitrate
ClO chlorine monoxide
ClO2 chlorine dioxide
ClONO2 chlorine nitrate
ClNO3 chlorine nitrate
CLP Contract Laboratory Program (EPA)
CLRI Central Leather Research Institute (India)
CLS Collected Localization Satellites (France)
cm centimeter
cm3 cubic centimeter (milliliter)
CMA Cement Manufacturers' Association (U.S.)
CMAP Climate Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (program)
CMC Canadian Meteorological Centre
CMD Coordinator for Multi-lateral Development Program
CMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics
Laboratory (Boulder, Colorado) (NOAA and ERL)
CME Community Modelling Effort (U.K.)
CMIE Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy
CMM Commission for Marine Meteorology (WMO)
CMP Climate Modelling Programme
CMP computer modeling package
CMRS Coal Mines Research Station
CMS Configuration Management System
CN condensation nuclei
CNC condensation nucleus counter
CNES Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales (French
Space Agency)
CNET Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications (France)
CNG compressed natural gas
CNR Committee on Natural Resources
CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)
CNRET Centre for Natural Resources Energy and Transport (UN)
CNRS National Scientific Research Center (Centre Nationale de la Recherche
Scientifique) (France)
CO carbon monoxide
CO-C Carbon monoxide carbon trace gas emission
CO2 carbon dioxide
COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
COARE Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA and WCRP)
COBIOTECH Scientific Committee for Biotechnology (ICSU)
CODATA Committee on Data for Science and Technology (ICSU)
CODMAC Committee on Data Management, Archiving, and Computation
COE U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers
COGEOMAP Federal-State Cooperative Geologic Mapping
COHMAP Cooperative Holocene Mapping Project
Co-I co-investigator
COLA Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
COM Communication Department
CONA Committee for OWSE-North America
CoP Conference of the Parties to the FCCC
COPS continuously operating per fluorocarbon sniffer
COPUOS Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN)
Corp. Corporation (spell out in text; abbreviate in references, lists tables, footnotes,
bibliographies, and indexes)
COS Carbonyl sulfide
CoSAMC Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology
(WMO)
COSPAR Committee on Space Research (ICSU)
COST Committee on Science and Technology (ASEAN)
COSTED Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries
(ICSU)
COW Committee on Water
COWAR Committee on Water Research (ICSU and UATI)
COWRR Committee on Water Resources Research
CPA Centrally Planned Asia
CPC Climate Prediction Center (formerly CAC)
CPE Eastern Europe (also called Centrally Planned Europe)
CPEs Centrally-planned economies
CPM critical path method
CPMS climatological prediction by model statistics
CPO Core Project Office (IGBP)
CPP cloud photopolarimeter
CPPC Core Project Planning Committee (IGBP)
CPRS cloud-profiling radar system
CPS certified professional secretary
CPU central processing unit
CPUE catch per unit effort
CRC Climate Research Committee
CRC cyclic redundancy check
CRD Carbon released from dead biomass
CRE Coal Research Establishment of BCC (U.K.)
CRE Centro Ricerche Energia, Italy (ENEA)
CREN Chemical Research and Environmental Needs
CREO Cryosphere Research on Qingzang Plateau
CRESP Coordinated Research and Environmental Surveillance Programme
(NEA)
CRF cloud radiative forcing
CRI Climate Research Institute (Oklahoma State University)
CRIC Computerized River Information System (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service)
CRL Carbon released from living biomass
CRM certified reference material
CRP Climate Research Program
CRPE Centre de Recherches en Physique de l'Environment Terrestre et Planetaria
CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (COE)
CRS cavity-ringdown spectrometer
CRT cathode-ray tube
CRU Climatic Research Unit (UEA, Norwich, U.K.)
CRYSYS Cryospheric System
CS Computer Services Department
CS Carbon stored
CSA Canadian Space Agency
CSA Chinese Society of Astronautics
CSATA Centra Studi e Applicazioni in Tecnologie Avanzate (Italy)
CSD Commission on Sustainable Development
CSEC Centre for the Study of Environmental Change (University of Lancaster)
CSELI Centra Studi e Laboratori Telecommunicazioni (Italy)
CSERGE Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment
(UEA and University College, London)
CSES Center for the Study of Earth from Space (University of Colorado, Boulder)
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa)
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization (Australia)
CSIRO/DAR CSIRO/Division of Atmospheric Research
(Australia)
CSM climate system monitoring
CSMP Climate System Modeling Program
CSO Central Statistical Organization
CSPP Collaborative Special Project and Programme
CSR Centra de Sensores Remotes (Italy)
CSRS Cooperative State Research Service
CST CHAMMP Science Team
CSTR Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Research (BASC)
CSU Colorado State University (Fort Collins)
CTD Chemical Technology Division (ORNL)
CTD conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor
(instrument)
CTD continuous-temperature-depth
CTM Chemistry/Transport Models
CTS Committee on the Teaching of Science
CTSS Cray time-sharing system
CU University of Colorado
CUF capacity utilization factor
cv Calorific Value
C.V. coefficient of variation (math)
CVS Conference and Visitors' Services
CW continuous wave
CW "Conventional Wisdom" scenario, World Bank, 1990
CWA Clean Water Act (1977)
CWR continuous-wave radar
CWSF Chemical Waste Storage Facility
CY calendar year
CZCS coastal zone color scanner
CZM Coastal Zone Management
CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act (1972)
D
D/H deuterium/hydrogen (ratio)
1-D one-dimensional
2-D two-dimensional
3-D three-dimensional
4-D four-dimensional
4DDA four-dimensional (4D) data assimilation
1-D RCM one-dimensional radiative-convective model
2-D RCAM two-dimensional radiative-advective-convective equilibrium model
D Deuterium (also abbreviated as 2D or 2H)
DAAC Data Active Archive Center
DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center
DAC Data Assembly Centre (WOCE)
DADS Data Archive and Distribution System
DAEDALUS Documenting Aerosol Electromagnetics, Defining Aerosol Lifetimes, and
Understanding Sources (Research Stations)
DAR Division of Atmospheric Research (CSIRO)
(Aspendale, Victoria, Australia)
DARA Deutsche Agentur fur Raumfahrtangelegenheiten (Germany)
DARE data rescue
DARPA U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAS data-assimilation system
DAS data acquisition system
DAS direct access system
DASA Deutsche Aerospace Administration
DASET Department of the Arts, Sports, the
Environment, Tourism, and Territories (formerly DASETT)
DASETT Department of the Arts, Sports, the
Environment, Tourism, and Territories (now DASET)
DAT Department of Science and Technology
DB direct-beam (irradiance)
DB direct broadcast
DBE Deep Basin Experiment
dbh diameter at breast height
DBMS data base management systems (Deutsche Forschungs-und Versuchsanstalt fur
Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)
DBS Doppler beam swinging
DC United States Department of Commerce
DC developing country
DC Dairy cattle
D.C. District of Columbia
DCAR Danish Centre for Atmospheric Research
DCDS Digital Cartographic Data Standard
DCDSTF Digital Cartographic Data Standards Task Force (Composed of members of
the NCDCDS and FICCDC/SWG)
DCF Discounted Cash Flow
DCP data collection platform
DCP-OES direct coupled plasma--optical emission spectroscopy
DCS data collection system
DCT dedicated carbon tax
DD degree day
DDF descriptive data file
DDL direct downlink
DDMP domain-decomposition-message-passing
DDRP Direct/Delayed Response Project
DDT dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (insecticide)
DE dynamics explorer
DE Decay
DE08 designation for an ice core drilled in 1977 at Law Dome, Antarctica
DEBITS Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species (IGAC)
DEC Digital Equipment Corporation
DECNet Digital Equipment Corporation Network
Dehydrite magnesium perchlorate anhydrous granular
dE/dt rate of evaporation (moisture loss from soil)
DEIS Draft Environmental Impact Statement
DEM digital elevation model
DEMR Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources
(Canada)
DEW distant early warning
DGCM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
DGLR Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)
DGVM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (GAIM)
DH chromosome-doubled haploid
DHCN Daily Historical Climate Network
DHHS United States Department of Health and Human Services
DHS Department of Human Services
DI Directorate
DIA Denmark's Academy for Engineering
DIAL Differential Absorption Lidar
DIC dissolved inorganic carbon
DICE Dynamic Integrated Climate Economy
DIDAC digital data acquisition system
DIF Data Interchange Format
DIS Data and Information Systems (EOS and IGBP)
Discovery Research vessel (U.K.)
DISORT discrete ordinate (model)
DIS-SC DIS Standing Committee
DISSPLA Display Integrated Software System and Plotting Language
DIU Data Information Unit
DIW Department of Industrial Works
DKD Deutscher Kalibrierdienst
DLG digital line graph
DLG-E digital line graph-enhanced
DLR Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany)
DLS dynamic limb sounder
DM Data Management (WMO and WWW)
DM deep monitoring (wells)DMA Defense Mapping Agency (U.S.)
DMA direct memory access (computer term)
DMDS dimethyl disulfide
DM-MIMD distributed memory, multiple instruction, multiple data (computer)
DMS data management system
DMS dimethyl sulfide or dimethylsulphide
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (U.S.)
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DND Department of National Defense (Canada)
DNES Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources (India)
DOA United States Department of Agriculture
DOAI Department of Agriculture, Indonesia
DOAS differential optical absorption spectroscopy
DOC dissolved organic carbon
DOC United States Department of Commerce
DOD United States Department of Defense
DOD Deutsches Ozeanographisches Datenzentrum (Germany)
DOE Department of the Environment (Canada)
DOE United States Department of Energy
DOI United States Department of Interior
DOJ United States Department of Justice
DOL United States Department of Labor
DOLY Dynamic Global Phytogeography Model (GCTE)
DOM dissolved organic macromolecules
DOM dissolved organic matter
DOMSAT Domestic Communications Satellite
DOMSTAR communications relay set
DOPLID Doppler lidar
DORIS Determination d'Orbite et Radio Positionement Integre par Satellite (France)
DORIS Doppler Orbit and Radio Positioning Integration by Satellite
DOS Department of Space
DOS United States Department of State
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOT United States Department of Transportation
DOY day of year
DP direct playback
DPC display code (CDC)
DPC Domestic Policy Council
DPR development planning review
(D)PR dual precipitation radar
DPS Digital Photogrammetry System
DQO Data Quality Objectives
DRAW Direct Read After Write Animation System
DRS Data Relay Satellite
DRSS Data Relay Satellite System
DSB direct sounding broadcast
DSDP deep sea drilling project
DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
(now SRC) (U.K.)
DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences
(New Zealand)
DSM demand-side management
DSN Deep Space Network
DSP digital signal processing
DSRT Deep Sea Reversing Thermometer
DSS Data Support Section (NCAR)
DST data system tests
DST Department of Science and Technology
DTD digital terrain data
DTH Technical University of Denmark
DTR Diurnal temperature range
DU Dobson units
DUNDEE Down Under Doppler and Electricity Experiment
DWBM Office of Defense Waste Byproducts Management
DWS Doppler wind sensor
DYFAMED atmospheric dynamics and fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea (France)
(JGOFS)
DYN Dynamic Systems Project
E
E/GDP Ratio of energy consumption to gross domestic product
E/GNP Ratio of energy consumption to gross national product
EADS Environmental Assessment Data System
EARSeL European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories
EAS Environmental Analyses Section (ORNL)
EAs Environmental Assessments
EASIZ Ecology of the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone
EASOE European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment
EAWEP East Asia and Western Pacific
EAZO Energy Active Zones of the Ocean
EBBR Energy-Balance Bowen Ratio
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Data Interchange Code (IBM)
EBM energy-balance model
EC eddy correlation
EC electron capture
EC elemental carbon
EC Environment Canada
EC European Community
EC European Communities or Commission of the European Communities
EC executive committee
EC Executive Council (WMO)
ECA Economic Commission for Africa (UN)
ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East
ECAMP Environmental Compliance Assessment and Management Program
(USAF)
ECC electrochemical concentration cell
ECD effective cutoff diameter
ECD electron capture detector (GC)
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems
ECE Economic Commission for Europe (UN)
ECG Ecosystem Conservation Group (UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, and IUCN)
EC-GC electron capture-gas chromatograph
ECHAM European Centre/Hamburg Model (ECMWF/MPI)
ECHIVAL European International Project on
Climate and Hydrological Interactions between Vegetation, Atmosphere, and Land
Surfaces (BAHC and EPOCH)
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN)
ECLIPS Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (U.K.)
Ecom. EOS communications
ECN Netherlands Energy Research Foundation
ECN Environmental Change Network
ECOMARGE ecology of the continental margins (France) (JGOFS)
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN)
ECOWARM European Committee for Water Resources Management (IAHS)
ECS Environmentally Compatible Energy Strategies (project)
ECS EOSDIS Core System
ECSL European Centre for Space Law
ECTF Edinburgh Centre for Tropical Forests
ECU Environmental Change Unit (Oxford)
ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia
ED Energy Division
EDA elevation difference accuracy
EDAS particulate/radon data system
EDC EROS Data Center
EDD Exchange of Digital Data
EDI electronic Data Interchange
EDI Equivalent-damage index
EDIS Environmental Data and Information Service
EDOS EOS Data and Operations System
EDP electronic data processing
EDS Environmental Data Service
EDSG Energy Demand Steering Group
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic (acid)
EDX energy-dispersive X-ray (analysis)
EDXS energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
EEC European Economic Communities
EEC European Economic Commission
EEFSU Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union
EEI Edison Electric Institute
EEP east equatorial Pacific
EER external engineering review
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone
EF Emission Factor
EFCC Externally Fired Combined Cycle
EFEDTA European Field Experiment in Decertification Threatened Area
(ECHIVAL and BAHC)
EFQ Estimated fuel quantity consumed (Used to determine carbon stored)
e.g. exempli gratia (for example) use only in parentheses or footnotes,
followed by a comma)
EGCM Eddy-resolving General Circulation Model
EGE Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
EG&G Edgerton, Germeshauser, and Greer
EGS European Geophysical Society
EIA Energy Information Administration (DOE)
EIPO European IGAC Project Office Steering
Committee
EIS environmental impact statement
EISCAT European Incoherent Scatter Facility
EISMV Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et de Medecine Veterinaire (Dakar)
EJ exajoule (1018 joules)
E-LIDAR experimental lidar
ELS Eastern Lake Survey
ELV expendable launch vehicle
EM electromagnetic
EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
EMEP Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and
Evaluation of Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe
EMEP-CCC EMEP-Chemical Coordination Centre
EMEX Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment
EMF Energy Modelling Forum
EML Environmental Measurements Laboratory (DOE)
EMOC EOSDIS Mission Operations Center
EMR electromagnetic radiation
EMSL Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EPA)
EMSL-LV Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - Las Vegas (Nevada)
(EPA)
En Natural forest biomass used for energy
ENEA Energia Nucleare e delle Energie Alternative
(Italy)
ENEA Italian National Agency for New technology, Energy and the Environment
ENRIC Environment and Natural Resources Information Center
ENRICH European Network for Research on Global Change (CEC)
ENSO El Nino/Southern Oscillation (coupled oceanic-atmospheric change)
ENVISAT environmental satellite
EOC Earth Observation Center (NASDA)
EOC EOS Operations Center (NASA)
EOCAP Earth Observation Commercialization Application Program
EODC Earth Observing Data Center (U.K.)
EOF empirical orthogonal function
EO-ICWG Earth Observations International Coordination Working Group
EOPM electro-optic phase modulation
EORCU European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit
EOS Earth Observing System (U.S.)
EOS-AERO EOS Aerosol Mission
EOS-ALT EOS Altimetry Mission
EOS-AM EOS Morning Crossing (ascending) Mission or
Earth Observing System (morning pass)
EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite (commercial operator for satellite systems in
the U.S.)
EOS-CHEM EOS Chemistry Mission
EOSC Earth Observations Science Committee (of ESA)
EOSDIS EOS Data and
Information System
EOSP Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter
EOS PM Earth Observing System (afternoon pass) or EOS Afternoon Crossing (descending) Mission
EOTC European Organization for Testing and Certification (EC)
EP Earth Probe
EP extraction procedure (RCRA and EPA)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)
EPA Environmental Protection Authority (Victoria, Australia)
EPC Environmental Protection Committee (Bahrain)
EPD European Pollen Database
EPER Environmental Processes and Effects Research (program)
EPI environmental productivity index
EPICA European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica (PAGES)
EPO EOS Project Office
EPOCH European Programme on Climate and
Hazards (EEC)
EPOP European Polar-Orbiting Platform
EPOPE Etude de Processes dans l'Ocean Pacifique Equatorial
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute (Palo Alto,
California)
EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
EQPAC Equatorial Pacific (JGOFS)
ER Office of Energy Research
ER-2 Extended Range U-2 (aircraft)
ERB Earth Radiation Budget
ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
ERBES Earth Radiation Budget Explorer Satellite
ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
ERD Ecological Research Division (DOE and OHER)
ERDA U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (formerly AEC; now DOE)
ERDAS Earth Resources Data Analysis Systems
ERFEN Estudio Regional del Fenomeno El Nino
ERFU Environmental Restoration and Facilities Upgrade Program
ERIM Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
ERL Environmental Research Laboratory (Boulder,
Colorado) (NOAA)
ERNets Energy Research Networks
ERNI wet-only rainfall collector
EROC Ecological Rates of Change (NSF)
EROS Earth Resources Observation Satellite
EROS Earth Resources Observation System
EROS European River Ocean System (EEC)
ERP Environmental Research Parks
ERS Economic Research Service
ERS Earth Resources (or remote sensing) Satellite
ERS ESA Remote Sensing Satellite
ERS European Remote-Sensing Satellite
ERS-1 European Remote-Sensing Satellite-1
ERS-2 European Remote-Sensing Satellite-2
ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite (now Landsat)
ERTS-1 Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1
ESA Ecological Society of America
ESA Endangered Species Act (1973)
ESA Entomological Society of America
ESA Equatorial South America (START)
ESA European Space Agency
ESA/IRS European Space Agency/Information Retrieval Service
ESAD Earth Science and Applications Division (NASA
HQ)
ESAER European Space Agency's Earth Resources (Satellite)
ESAM Institute for Environmental Science and Management
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN)
ESD Environmental Sciences Division (ORNL)
ESDIS Earth Science Data and Information System
ESF European Science Foundation
ESF/EPC ESF/European Palaeoclimate and Man Project
(holocene climate)
ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme
ESMR electronically (electrically) scanning microwave radiometer
ESOC European Space Operations Center
ESRC Environmental Science Research Center
ESRC Economic and Social Research Council
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
ESSA U.S. Environmental Science Services Agency
(forerunner of NOAA)
ESSC Earth System Sciences Committee
ESTAR electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ARM)
ESTEC European Space Research and Technology Centre
ESTEC European Space Technology Centre (Netherlands)
ET evapotranpiration
ETA estimated time of arrival
ETAC Environmental Technical Applications Center (U.S.
Air Force)
ETAP Expanded Technical Assistance Program
ETC Energy Technology Center
ETC European Telecommunications Standards Institute (EC)
etc. and others especially of the same kind; and so forth
ETF Engineered Test Facility
ETF Environmental Task Force
ETI Economic Transition and Integration (project)
ETM enhanced thematic mapper (Landsat)
ETRP Education and Training Programme (WMO)
ETSA electron transport system activity
ETV electrothermal vaporizer
EU Agri-residue utilized for energy supply
EU European Union
EUMELI eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic sites (France) (JGOFS)
EUMETSAT European Organization for the
Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
EUR Bureau of European Affairs
EURECA European Retrievable Carrier
EUROSTART European Planning Committee for START
EUROTRAC European Experiment on Transport and
Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents (in the Troposphere
over Europe)
EUV extreme ultraviolet
EVA extra vehicular activity
EXCOMM Executive Committee
EZE Asociacion Protestante de Cooperacion para el Desarrollo en Alemania
F
%FCO Fraction of carbon oxidized
f Fraction
FAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)
FAB Finance and Budget
FAB Fraction actually burned
FABF Fraction of agri-residue burned in fields
FACE free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (GCTE)
FAD Fraction actually degrades
FAGS Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services (ICSU)
FAI Fertilizer Association of India
FANGIO Feedback Analysis for GCM Intercomparison
and Observations
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) (ICSU)
FAP Food and Agriculture Project
FAPIS Formation en Amenagement Pastoral Integre au Sahel
FAQ Frequently Asked Question
FAR Federal Acquisition Regulations
FARS Facility for Atmospheric Remove Sensing
FASINEX Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment
FAST Fourier amplitude-sensitivity test
FATE Formation of Aerosol and their Transformation over Europe (EUROTRAC)
FB Fraction burned annually
FBS Frontal Boundary Study
FBC Fluidized Bed Combustor
FC Fuel Consumption
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change
FCCSET Federal Coordinating Council for Science,
Engineering, and Technology (now NSTC)
FCDS Fleet Consolidated Data Set (U.S. Navy)
FCST Federal Council for Science and Technology
FD Fraction that is dead
FDA facility disposal area
FDH Fixed Dynamical Heating
FDI field data investor
FDM finite difference method
FDOC Fraction of degradable organic carbon
FE Fossil Energy Program (DOE)
Fe iron
FEA Far East
FEDC Fusion Energy Design Center
FEDMAP Federal Geologic Mapping Project
FEIS final environmental impact statement
FeLINE Iron as a Limiting-Nutrient Experiment (CSIRO)
FEM finite element method
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.)
FEMA Finite Element Model of Material Transport through Aquifers
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FEWA Finite Element of Water Flow through Aquifers
FF free format
FFES Fossil Free Energy System
FFO Fraction of oxidized
FFT fast Fourier transformation
FGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee (U.S.
National Ocean Service)
FGD Flue Gas Desulphurisation
FGDC Federal Geographic Data Commission
FGEF Federal Geographic Exchange Format
FGGE First GARP
Global Experiment (WMO)
FGGE SOP FGGE Special Observing Period
FICCDC Federal Interagency Coordinating
Committee on Digital Cartography (USGS)
FICCDC/SWG FICCDC/Standards Working Group (U.S.)
FID flame ionization detector (GC)
FIELD Foundation for International Environmental Law and Development
FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FIN Fish Information Network (data base)
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard
FIRE First ISCCP Regional Experiment
FIREIFO First ISCCP Regional Experiment
FIRESCAN Fire Research Campaign Asia-North
FIT Field Investigation Team (EPA)
FIZ Fachinformationszentrum
FL Fraction that live
FLAIR Measurement of Micronutrient Absorption and Status
FLINN Fiducial Laboratories for an International Natural Sciences Network
FLM federal land manager (e.g., National Park Service)
FLUPAC flux dans l'ouest du Pacifique equatorial (France) (JGOFS)
FMFR four-minus-five restoral
FMFT four-minus-five test
FNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center (U.S. Navy)
FNWC Fleet Numerical Weather Center (U.S. Navy)
FO furnace oil
FOAM Fates of Aromatic Model
FOLD federally owned Landsat data
FOR Forestry Resources (project)
FORAST Forest Response to Anthropogenic Stress (model)
FORET Forest of East Tennessee (model)
FORTE fast on-orbit recording of transient events
FORTRAN FORmula TRANslation (a computer language)
FOT flight operations team
FOT Fourier Optical Transform
FOV field-of-view (of vision)
FPD flame photometric detector
FR Federal Register (use with numbers in text; use "Fed. Regis." in
reference lists)
Fr Quantity of biomass cleared annually from natural forests
Fr Fraction of liquid waste treated anaerobically (In methane emissions from
municipal liquid waste)
FRAM Fine Resolution Antarctic Model (U.K.)
FRG Federal Republic of Germany (now Germany)
FRI Forest Research Institute
FRLAB Front Range Lidar, Aircraft, and Balloon (experiment)
FRONTAL frontal process studies (France) (JGOFS)
FRR fast repetition rate
FRRPA Forest and Rangeland Renewable Planning Act (1974)
FS Forest Service (USDA)
FSI Forest Survey of India
FSL Forecast Systems Laboratory (ERL and NOAA)
FSSP forward scattering spectrometer probe
FST field support terminal
FSU Florida State University (Tallahasee)
FT Free troposphere
FTIR Fourier transform infrared
FTIR Fourier transform infrared radiometer (spectroscopy)
FTP file transfer protocol
FTP/A field task proposal/agreement
FTS Fournier transform spectrometer
FTS full turbulence simulation
FTS file transfer system
FTU Formazin turbidity unit
FUA Fuel Use Act
FW filter wheel
FWCA Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (1958)
FWM food web model
FWP Field Work Proposal
FWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972)
FWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
FWWTA Fraction of waste water treated anaerobically
FY fiscal year
G
G-1 Gulfstream-1 (airplane)
G-7 Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom,
United States
g gram
GA geographic analysis
GAC global area coverage
GAGE Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
GAIM Global Analysis, Interpretation, and Modelling
(IGBP)
GH Gas Heater
GALE Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment
GAME GEWEX-related Asian Monsoon Experiment
GAMETAG Global Atmospheric Measurements Experiment of Tropospheric
Aerosols and Gases
GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program (WMO, ICSU, and NOAA)
GATE GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
GATE Global Atmosphere Tropical Experiment
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GAW Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO)
GBF/DIME Geographic Base Files/Dual Independent Map Encoding (U.S. Census Bureau)
Gbps gigabits per second
GBSRN Global Baseline Surface Radiation Network
GC gas chromatography (chromatograph)
GCC global change category
GCCD Global Climate Change Digest (CEI)
GCDB Geographic Coordinates Data Base
GCDIS Global Change Data and Information System
GCEP Global Change Education Program
GCHC Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center (USGS)
GCIP GEWEX
Continental-Scale International Project
GCM General (global) Circulation Model
GCM Global Climate Model
GC/MS gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
GCO Generation Certification Official (waste generation)
GCOS Global Climate Observing System (WMO, IOC, UNEP, and ICSU)
GCP Ground Control Point
GCPI Cape Grim Photochemical Intensive (CSIRO)
GCRIO Global Change Research Information Office
GCRP Global Change Research Program
GCSS GEWEX Cloud System Study
GCSS Global Cloud Systems Study
GCTE Global Change in Terrestrial Ecosystems
(program) (IGBP)
GCTE-SSC GCTE Scientific Steering Committee
GCTM Global Chemical Transport Model
GCV gross calorific value
GDAAC Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center
GDAS Grimco data acquisition system
GDC Global Data Centre
GDP gross domestic product
GDPS Global Data-Processing System (WMO and WWW)
GDSIDB Global Digital Sea-Ice Data Bank (WMO/CMM)
GDR Geophysical Data Record
GDR German Democratic Republic (now Germany)
GE General Electric
GEBA Global Energy Balance Archive
GEC global environment change
GEDEX Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment
GEF Global Environment Facility (WB, UNDP, and UNEP)
GEF Global Environmental Fund
GEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity (IGAC)
GEISA Gestion et d'Etude des Information Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques
GEM Geospace Environment Modeling
GEM-HEX Geochemical, Microbiological, and Hydrological Experiment
GEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System (UNEP)
GENESIS Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive Systems
GENIE Global Environmental Network for Information Exchange
GENLEAF generic models of leaf response
GEO Geostationary Earth Observation
GEOM geographically detailed model
GEOS Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite
Geos-3 Geodetic Satellite Mission (NASA)
Geosat Geologic Satellite (program) (USN)
Geosat Geodesy satellite (USN)
GEOSECS Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
GER Global Environmental Research (U.K.)
GERG Global Environment Research Group
GESAMP Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution
GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
(WCRP)
GF3 General Format No. 3
GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA)
GFDL Goddard Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GFLOPS one gigaflop equals 1 billion (109) floating point operations
per second (measure of computer processing capability)
GFO Geosat follow-on
GGI GPS geoscience instrument
GGI greenhouse-gas indices
GGS global geospace science
GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network
GHG greenhouse gas(es)
GHz gigahertz
GIF Graphical Interchange Format
GIM Global Integration and Modeling (IGAC)
GIMMS Global Inventory Modeling and Monitoring Study
GIS geographic information system (a system for
management, manipulation, analysis, and display of spatial data)
GISMO graphic-information-system modeling
GISP Greenland Ice Sheet Project (NSF and PAGES)
GISP2 Greenland Ice Sheet Project
GISP II Second Greenland Ice Sheet Project (U.S.)
GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA)
GIT gastrointestinal tract
GIT Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta)
GJ giga (109) joule
GL Geophysics Laboratory
GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (formerly
GLRS-A)
GLAS Goddard Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences
GLBC Great Lakes Basin Commission
GLI global imager
GLIS Global Land Information System
GLL Galileo
GLOBE Global Land One kilometer Base Elevation (DIS)
GLOBE Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment
GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SCOR)
GLOBEC Global Marine Ecosystem Dynamics (program)
GLOCARB Global Tropospheric Carbon Dioxide Network (IGAC)
GLOCHANT Global Change Research in the Antarctic (SCAR)
GLOCHEM Global Atmospheric Chemical Survey (IGAC)
GloED Global Emissions Database
GLONET Global Tropospheric Ozone Network (IGAC)
GLOSS Global Sea-Level Observing System (IOC)
GLRC Great Lakes Research Center (LSC and NOAA)
GLRD Great Lakes Research Division
GLRS Geoscience Laser Ranging System
GLRS-A Geoscience Laser Ranging System-Altimeter
(now GLAS)
GLRS-R Geoscience Laser Ranging System-Ranger
GMCC Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (now CMDL)
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (IMO)
GMP genetically modified plants
GMS Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (Japan)
GMSC Geologic Map Standards Committee (USGS)
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GNIS Geographic Names Information System (USGS)
GNP Gross National Product
GNO Gross Product Originating
GO3OS Global Ozone Observing System (WMO)
GOALS Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (program)
GOED Global Oceans Ecosystems Dynamics
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite
GOES Geosynchronous Operational Environmental Satellite
GOES Global Oceans Ecosystems Dynamics
GOES Global Omnibus Environmental Survey (HDGEC)
GOEZS Global Ocean Euphotic Zone Study (IGBP, SCOR, and WCRP)
GOF Global Ocean Flux
GOFS Global Ocean Flux Study
GOI government of India
GOIN Global Observation Information Network
GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
GOMI Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument
GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars
GOMR global ozone monitoring radiometer
GONG Global Oscillation Network Group
GOOS Global Ocean Observing System (IOC, UNESCO, WMO, and ICSU)
GOOS Global Ozone Observing System (IOC, UNESCO, WMO, and ICSU)
GOP Geographical Observatories Programme
GOS Global Observing System (WMO and WWW)
GOS :Geomagnetic Observing System
GPC Global Processing Center
GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Center (data base)
GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project
GPI GOES Precipitation Index
GPO Government Printing Office (U.S.)
GPS Global Positioning System
GPSDR Global Positioning System Demonstration Receiver
GR growth rate
GRADO CNES Gravity Satellite (France)
GRASS Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
GRDC Global Runoff Data Centre
GRECA Group of Experts on Accident Consequences (NEA and OECD)
GREENS Global Redevelopment with Energy Environment Sustainability
GREENTIE Greenhouse Gas Technology Information Exchange
GRGS Groupe de Recherches de Geodesic Spatiale (France)
GRID Global Resource Information Database (UNEP)
GRIP Greenland Icecore Project (PAGES) (Europe)
GRIMCO CGBAPS computing system
GRM NASA Gravity Satellite (U.S.)
GRO Gamma Ray Observatory (NASA)
GSA General Services Administration
GSA Geological Society of America
GS&M Modeling (task team)
GSC Geological Survey of Canada (DEMR)
GSF Gesellschaft fur Strahlen und Umweltforschung mbH Munchen (Germany)
GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)
GSL Gulf Stream Locale
GSMNP Great Smoky Mountains National Park
GSN Global Seismic Network
GSP Greenland Sea Project
GSPDC Geostationary Satellite Precipitation Data Centre
GSRN Global Surface Radiation Network
Gt gigaton (1,000 million tons)
GtC gigatons (or gigatonnes) of carbon
GTCC Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
GTCE Global Tropospheric Chemistry Experiment
GTE Global Tropospheric Experiment
GTOS Global Terrestrial Observing System
GTS Global Telecommunications System (WMO and
WWW)
GUI graphical user interface
GVap GEWEX Water Vapor Project ("GvaP"is
preferred)
GVaP GEWEX Water Vapor Project (preferred over
"GVap")
GW Gigawatt
GWE Global Weather Experiment
GWh giga watt hour
GWP greenhouse (global) warming potential
H
H-1211 Halon 1211; CBrClF2
H-1301 Halon 1301; CBrF3
H2 hydrogen
H2O water
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
ha hectare
HAAP high-altitude aerial photograph
HAE height above ellipsoid
HAGE human activity and global environment
HALOE Halogen Occultation Experiment
HALSS high-altitude lidar sensing station
HAMOCC Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle Model
HAO High Altitude Observatory (NCAR)
HAP hazardous air pollutant
HAPEX Hydrological-Atmospheric Pilot Experiment
(GEWEX)
HAPEX-MOBILHY HAPEX-MOdelisation du BILan
Hydrique
HARM Hazard Assessment Rating Methodology
HASL Health and Safety Laboratory
HASP High Altitude Sampling Program
HBJ Hazira-Bijapur-Jagdishpur (India)
HBL Hudson Bay Lowland
HBr hydrogen bromide
HBW half band-width
HCBP hexachlorobiphenol
HCCD Historical Canadian Climate Database
HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCFC-141b hydrochlorofluorocarbon-141b (CH3CCl2F)
HCFC-142b hydrochloroflourocarbon-142b (CH3CClF2)
HCFC-22 hydrochloroflourocarbon-22 (CHClF2,
chlorodifluoromethane)
HCHO formaldehyde (also written as CH2O)
HCl hydrogen chloride
HCMM Heat-Capacity Mapping Mission
HCMM/AEM-1 HCMM/Applications Explorer Mission-1
HCMR heat-capacity mapping radiometer
HCN Historical Climatology Network
HCN hydrogen cyanide
HCND Historical Climatology Network-Daily
HD hierarchical diagnosis
HDF hierarchical data format
HDGCB Human Dimensions of Global Change (programme) (UNU, ISSC, and IFIAS)
HDGEC Human Dimensions of Global Environmental
Change (programme) (ISSC)
HDP Human Dimensions Program (SEDAC)
HDP Human Dimensions of Global Environmental
Change Program (ISSC)
HDRL High-Dose Reference Laboratory
HDTV High-Definition Television
HEC Hydro-Electric Commission (Tasmania)
HECP Herbaceous Energy Crops Program
HEIFE Heihe River Field Experiment
HELCOM Helsinki Commission
HEM Harmonizations of Environmental Measurement (program)
HESS High Latitude Ecosystems as Sources and Sinks of Trace Gases (IGAC)
HEW Health, Education, and Welfare
HF hydrogen fluoride
HFC hydrofluorocarbon
HGCC Hot Gas Clean Up
HHMS Hydrostatic Head Monitoring Station
HHS Department of Health and Human Services
HHV Higher Heating Value (thermal efficiency basis)
HI human interactions
HIC Habitat International Coalition
HILDA high-latitude diffusive-advective model
HIMSS high-resolution microwave spectrometer
sounder (now MIMR)
HIRDLS high-resolution dynamics limb sounder
HIRIS high-resolution imaging spectrometer
HIRS high-resolution infrared radiation sounder
HIS high-resolution interferometer sounder
HIS high-spectral resolution interferometer sounder
HITRAN High Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database
HLQ holocellulose/lignocellulose quotient
HLW high-level waste
HMCRI Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute
HMMR high-resolution multifrequency microwave radiometer
HMSU high-resolution microwave sounding unit
HMTA Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
HMW high molecular weight
HNO3 nitric acid
HNRC HOMS National Reference Centre
HOC hydrophobic organic compounds
HOCl hypochlorous acid
HOMS Hydrological Operational Multipurpose
Subprogramme (OHP and WMO)
HOT Hawaii ocean time (series)
HOx odd hydrogen (OH and H2O2)
HP health physicist
HP health physics
HP Hewlett-Packard (gas chromatograph manufacturer)
HP High Pressure
HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications
HPCRC High Performance Computing Research Center (ORNL)
HPD Hydrometeorological Processes Division
HPLC high-precision liquid chromatography
HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatograph/chromatography
HPS Health Physics Society (Bethesda, Maryland)
HQ headquarters
HRDI high-resolution Doppler imager
HRE Homogeneous Reactor Experiment (impoundment)
HRIRS high-resolution infrared radiation sounder
HROI high-resolution optical instrument
HRPT high-resolution picture transmission (AVHRR)
HRS Hazard Ranking System (EPA)
HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator
HRV high resolution video (SPOT)
HRV high resolution visible
HSA Historic Sites Act (1935)
HSL Hazardous Substance List (EPA)
HSRL High Spectral Resolution Lidar
HSRP High Speed Research Program
HST Hawaii standard time
HST Hubble Space Telescope
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (1984)
html hypertext markup language
http hypertext transport protocol
HTW High Temperature Winkler gasifier
HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.)
HUMICAP Humidity sensor on drifters (FASINEX)
HVI high-volume impactor
HVS high-volume sampler
HWRP Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (WMO)
HYNET Intercomparison of Operational Hydrological Network Design
Techniques
Hz hertz (cycles per second)
I
3I improved initialization inversion
IAA International Academy of Astronautics
IABO International Association of Biological Oceanography (ICSU)
IABP International Arctic Buoy Programme
IAC International Activities Committee
IACG Interagency Committee on Geomatics (DEMR)
IACGEC Inter-Agency Committee on Global Environmental Change
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (UN)
IAEG International Association for Engineering Geology
IAF International Astronautical Federation
IAG International Association of Geodesy (IUGG)
IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Agronomy (IUGG)
IAGC International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry
IAH International Association of Hydrogeologists (IUGS)
IAHR International Association for Hydraulic Research
IAHS International Association of Hydrological
Sciences (IUGG)
IAI Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (START)
IAL International Association of Theoretical Applied Limnologists
IAMAP International Association of Meteorology and
Atmospheric Physics (IUGG)
IAMAP-IAHS IAMAP-International Association of
Hydrological Sciences (IUGG)
IAMAS International Association of Meteorology and
Atmospheric Sciences (IUGG and ICSU)
IAOPA International Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
IAP Institute of Atmospheric Physics
IAPSO International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IUGG and ICSU)
IAR Institute for Atmospheric Radioactivity (Feiberg, Germany)
IAS Image Analysis System
IASC International Arctic Sciences Committee
IASI infrared atmospheric sounding instrument
IASI improved atmospheric sounding interferometer
IASI infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer
IASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's
Interior (IUGG)
IASTED International Association of Science and
Technology for Development
IATA International Air Transport Association
IATUL International Association of Technological University Libraries
IAU International Astronomical Union
IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's
Interior (IUGG)
IAWPRC International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control
IBM International Business Machines (Corp.)
IBM PC International Business Machines Personal Computer
IBP International Biological Programme (ICSU)
IBP International Biophysical Program
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IBSRAM International Board for Soil Research and Management
IBSS Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (Russian Federation;
formerly U.S.S.R.)
IBWC International Boundary and Water Commission (Independent; U.S. and Mexico)
IC industrialized country
IC interaction coefficient
IC Intergovernmental Council
IC ion chromatography
ICA International Communication Agency
ICACGP International Commission on Atmospheric
Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAS)
ICALPE International Centre for Alpine Environments (Chambery, France)
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICAR International Center for Action Research
ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas
ICARUS Interagency Climate-Aerosol Radiative Uncertainties and Sensitivities
(Program)
ICAS International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences
ICASVR International Committee on Atmosphere-Soil-Vegetation Relations
(IAHS)
ICC Instrument Control Center
ICCE International Commission on Continental Erosion (IAHS)
ICDB Ice Core Data Bank
ICE International Cirrus Experiment
ICE International Cometary Explorer
ICEAR International Centre for Equatorial Atmospheric Research (Indonesia)
ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Seas
ICF Instrument Control Facility
ICGW International Commission on Ground Water (IAHS)
ICIC Intercalibrations-Intercomparisons (IGAC)
ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
ICID International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage
ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development for the
Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region (Katmandu, Nepal)
ICIP International Conference on Image Processing
ICL integrated cloud liquid
ICL International-Union Commission on the Lithosphere (ICSU)
ICLD International Commission on Large Dams
ICN ice condensation nuclei
ICOLD International Commission on Large Dams
ICP inductively coupled plasma emission (spectroscopy)
ICP/MS inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry
ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma--optical emission spectroscopy
ICPP Idaho Chemical Processing Plant
ICRAF International Council for Research in Agroforestry
ICRCCM Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models (program)
ICRM International Committee on Radionuclide Meteorology
ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection
ICRSDT International Committee on Remote Sensing and Data Transmission
(IAHS)
ICRU International Commission on Radiological Units
ICSC International Civil Service Commission
ICSD International Continental Scientific Drilling (program)
ICSI International Commission on Snow and Ice (IAHS)
ICSTI International Council for Scientific and Technical Information
ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions
ICSU-ACE ICSU Advisory Committee on the Environment
ICSW International Commission on Surface Water (IAHS)
ICTP International Centre for Theoretical Physics
ICWG International Coordination Working Group
ICWQ International Commission on Water Quality (IAHS)
ICWRS International Commission on Water Resources Systems (IAHS)
IDA International Development Agency
IDASS Integrated Data Assimilation and Sounding System
IDB Inter-American Development Bank
IDCCC Interior Department Cartographic Coordinating Committee (DOI)
IDCS Image Dissector Camera System
IDDSAC Interim Data Documentation Standard for ARC/INFO Averages
IDEAL International Decade for the East African Lakes (project) (PAGES)
IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
IDP Instrument Development Program
IDRI Thailand Development Research Institute
IDS interdisciplinary science
IDSS Integrated Data Sounding System
IDRI Thailand Development Research Institute
IEA Institute of Energy Analysis
IEA International Energy Agency
IEA/ORAU Institute of Energy Analysis/Oak Ridge Associated Universities
IEC Implementation and Effectiveness of International Environmental
Commitments
IEE Institution of Electrical Engineers
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
IEEE Institute for Electronics and Electrical Engineering
IELV intermediate expendable launch vehicle
IEM Institute of Experimental Meteorology
IEOS International Earth Observing System
IERS International Earth Reference System
IERS International Ellipsoid Reference System
IEW International Energy Workshop
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development (UN)
IFDC International Fertilizer Development Center
IFE Institute for Energy Technology (Norway)
IFIAS International Federation of Institutes for
Advanced Study
IFIM Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service)
IFMH Institut fur Meereskunde, Hamburg, Germany
IFMK Institut fur Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany
IFN Ice-freezing nuclei
IFO intensive field observation
IFOV instantaneous field of view
IFRB International Frequency Registration Board
IFREMER Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploration de la Mer
IFRTP Institut Francais pour la Researche et la Technologie Polaire (French
Institute for Polar Research Technology)
IFS Integrated Forest Study on the Effects of Atmospheric Deposition
IFS International Foundation for Science
IFU Fraunhofer Institute for Atmospheric Environmental Research (Germany)
IFYGL International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IHD)
IG Institute of Geography
IGAC International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry
(Program) (IGBP and ICACGP)
IGAC-SSC IGAC Scientific Steering Committee
IGAP International Global Aerosol Program
IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
(ICSU)
IGBP-DIS IGBP Data and
Information System
IGC International Geophysical Cooperation
IGCC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
IGCP International Geological Correlation Programme (IUGS and UNESCO)
IGEA International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research
IGFA Inter-Governmental Funding Agencies
IGFA International Group of Funding Agencies (for Global Change Research)
IGLD International Great Lakes Datum
IGN Institut Geographique National
IGO Intergovernmental Organization
IGOSS Integrated Global Ocean Services System (WMO/IOC)
IGOSS Integrated Global Ocean Station System (UNESCO)
IGPO International GEWEX Project Office
IGRSS International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
IGS International Glaciological Society
IGT Institute of Gas Technology (Chicago)
IGU International Geographical Union (ICSU)
IGY International Geophysical Year (1 July 1957 - 31 December 1958)
IHB International Hydrographic Bureau
IHD International Hydrological Decade (UNESCO)
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
IHP International Hydrological Program (UNESCO)
IHS International Heliospheric Study
IHSS International Humic Substances Society
II interdisciplinary investigator
IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Vienna)
IIG Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
IIID International Institute of Information Design
IIOE International Indian Ocean Expedition
IISL International Institute of Space Law
IITM Indian Institute for Tropical Meteorology
IJC International Joint Commission (Independent; Canada and U.S.)
ILAS Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer
ILO International Labor Organization
ILWAS Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (EPRI)
IMA Information Management and Archives (Office)
IM-Al inorganic monomeric aluminum
IMAGE Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect
IMAGES International Marine Global Change Study (PAGES and SCOR)
IMB Investigator of Micro-Biosphere
IMC ice mass content
IMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization
IMD India Meteorological Department
IMF ice mass flux
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMG Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMO International Meteorological Organization (formerly WMO)
IMOP Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (WMO)
IMP ice mass path
IMS Information Management Services
IMS Information Management System
IMS International Mountain Society
IMU International Mathematical Union
IN ice nuclei
in. inch
Inc. Incorporated
INC Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (for a Framework Convention on
Climate Change)
INC International Negotiating Convention
INCD International Convention to Combat Decertification
IND Industrial Metabolism Project
INDIGO French programme, Indien Gaz Ocean
INEL Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
INFOCLIMA World Climate Data Information and Referral System
INFOTERRA International Referral System for Sources of Environmental Information (UNEP)
INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazona (Brazil)
INPE Brazilian Institute for Space Research (Brazil)
INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacialis Brazilian (Brazil)
INQUA International Union for Quaternary Research
INRA Institut National de Recherche Agronomiques (France)
INS inertial navigation system
INS Institute Scholars
INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliques (France)
INSAT Indian Satellite
INSTARR Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (University of Colorado, Boulder)
INSULA International Scientific Council for Island Development (NGO)
INT p-iodonitrotetrazolium
INTECOL International Association of Ecology (ICSU
and IUBS)
INZN Institut Zairois pour la Conservation de la Nature
I/O input/output
IO input/output
IOB Inter-Organization Board for Information Systems and Related Activities
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Council (UNESCO)
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)
IOC International Ozone Commission
IOCARIBE IOC Sub-Commission for the Carribbean and Adjacent Regions
IODE International Oceanographic Data/Information Exchange (IOC)
IOP intensive observing period
IOPG Indian Ocean Planning Group (JGOFS)
IOS Institute of Ocean Sciences (Canada)
IP independent pixel
IP Internet Protocol
IPB Bogor Agriculture Institute (Indonesia)
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (WMO and UNEP)
IPCC-EIS IPCC-Energy and Industry Subgroup
IPCC/RSWG/EIS IPCC/Response Strategies Working
Group/Energy and Industry Subgroup
IPEI Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics Instrument
IPMS International Polar Motion Service
IPO WOCE International Planning Office
IPOC International Partner Operations Center
IPR Intellectual Property Right
IPS Inter Press Service
IPV isentropic potential vorticity
IQSY International Quiet Sun Years
ir infrared (preferred over "IR")
IR Infrared ("ir" is preferred)
IRAP Interdisciplinary Panel on Climate Change
IRC International Radiation Commission
IRD Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (Brazil)
IRF instantaneous radiative transfer
IRGA infrared gas analyzer
IRI International Reference Ionosphere
IRIS Incorporated Research Institution for Seismology
IRIS infrared interferometer spectrometer
IRIS integrated radar imaging system
IRP Installation Restoration Program
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
IRSS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
IRSSP Interactive Remote Sensing Software Package
IRTM infrared thermal mapper
IRTS infrared temperature sounder
IS92 IPCC Scenarios, 1992
IS Image Subtraction
ISA Israel Space Agency
ISA Italian Space Agency
ISAMS improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder
ISAR Intelligent Synthetic Aperture Radar
ISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)
ISC International Seismological Centre
ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology
Program (WCRP)
ISEATRA International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring Analysis
ISEB 10 Tenth International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry
ISEE International Sun-Earth Explorer
ISEM International Society for Ecological Modelling
ISFA International Scientific Film Association
ISI International Statistical Institute
ISLSCP International Satellite Land-Surface
Climatology Project (GEWEX and WCRP)
ISO International Standards Organization
ISOS International Southern Ocean Studies
ISP International Society for Photogrammetry
ISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ISPs Integrated Steel Plants
ISRIC International Soil Reference and Information Centre
ISRO Indian Space Research Organization
ISS integrated sounding system
ISSC International Social Science Council
ISSP ICSU Solar System Panel
ISSS International Society of Soil Science
ISSMFE International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
IST Instrument Support Terminal
ISTAP International Space Technology Assessment Program
ISTP International Solar Terrestrial Physics
ISU International Space University
ISWS Illinois State Water Survey
ISY International Space Year (1992)
ITASE International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (PAGES)
ITB Bandung Institute of Technology (Indonesia)
ITB Intergovernmental TOGA Board
ITC International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences
ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone
ITE Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (NERC)
ITEM International Technology Environmental (data base) Management (system)
ITEX International Tundra Experiment (USMAB
Directorate on High Latitude Ecosystems)
ITIR infrared thermal imaging radiometer (now ASTER)
ITIR intermediate and thermal infrared radiometer
ITOS Improved TIROS Operational System
ITOY International Tropospheric Ozone Year
ITPO International TOGA Planning Office
ITPP International TOVS Processing Package
ITPR infrared temperature profile radiometer
ITRA intercomparison of transmittance and radiance algorithms
ITRC Industrial Toxicology Research Centre
ITRDB International Tree-Ring Data Bank
ITSC International TOVS Study Conference
ITU integrated terrain unit
ITU International Telecommunication Union
IUAES International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences
IUB International Union of Biochemistry (ICSU)
IUBMB International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
IUBS International Union of Biological Sciences (ICSU)
IUCAF Inter-Union Commission on Frequency Allocation for Radio Astronomy
and Space Science
IUCC Information Unit on Climate Change
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (now World Conservation Union) (Switzerland)
IUCr International Union of Crystallography
IUCRM Inter-Union Commission on Radio Meteorology
IUCS Inter-Union Commission on Spectroscopy
IUE international ultraviolet explorer
IUFRO International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (Secretariat,
Schonbruan, Vienna)
IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
(ICSU)
IUGS International Union of Geological Sciences (ICSU)
IUHPS International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science
IUNS International Union of Nutritional Sciences
IUPAB International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (ICSU)
IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (ICSU)
IUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (ICSU)
IUPHAR International Union of Pharmacology
IUPS International Union of Physiological Sciences
IUPsyS International Union of Psychological Science
IUR International Union of Radioecologists
IUTAM International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ICSU)
IVA intra vehicular activities Instituto Venezuelan de Investigaciones Cientificas
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
IV&V independent verification and validation
IWC Ice water content
IWG Investigators Working Group
IWGDMGC Interagency Working Group on Data Management for Global Change
(U.S.)
IWP Ice water path
IWRA International Water Resources Association
IWSA International Water Supply Association
IZMIRAN Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Radio Research, and the Ionosphere
(Academy of Sciences) (Russian Federation; formerly U.S.S.R.)
J
JASIN Joint Sea-Air Interaction Experiment
JASON Scientific panel (MITRE Corporation
JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies (project)
JECOR U.S.-Saudi Arabian
Joint Commission of Economic Cooperation
JEDA Joint Environmental Data Center
JEE Japan Environment Agency
JEM Japanese Experiment Module
JEOS Japanese Earth Observing System
JEOS Japanese Earth Observing Satellite
JERS-1 Japanese Earth Remote-sensing Satellite-1
JERS Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JPOP)
JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (program) (IGBP and SCOR)
JGOFS GS JGOFS Global Synthesis
JGOFS PM JGOFS Photosynthetic Measurements (task
team)
JGOFS-SSC JGOFS Scientific Steering Committee
JI Joint Implementation
JICST Japan Information Center of Science and Technology
JIN Joint Implementation Network
JIU joint inspection unit
JJA June-July-August
JMA Japan Meteorological Agency
JOC Joint Organizing Committee
JOI Joint Oceanographic Institutions (Inc.)
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology) (NASA)
JPOP Japanese Polar-Orbiting Platform (JERS)
JSC Johnson Space Center
JSC Joint Scientific Committee (ICSU, WCRP, and WMO)
JSC-WCRP Joint Scientific Committee for the WCRP (ICSU and WMO)
JST Japan Standard Time
JTC joint transfer correlation
JTU Jackson turbidity unit
K
K kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature (the number of kelvins equals the
number of degrees Celsius plus 273.15)
ka thousands of years
KAHE time series station off Kahe Point, Hawaii
kbps kilobits per second
KEEP Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes
KERFIX Kerguelen fixed station (France) (JGOFS)
keV kilo electron volts
kg kilogram
kHz kilohertz
kJ kilojoule (energy measure)
km kilometer
KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
Kow octanol-water partition coefficient
kPa kiloPascal (pressure above ambient (100 kPa = 1 atmosphere excess))
Kr krypton
KSC Kennedy Space Center (NASA)
KUM Cape Kumukahi, Hawaii
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt hours (3.6 million joules)
kyr kiloyear
L
L/C land cover
L liter
LAC levelized annual cost
LAC local area coverage
LAF Lake Acidification and Fisheries (EPRI)
LAGCM general circulation model at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
LAGEOS Laser Geodynamics Satellite
LAI leaf area index
LAID land-atmosphere interactions dynamics
LAMBADA Large-scale Atmospheric Moisture Balance of Amazona using Data
Assimilation (BAHC and GEWEX)
LAMP Lake Acidification Mitigation Project (EPRI)
LAN local area network
Landsat Land Remote-Sensing Satellite (formerly
ERTS) (NASA)
Landsat land satellite (photographs of the ground)
LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory
LANL/ACL Los Alamos National Laboratory's Advanced Computing Laboratory
LAPAN National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (Indonesia)
LaRC Langley Research Center (NASA)
LASE Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment
LASER light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
LASR Library Access, Search, and Retrieval
LASS Local Area Sounding System
lat. latitude
LAWS laser atmospheric wind sounder
LBL Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (University of California)
LBL line-by-line
LBLRTM line-by-line radiative transfer model
LCC land cover change
LCL lifting condensation level
LDC less-developed country
LDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
LDGO Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
LDR linear depolarization ratio
LEADEX Leads Experiment
LEAPS Low Electron Attachment Potential Species
LEBS Low Emission Boiler Systems
LEFI local electric field instrument
LEMA Long-term Ecological Modelling Activity (GCTE)
LERTS Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Teledetection Spatiale (France)
LES Lincoln Experimental Satellite
LFM limited fine-mesh model
LGM Last Glacial Maximum
LHV Lower Heating Value
LI library
Lidar laser-radar
Lidar light detection and ranging (instrument)
LIDQA Landsat Image Data Quality and Analysis
LIGA Last InterGlacial in the Arctic (project)
LIMS Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere
LIPI Marine Pollution Monitoring Center (including LIPI's Network of the Center
for Research and Development in Oceanography)
LIPI Minister of State for Population and Research Environment (Indonesia)
LIPI The Indonesian Institute of Sciences
LIRAD lidar/radiometer
LIS land information system
LIS lightning imaging sensor
LITE Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment
LLL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories
LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLW low-level waste
LMA Laboratoire de Meteorologie
LMD Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique
LMER Land Margins Ecosystem Research
LMER Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (ORNL)
LMES Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. ("Energy Systems" is preferred)
LNG Liquified Natural Gas
LODYC Laboratoire d'Oceanographic Dynamique et de Climatologie
LOICZ Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone
(IGBP)
LOICZ-SSC LOICZ Scientific Steering Committee
long. longitude
LOIS Land Oceans Interactions Study
LONGLINES Long Hydrographic Sections Programme (U.S.)
LORAN Long-Range Area Navigation System
LORCS League of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
LOTREX Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (IGBP)
LOTREX Longitudinal Land-Surface Traverse Experiment
LOTUS Long-Term Upper Ocean Study, Woods Hole, 1983
LOWESS locally weighted least squares
LP Low Pressure
LPDA laser-phased Doppler anemometer
LPDM Lagrangian particle dispersion model
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
LPI low-pressure impactor
LPM liters per minute
LR laser retroreflector
LRA laser retroreflector array
LRP Landscape Research Project (DOE)
LRPT low-resolution picture transmission
LSC Lake Survey Center (NOAA)
LSD least significant difference
LSM LAWS Simulation Model
LSN long- and short-normal resistivity (geophysical logging)
LST local solar time
LST local standard time
LTER Long-Term Ecological Research (program) (NSF)
LTM linear tangent model
LTM long-term monitoring
LTREB Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology
LTRMP Long-Term Resource Monitoring Program (U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service)
LTRRS Long-Term Regional Research Site
LUCC Land Use and Cover Change (IGBP and HDP)
LUCC-CPPC LUCC Core Project Planning Committee
LUCIE Study of circulation north and west of Australia (Leeuwin Current)
LV Large Volume water samples (>100 liters)
LVS Large Volume Sampling
LVS low-volume sampler
LW longwave
LWC liquid water content
LWIR long-wavelength (thermal) infrared
LWP liquid water path
LWRM longwave radiation model
M
m meter
M-region Maunder region
M&CD Metals and Ceramics Division (ORNL)
M&E monitoring and enforcement
MAA moist-adiabatic adjustment
MAB Man and the Biosphere (programme) (UNESCO)
MABL Marine atmospheric boundary layer
MAC Middle Atmosphere Cooperation (IGAC)
MAC Multiphase Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC)
MACDIF Mapping and Charting Data Interchange Format (Canada)
MAESA Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft
MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food (U.K.)
MAGE Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange (IGAC)
MAGE Marine Gas Emissions, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Climate (IGAC)
MAGIC Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchment
MAGS Mackenzie GEWEX Study (Canada)
Magsat Magnetic Field Satellite
MAHLOVS Middle and High Latitudes Oceanic Variability Study
MAKS Martin and Kitzis Sampler (portable air sampler)
MAP Middle Atmosphere Programme
MAP3S Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution Study
MAP3S/PCN Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution Study/Precipitation
Chemistry Network
MAPS Map Analysis Package System
MAPS Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution from Satellites
MAPS Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System
MARC The Middle Atmosphere Responses to Changes
MARDOS "Sources of Radioactivity in the Marine Environment and Their Relative
Contributors to Overall Dose Assessment from Marine Radioactivity" (IAEA CRP)
MARECO Marine Radioecology Working Group (IUR)
MARIA Methods for Assessing the Radiological Impact of Accidents (CEC)
MASC Mountain Administration Support Center (NOAA)
MASFLEX Marginal Sea Flux Experiment (in the West Pacific) (IGOPS)
MAST Marine Science and Technology Programme (CEC)
MAT marine air temperature
MATS Mesoscale Atmospheric Transport Studies
MAW Ministry of Agriculture and Water (Saudi Arabia)
MB Manitoba
mb millibar
Mbps megabits per second
MBL marine boundary layer
MBT Mechanical Bathythermograph
MCC mesoscale convective complex
MCC Mission Control Center
MCF Methane conversion factor
McIDAS Man-computer Interactive Data Access System
MCL maximum contaminant level
mcm million cubic metre
MCP Meteorological Communications Package (direct broadcast of operational data)
MCS Mesoscale Cloud System
MCS Mesoscale Convective Systems
MCSST Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperature (algorithm)
MCZ Mesoscale Compressible Community Model
MDA Methodology of Decision Analysis (project)
MDC more developed country
MDE Middle East
MDR minimum detectable radiance
MDSRS morphology-dependent stimulated Raman scattering
MEA monoethanolamine
MECCA Model Evaluation Consortium for Climate Assessment
MED Mediterranean (the region) (START)
MEDCOM Mediterranean Planning Committee (START)
MEDCOM Mediterranean Regional Committee (START)
MEDIAS Mediterranean and Subtropical Africa
MEDIAS Mediterranean Basin and Sub-tropical Africa (regional research
network)
MEDIAS Reseau de Recherche Regionale pour le Bassin Mediterraneen et
l'Afrique Subtropicale
MEDS Marine Environmental Data Service (Canada)
MEHALICE Methane and Halocarbons Intercalibrations Experiment (IGAC)
MELV medium expendable launch vehicle
MEPED medium energy proton and electron detector
MERGE Model for Evaluating Regional and Global Effects of GHG reduction policies
MERIS medium-resolution imaging spectrometer
MERIT Monitoring Earth's Rotation and Intercomparison of Techniques
MERS Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
MES Military Engineering Services
MESOSOFT Mesoscale Data Management Facility
MESEEC Methodologies to Estimate Social, Environmental, and Economic
Consequences
MESSR multispectral electronic self-scanning radiometer
METEOR Operational Weather Satellite (Russian Federation; formerly U.S.S.R.)
Meteor Research vessel (Germany)
METEOSAT Geosynchronous Meteorology Satellite (ESA)
METEOSAT European Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT)
METOP Meteorological Operational Satellite (polar satellite series)
MeV mega electron volts
MFE Magnetic Fusion Energy (program)
MFE/MAGNOLIA MFE/Magnetic Field Experiment
Mflops One megaflop equals 1 million (106) floating point operations
per second
MFO mixed-function oxidase (enzyme system)
MFRSR multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer
mg milligram
MGE MicroStation Foundation and Modular GIS
Environment (by Intergraph, Inc.)
MGO Main Geophysical Observatory (Russia)
Mha million hectare
MHRS Modified Hazard Ranking System (DOE)
MHS Message Handling System (electronic)
MHS microwave humidity sounder
MHz megahertz
MIADS map information assembly and display system
MIAS Marine Information Advisory Service (U.K.)
MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
mill(s) 0.001 U.S. dollars
MILOX Mid-Latitude Ecosystems and Photochemical Oxidants (IGAC)
MIMD multiple instruction, multiple data (system)
MIMR multifrequency imaging microwave radiometer (formerly HIMSS)
MIMR multiband/multifrequency imaging microwave
radiometer
min minute
MINK Missouri-Iowa-Nebraska-Kansas
MIPAS Michelson interferometer for passive atmospheric sounding (sounder)
MIPS millions of instructions per second
MIR Orbital System (Russia)
MIRSL Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory
MIS management information system
MISR multi-angle imaging spectro-radiometer
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology (U.S.)
MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan)
MITRE Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Research Establishment
MITRE Miniature Individual Transmitter Receiver Equipment
MIZ Marginal Ice Zone
MIZEX Marginal Ice Zone Experiment
MJ megajoule
mks meter-kilogram-second (measurement system; replaced by SI) (preferred over "MKS")
MKS meter-kilogram-second (measurement system; replaced by SI) ("mksa" is preferred)
mksa meter-kilogram-second-ampere (measurement system; replaced by SI) (preferred over "MKSA")
MKSA meter-kilogram-second-ampere (measurement system; replaced by SI) ("mksa" is preferred)
mL milliliter
MLE maximum likelihood estimation
MLO Mauna Loa Observatory (Hawaii) (CMDL)
MLOPEX MLO Photochemical Experiment
MLOPEX II Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemical Experiment II
MLR multiple linear regression
MLS microwave limb sounder
mm millimeter
MM4 Mesoscale model 4 (Pennsylvania State University/NCAR)
MM5 Mesoscale model 5 (Pennsylvania State University/NCAR)
MMAD mass median aerodynamic diameter
MM-Al total monomeric aluminum
MMCH4 Methane emitted from animal manure
MMES Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. ("Energy Systems" is preferred)
MMI Modified Mercalli Intensities
mmscmd million metric standard cubic metre per day
MMTS Maximum-Minimum Temperature System
MNRT Minister of State for Research and Technology
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MOBILHY Mobilisation du Bilan Hydrique
MOC Memorandum of Cooperation
MODE Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment
MODECS molecular design of chemical systems
MODIS moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer (NASA/GSFC)
MODIS-N moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer-Nadir
MODIS-T moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer-tilt
MODMAP modernization of mapping techniques
MOGUNTIA Model of the General Universal Tracer transport in the Atmosphere
MOLA Mars Observer Laser Altimeter
MOM Mission Operations Manager
MOM modular ocean model
MOMS modular optoelectronic multispectral scanner
MONEX Monsoon Experiment
MONSEE Monitoring of the Sun-Earth Environment
MOP Meteosat Operational Programme
MOPITT Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere
MORACC modeling radiation clouds, and convection
MORFLOT Ministry of the Merchant Marine of the Soviet Union (Russian
Federation; formerly U.S.S.R.)
MORS Group of Experts Monitoring of Radioactive Substances in the Baltic Sea
MOS-1 Marine Observations Satellite-1 (Japan)
MOS Marine Observations Satellite
MOS model output statistics
MOSS Map Overlay Statistical System (by Autometrics)
MOT Ministry of Transport (Canada)
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MP Medium Pressure
MPa Megapascal
MPC massively parallel computer
MPC maximum permissible concentration
MPE Mission to Planet Earth
MPF momentary power failure
MPI Max Planck Institute (Germany)
MPL Marine Physical Laboratory
MPL Micropulse Lidar
MR Microwave Radiometer
MR Methane Recovery
MRC Medical Research Council
MRI Meteorology Research, Inc.
MRIR medium resolution infrared radiometer
MS mass spectrometry (spectrometer)
MSA methanesulfonate
MSC Marine Sciences Council
MSC Meteorological Satellite Center
MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center
MSL mean sea level
MSP Motion-Sensing Platform
MSR microwave scanning radiometer
MSS multispectral scanner (Landsat)
MSS multispectral scanner system
MST Ministry of Environment and Science
MSU microwave sounding unit
MSW Municipal solid waste
MT million tonne
MTCE million tonnes of carbon equivalent
MT-CLIM Mountain Climate Model
MTCR million tonnes of coal replacement
MTMC Military Traffic Management Command
MTOE million tonnes of oil equivalent
MTS microwave temperature sounder
MU microwave unit
MUID map unit identification data
MUIR map unit interpretation record
MVS Minimum-Variance-Simultaneous
mW milliwatt
MW megawatt
Mwh megawatt hours
MWDI Master Water Data Index
MWIR medium-wavelength infrared
MWL municipal waste leachate
MWR microwave radiometer
MWSR microwave water substance radiometer
N
N-C Nitrogen-carbon ratio
N2 nitrogen
N2O nitrous oxide
N2O5 nitrogen pentoxide, nitric anhydride
N2O-N Nitrous oxide nitrogen trace gas emission ratio
NA North America(n)
NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NABE North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (JGOFS and
IGAC)
NACNEMS North American Cooperative Network of Enhanced Measurement Sites
NAD 27 North American Datum of 1927
NAD 83 North American Datum of 1983
NADP National Atmospheric Deposition Program (EPA)
NADP/NTN National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network
NADW North Atlantic deep water
NAEG Nevada Applied Ecology Group
NAF Northern Africa (START)
NAFCOM Northern Africa Committee (START)
NAIC Newly Agro-Industrialized Country
NAL National Agricultural Library
NALMS North American Lake Management Society
NAM North America
NAMAS National Measurement Accreditation Service
NAPAP National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program
NAR net assimilation rate
NARA National Archives and Records Administration
NARC National Atmospheric Radiation Centre (AES)
NARE North Atlantic Regional Experiment (IGAC)
NARL National Arctic Research Laboratory (Barrow, Alaska)
NARS National Archives and Records Service (GSA)
NARSNDF North Atlantic Regional Study Narrative Data File
NAS National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(U.S.)
NASA/EDC NASA/Environmental Data Centre
NASC North American Stratigraphic Code
NASCOM NASA Communications Network
NASDA National Space Development Agency
(Japan)
NASM National Air and Space Museum
NASQUAN National Stream Water Quality Accounting Network
NAST National Academy of Science and Technology
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATT Northern Australian Tropical Transect
NAVSTAR Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging
Navstar Global Positioning Satellite Communication Set
NAVSWC Naval Surface Warfare Center (DOD)
NAWDEX National Water Data Exchange (USGS)
NBIOME Northern Biosphere Observation and Modeling Experiment
NBIS Northern Biosphere Information System
NBRF National Biomedical Research Foundation
NBRI National Botanical Research Institute
NBS National Biological Survey
NBS National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)
NC National Committee (IGBP)
NCAER National Council of Applied Economic Research
NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research (NOAA) (Boulder, Colorado)
NCASI National Council on Air and Stream Improvement
NCB Net change of biomass
NCC National Climatic Center (now NCDC)
NCC Network Control Center
NCDC National Climatic Data Center (Asheville, North
Carolina) (NOAA)
NCDCDS National Committee-Digital Cartographic
Data Standards (American Congress Surveying & Mapping; formed 1982)
NCDS NASA Climate Data System
NCE Net carbon emission
NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction
(formerly NMC)
NCGIA National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
NCIC National Cartographic Information Center
NCLAN National Crop Loss Assessment Network (EPA)
NCMC National Critical Materials Council
NCMRWF National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting
NCP National Climate Program
NCPDI National Coastal Pollutant Discharge Inventory
NCPO National Climate Program Office
NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications
NCS&T National Council for Science and
Technology (formerly FCCSET)
NCSU North Carolina State University
NCV net calorific value
NDBC National Data Buoy Center
NDC National Data Centre
NDC Nondairy cattle
NDCDB National Digital Cartographic Data Base
NDF Narrative Data File
NDIR non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer
NDP numeric data package
NDPD National Data Processing Division (EPA)
NDSC Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change
NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NE Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE)
NEA Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD)
NEAPACC North East Atlantic Palaeooceanography and Climate Change
NEB National Environmental Board
NECT National Research Council of Thailand
NEG WOCE Numerical Experimentation Group
NEHA National Environmental Health Association
NEIC National Enforcement Investigations Center
NEIDA National Estuarine Inventory Data Atlas
NEP Noise Equivalent Power
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act (1969)
NEPP National Energy Policy Plan (DOE)
NERC National Environmental Research Centre
NERDDC National Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Council
(Australia)
NERI National Environmental Research Institute
NERP National Environmental Research Park
NERSC National Energy Research Supercomputer Center
NES National Energy Strategy
NES National Eutrophication Survey
NES nuclear estate with small holdings
NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
(NOAA)
NESDP National Economic and Social Development Plan
NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NESS National Environmental Satellite Service (NOAA)
netCDF Network Common Data Format
NEXRAD Next-Generation Weather Radar (NWS)
nf-EBM noise forced energy balance model
NFERC National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center
NFMA National Forest Management Act (1976)
NGB Nordic Gene Bank
NGDC National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA)
(Boulder, Colorado)
NGM Nested Grid Model
NGO nongovernmental organization
NGRS National Geodetic Reference System
NGS National Geodetic Survey (NOAA)
NGSDC National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center
NGVD 29 National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929
NH3 ammonia
NH4+ ammonium
NH National Highway
NH Northern Hemisphere
NHAP National High-Altitude Photography Program
NHC United States National Hurricane Center
NHEML United States National Hurricane Experimental Meteorological Laboratory
NHRC National Hydrology Research Centre
NHRE United States National Hail Research Experiment
NHRI National Hydrology Research Institute
NHTSA National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration (DOT)
NIAES National Institute of Agro-Environmental Studies
NIC Newly Industrialized Country
NIE National Institute for the Environment
NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies
NIEs newly industrializing economies
NIGEC National Institute for Global Environmental Change
NIH National Institutes of Health
NILU Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Nimbus NASA Meteorological Satellites (1 through 7)
Nimbus Satellite Series to Meet the Needs of Atmospheric and Earth Scientists
NIO National Institute of Oceanography
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIP normal incidence pyrheliometer
NIPDWS National Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards
NIR near infrared
NIRP National Institute for Radiation Protection
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
(formerly NBS)
NISTEP National Institute of Science and Technology Policy
NKA Nordic Liaison Committee for Atomic Energy
NKO Nederlandse Kalibratie Organisatie
NKS Nordic Nuclear Safety Project
NLC National Laboratory Consortium
NLE National Library for the Environment
NLVF Norway Agricultural Research Council
Nm3 Normal meter3
nm3 natural metre cubenm nanometer
NMC National Meteorological Center (now NCEP) (WWW)
NMFECC National Magnet Fusion Energy Computer Center
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA)
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons
NMNH National Museum of Natural History
NNMI Nonlinear Normal Mode Initialization
NNSF National Natural Science Foundation
NNSS Navy Navigational Satellite System
NNWSI Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigation (project)
NO nitric oxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen peroxide
NO3 nitrate radical
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (DOC)
NOAH Nitrous Oxide and Halocarbons Division (CMDL)
NOBREX North Brazil Current Experiment
NODC National Oceanographic Data Center (NOAA)
NODC National Ozone Data Center (NOAA)
NODS NASA Ocean Data System
NOMHICE Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Intercomparison Experiment (IGAC)
NOO National Oceanographic Office
NOPEX Northern Hemisphere Climate Processes Experiment (BAHC)
NORDA Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity
NORDMAP European Nordic Pollen Data Mapping Project
NORPAX North Pacific Expedition
NOS National Ocean Survey (NOAA)
NOSS National Oceanic Satellite System
NOWES Northern Wetlands Study
NOx oxides of nitrogen (generic)
NOx nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NO3, etc.)
NOx-N Nitrogen oxides nitrogen trace gas emission ratio
NOy total active nitrogen
NOZE National Ozone Expedition
NP neutron porosity (geophysical logging)
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPIC National Programme on Improved Chulhas
NPL National Physics Laboratory
NPOP NASA Polar Orbiting Platform
NPP Net Primary Production (IGBP-DIS, and GAIM Working Group)
NPS National Park Service (USDI)
NR not reported
NRA NASA Research Announcement
NRC National Research Council (Canada)
NRC National Research Council (U.S.) (NAS)
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.)
NRCC National Research Council of Canada
NRCP National Research Council for the Philippines
NRCT National Research Council of Thailand
NREN National Research and Education Network
NRL Naval Research Laboratory
NROSS Navy Remote Ocean Sensing System
NRP National Research Program
NRPGC National Research Program for Global Change
NRSA National Remote Sensing Agency (India)
NSA Northern Slope of Alaska
NSA/AAO NSA/Adjacent Arctic Ocean
NSBF National Scientific Balloon Facility
NSC National Science Council
NSC National Security Council
NSC Norwegian Space Center
NSCAT NASA scatterometer
NSERC Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada)
NSF National Science Foundation
NSFNet National Science Foundation Network
NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Center (University of Colorado, Boulder)
NSJI North-South Joint Implementation
NSN NASA Space Network
NSpC National Space Council
NSPD National Space Policy Directive
NSS National Stream Survey
nss non-sea-salt
NSSDC National Space Science Data Center
NSSFC National Severe Storms Forecast Center
NSSL National Severe Storms Laboratory
NSTC National Science and Technology Council (U.S.)
NSTL National Space Technology Laboratories (NASA)
NSTS National Space Transportation System
NSWS National Surface Water Survey (EPA)
NTIS National Technical Information Service (DOC)
NTN National Trends Network
NTS Nevada Test Site
NUC National Underseas Research Center
NVI normalized difference vegetation index
NWLISN Northwest Land Information System Network
NWP numerical weather prediction
NWPA Nuclear Waste Policy Act (1982)
NWPM Numerical Weather Prediction Model
NWR Niwot Ridge (Denver, Colorado)
NWRC National Weather Records Center
NWRI National Water Research Institute (Canada)
NWS National Weather Service (formerly U.S. Weather Bureau)
NWSRFS National Weather Service River Forecast System (U.S.)
NWWA National Water Well Association
NYU New York University
NYU/Ultra New York University's Ultracomputer (project)
NZOI New Zealand Oceanographic Institute
NZP National Zoological Park
O
18O oxygen-18 (oxygen isotope with atomic weight of 18)
O&M Operation and Maintenance
O/N oxygen-to-nitrogen ratio
O2 (normal) molecular oxygen
O3 ozone
Ox odd oxygen (O + O3)
OAR Office of Atmospheric Research (NOAA)
OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management
OAS Organization of American States
OASIS Observation at Several Interacting Scales
OAST Office of Aeronautics Space Technology (NASA)
OAU Organization of African Unity
OAXTC Ocean Atmosphere Exchange of Trace Compounds
OCAM Afro-Malagasy Common Organization
OCC Operations Control Center
OCCAM Ocean Circulation Climate Advanced Modelling (U.K.)
OCE Oceania (START)
OClO :chlorine dioxide
OCN Oceania
OCTS ocean color and temperature sensor
o.d. outside diameter
ODA Official Development Assistance
ODA Overseas Development Agency (U.K.)
ODAS Oceanic Data Assimilation System
ODB Orbit Determination Beacon
ODC other data center
ODP Ocean Drilling Program
ODP ozone-depleting potential
OEC Office of Environmental Compliance
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development
OEG Office of Environmental Guidance
OEP Office of Economic Planning
OER Office of Energy Research (DOE)
OES Bureau of Oceans, International Environment, and Scientific Affairs
(USDA)
OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance
OFS Office of the Foreign Secretary (NAS and NRC)
OGC Oregon Graduate Center (now OGIST)
OGCM ocean general circulation model
OGI Oregon Graduate Institute (now OGIST)
OGIST Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and
Technology
OGWP Office of Ground Water Protection (EPA)
OH hydroxyl radical
OHER Office of Health and Environmental Research
(DOE)
OHF Old Hydrofracture Facility (pond) (ORNL)
OHP Operational Hydrology Programme (WMO)
OIEA Office of Integrated Environmental Analysis (EPA)
OIRM Office of Information Resources Management (EPA)
OIS Operational Information Service (WWW)
OKCS Oklahoma Climatological Survey
OLIPAC Oligotrophic Pacific (France) (JGOFS)
OLR outgoing long-wave radiation
OLS operational license stage
OLS operational line scanner
OLS optical line scanner
OM-Al organic monomeric aluminum
OMB Office of Management and Budget (Independent)
OMCS ozone monitor comparison system
OMDR Optical Memory Disk Recorder Animation System
OMEX Ocean Margin Exchanges
OMP Ocean Margins Program
OMWOG Ocean-based Measurements Working Group
ONEB Office of National Environmental Board
ONR Office of Naval Research (U.S.)
ONWI Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation
OPAC Online Public Access Catalog
OPC ordinary portland cement
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPEX Operational and Executive Personnel for Civil Service
OPM Office of Personnel Management
OPPE Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation (EPA)
OPS optical sensor
OPT Optimization Under Uncertainty Project
ORAU Oak Ridge Associated Universities
ORD Office of Research & Development (EPA)
ORISE Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
ORNL/ACL ORNL/Advanced Computing Laboratory
ORR Oak Ridge Reservation
ORSTOM Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-mer (Office
of Overseas Scientific and Technical Research) (France)
OSB Ocean Studies Board
OSC Office of Scientific Computing (DOE)
OSC Orbital Sciences Corporation
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970)
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSR Office of Sponsored Research
OSSA Office of Space Science and Applications (NASA HQ)
OSSE Observing System Simulation Experiments
OST Office of Science and Technology
OSTI Office of Scientific and Technical Information (DOE)
OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy
OSU Oregon State University
OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Energy Response (EPA)
OTA Office of Technology Assessment
OTEC ocean thermal energy conversion
OTS Office of Toxic Substances (EPA)
OWDC Office of Water Data Coordination (USGS)
OWRT Office of Water Research and Technology (DOI)
OWS Ocean Weather Station
OWSE Operational WWW Systems Evaluation
OWSE-NA Operational WWW Systems Evaluation -
North America
P
P/R productivity/respiration
P-Code GPS precision transmission code
P significance level (statistical)
Pa Pascal (1N/m2)
PAAD Program Assistance Approval Document
PAC Polar Atmospheric Chemistry
PACER Program for the Acceleration of Commercial Energy Research
PAD Program Approval Document
PAF Processing Archiving Facility
PAGES Past Global Changes (IGBP)
PAGES-EXCOMM PAGES Executive Committee
PAGES-SSC PAGES Scientific Steering Committee
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PAHO Pan American Health Organization
PALE Palaeoclimate from Arctic Lakes and Estuaries (PAGES)
PAM Portable Automated Mesonet
PAN peroxyacetylnitrate
PANASH Paleoclimates of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere (PAGES)
PAR photosynthetically active radiation
PAR photosynthetically available radiation
PAR Project Appraisal Report
PARCC precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability
PASA Participating Agency Service Agreement
PASC Polar Atmospheric and Snow Chemistry (IGAC)
PASE Polar Air-Snow Experiment
PBL planetary boundary layer
PBM peribacteroid membrane
PBMR Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer
PBU peribacteroid unit
PC personal computer
PC Pulverized Coal
PCA principal components analysis
PCAST President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
PCMDI Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
pCO2 partial pressure of CO2
PCU platinum cobalt unit
PCR polymerase chain technology
PCSSD Philippines Council for Sustainable Development
PDA phased-Doppler anemometer
PDB isotope standard for carbon
PDB Pee Dee Belemnite (Pee Dee River, South Carolina)
PDB Pee Dee Belemnite (carbonate) isotope standard for C, O
PDE partial differential equation
pdf probability density function
PDL polarization-diversity lidar
PDRCA Participatory Development Resource Centre for Africa
PDS Planetary Data System
PDS photothermal deflection spectroscopy
PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index
PECO CEC-COPERNICUS Program
PEGASUS Current profiling system
PEM Particle Environment Monitor
PEM Particle modulator radiometer
PEMD personalized educational materials development
PEM WEST Pacific Exploratory Mission - West
PEP Pole-Equator-Pole (PAGES) (Palaeoclimates
Initiative for the Western Hemisphere)
PEPCase Phosphenol-pyruvate carboxylase
PER Program for Ecological Research
PERD Panel for Energy Research and Development
PF Pulverized Fuel (coal)
PFBC Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor
PFCs perfluorocarbon compounds
PFRA Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration
PFTs perfluorocarbon tracers
Pg pentagram
PG planning group
PGC Program Grande Carajas (Brazil)
PGS Product Generation System
PHOXA photochemical oxidant and acid deposition model application within the
framework of control strategy development
PHSA Public Health Service Act (1965)
PI principal investigator
PIC particle in cell
PIC particulate inorganic carbon
PICES North Pacific Marine Science Organization
PILPS Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes
(GCIP/GEWEX)
PIO Project Implementation Order (AID)
PIO/C PIO for Commodities
PIO/P PIO for Participant Training
PIO/T PIO for Contract Technicians or Contract Services
PIP Performance Improvement Program
PIP Project Implementation Plan (AID)
PIP WetNet Precipitation (algorithm)
Intercomparison Project
PIR precision infrared radiometer
PIRLA Paleoecological Reconstruction of Recent Lake Acidification (EPRI)
PIXE Proton induced x-ray emission analysis
PJ petajoule
PL public law
PLDS Planetary Land Data System
PLDS Pilot Land Data System
PM photosynthetic measurements (JGOFS)
PM-2.5 particulate matter of diameter less than 2.5 micrometers
PM-10 particulate matter less than 10 micrometers diameter
PMC pollen mother cell
PMC Pressure-Modulator Cell
PMEL Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA and ERL)
PMF probable maximum flood
PMIP Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (NATO and PAGES)
PMIR Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer
PMOD Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (WRC)
PMP probable maximum precipitation
PMR pressure-modulated radiometer
PNEDC Programme Nationale d'Etude de la Dynamique du Climat (France)
PNL Pacific Northwest Laboratory
PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (formerly PNL)
PO4 phosphate
POC particulate organic carbon
POCC Payload Operations Control Center
POCM parallel ocean-climate model
POD Precision Orbit Determination
POEM polar-orbiting earth observation mission (ESA)
POEMS positron electron magnetic spectrometer
POES Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite
POES Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite
POGO Polar-Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
Polarstern Research vessel (Germany)
POLDER Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances
POLES polar exchange at the sea surface
POLEX Polar Experiment (FGGE)
Polynya Wind or current driven opening in winter sea-ice
POM particulate organic matter
POM polycyclic organic matter
PON particulate organic nitrogen
POOZ Permanently Open Ocean Zone
POP Population
POSEIDON Satellite programme (France)
PP perfect program (approach)
ppb parts per billion (109)
ppbv parts per billion (109) by volume
PPFD photosynthetic photon flux density
ppm parts per million (106)
ppmv parts per million (106) by volume
PPP Polluter pays principle
PPP Purchasing power parity
PPR photopolarimeter radiometer
ppt parts per trillion (1012)
pptv parts per trillion (1012) by volume
PR precipitation radar
PRARE precise range and range-rate equipment (ERS-1)
PRAREE precise range and range rate equipment-extended
PRC People's Republic of China
PRC precipitation
PRF pulse repetition frequency
PRL Physical Research Laboratory
PRN Pseudo-Random Noise
PROBE Pilot Radiation Observation Experiment
PRT precision radiation thermometer
PSA Pacific Sciences Association
PSAC President's Science Advisory Committee
PSC polar stratospheric clouds
PSD prevention of significant deterioration (NPS,
regulations of the CAA)
PSDPC Polar Satellite Data Processing Centre
Psfc surface pressure
PSFG Permanent Service on the Fluctuation of Glaciers
psi pounds per square inch
PSL polystyrene latex
PSMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (U.K.)
PSO Project Science Office
PSP Precision Spectral Pyranometer
PSPDC Polar Satellite Precipitation Data Centre
PSSI Pacific/Sulfur/Stratus Investigation
PSU Pennsylvania State University
PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
PU processing unit
PUMS Public Use Microdata Samples
PUSPITEK Training Facilities in the Centre for Research, Science, and Technology
PV potential vorticity
PVC polyvinyl chloride
PW precipitable water
PWD Public Works Department
PWV precipitable water vapor
Q
QA quality assurance
QAMS Quality Assurance Management Staff
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
QBO quasi-biennial oscillation
QC quality control
QCE Quality Control Experts (WOCE Hydrographic
Programme)
QLN Quantitative Links Networks
QN quinoline
QTL Quantitative Trait Loci
QTO quasi-triennial oscillation
Quads Quadrillion (1015) Btu
R
r2 coefficient of determination (statistical)
R/C Residue Crop ratio
R&D research and development
R&SSD Radiation and Safety Surveys Department (ORNL)
R/V research vessel
RA Radar altimeter
RA Regional Association (WMO)
RA-2 POEM altimeter (ESA)
RA I Regional Association I - Africa (WMO)
RA II Regional Association II - Asia (WMO)
RA IV Regional Association IV - North and Central America (WMO)
RAD Radioecology Programme (NKS)
radar radio detection and ranging
Radarsat Synthetic Apeture Radar Satellite (Canada)
RADCAL Radiation Calibration Laboratory
RADPATH Biochemical Pathways of Artificial Radionuclides (CEC)
RAE Royal Aircraft Establishment
RAFOS SOFAR spelled backwards (float which
receives sound signals)
RAI Rainfall Anomaly Index
RAM random-access memory
RAMP Remote Atmospheric Measurements Program
RAMP Remote Atmospheric Monitoring Project
RAMS regional atmospheric modeling system
RAMS Remote Atmospheric Measurements Systems
RAMS Results Analysis and Management System (EPA)
RANN Research Applied to National Needs (NSF)
RAOB Radiosonde or Rawindsonde Observation
RAP Remedial Action Program (DOE)
RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
RASC Radio Atmospheric Study Centre
RASS radio-acoustic sounding system
RAWG/Hydrology Regional Associations' Working Groups on Hydrology (WMO)
RBV return-beam Vidicon
rcf relative centrifugal force
RCM radiative-convective model
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(1976)
RCRE required collaborative research experience
RCS radar cross section
RCW "Rapidly Changing World" Scenario (EPA)
RCWP "Rapidly Changing World" Policy Scenario (EPA)
RDAAC Remote Data, Analysis, and Archive Center
RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System (Oracle)
RDP Radar Development Project
RDT remote data transmission
REFLEX Remote Fluvial Experimental Series
REKLIP Regional Climate Project (REgio-KLIma-Projekt)
RES Regional Evaporation Study
RESA Scientific Research Society of America
RESSAC The Consequence of a Major Nuclear Accident on the Surrounding
Environment: Soil and Surface Rehabilitation (CEC)
RET renewable energy technologies
RF radio frequency
RFE Regional Finite Element (model)
RFD Royal Forestry Department
RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism
RFP Request for Proposals
RGA reduction gas analyzer
RGA relative growth rate
RGB red-green-blue (signal)
RGCT Reflective Gross Cloud Test
RGI regional-global interactions
RGIS regional geographic information system
RGR relative growth rate
RGS Royal Geographical Society
RH relative humidity
RHIESSys Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System
RI radar interferometry
RIC Regional Information Center
RICE Rice Cultivation and Trace Gases Exchange (India) (IGAC)
RIDGE Ridge Inter-Disciplinary Global Experiment
RIGES Renewable Intensive Global Energy System
RIHMI-WDC All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information-World
Data Center
RILWAS Regional Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (EPRI)
RIMI Riso Integrated Environmental Project
RIS reflector in space (laser beam adsorption, measures O3, CFCs, etc.)
RIS retroreflector in space
RISC reduced instruction set chip
RISC reduced instruction set computer
RITS radiatively important trace species
RIVM Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environmental
Protection
RK river kilometer
RLU relative light unit
RM reference material
RM river mile
RMC Regional Meteorological Centre (WWW)
RMES Relay Mirror Experimental Satellite
rms root mean square (preferred over "RMS")
RMS root mean square ("rms" is preferred)
rmse root mean square error (preferred over "RMSE")
RMSE root mean square error ("rmse" is preferred)
RMTC Regional Meteorological Training Centre
Rn radon
RNA ribonucleic acid
RNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
ROM read-only memory
ROPME Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment
(IOC)
RPA remotely piloted aircraft
RPE Office of OECD, European Community, and
Atlantic
RPM Office of NATO and Atlantic Political-Military
Affairs
rpm revolutions per minute
RPN Division de la recherche en prevision numerique
RPSS relative partial sum of squares
RRC Regional Research Centre (START)
RRCT Reflectance Ratio Cloud Test
RRN Regional Research Networks (START)
RRN ANT RRN Antarctic
RRN ART RRN Arctic
RRN CAA RRN Central Arid Asia
RRN CAR RRN Caribbean
RRN ESA RRN Equatorial South America
RRN MED RRN Mediterranean
RRN NAF RRN Northern Africa
RRN OCE RRN Oceania
RRN SAF RRN Southern and Eastern Africa
RRN TAM RRN Tropical Asian Monsoon Region
RRN TEA RRN Temperate East Asia
RRN TNH RRN Temperate Northern Hemisphere
RRN TSA RRN Temperate South America
RRS regional research sites (START)
RRTM rapid radiative transfer model
RS remote sensing
RSA Republic of South Africa
RSAC Remote Sensing Applications Center (China)
RSD residual standard deviation
RSF LANL computer code
RSMC Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centre
RSR rotating shadowband radiometer
rss root-sum-square
RSS rotating shadowband spectrometer
RSSD Responses of Savannas to Stress and Disturbance (IUBS and MAB)
RT radiative transfer
RTD real-time data
RTH Regional Telecommunication Hub
RTNEPH real-time nephanalysis
RUC Roskilde University Center
RUT reflectance uniformity test
RVAU Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
RVB return-beam Vidicon
RWC Regional Warning Centre
RWVL Raman Water Vapor Lidar
S
s second (do NOT use "sec" for "second;" use "sec" for "secant")
S&R search and rescue
S&T science and technology
S-GCOS Space-Based Global Change Observation System
SA90 IPCC Scenario A, 1990
SA Selective Availability (on GPS transmissions)
SABLE simulator atmospheric boundary layer environment
SAC Special Analysis Centre (WOCE)
SAC Satellite Application Centre
SAC Scientific Advisory Committee
SAC Scientific Advisory Council (IGBP)
SADC Southern Africa Development Community
SADCC Southern African Development Coordination Conference
SAF Society of American Foresters
SAF Southern, Central, and Eastern Africa (START)
SAFARI-92 South African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative
SAFCOM Southern, Central, and Eastern Africa Regional Committee (START)
SAFIRE spectroscopy of the atmosphere using far infrared emission
SAFISY Space Agency Forum on International Space Year (1992)
SAGA Soviet-American Gas and Aerosol Experiment
SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment
SAGE III Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III
SAHC South Asia Hydrological Cycle
SAIC Science Applications International Corporation
SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited
SalArgos Argos-located buoy equipped with temperature and conductivity sensors
SAM Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement
SAM II Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement
SAMBO Simultaneous Auroral Multi-Balloons Observations
SAMS stratospheric and mesospheric sounder
SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (U.S.)
SAP Scientific Advisory Panel (SARCS)
SAR Subcommittee on Atmospheric Research
SAR synthetic aperture radar (satellite)
SARB surface and atmospheric radiation budget
SARCS Southeast Asia Regional Committee (START)
SARCS-SAP SARCS Scientific Advisory Panel
SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite
SAS Southern Asian Region (START)
SAS Statistical Analysis System
SASANEE South and Southeast Asia Network for Environmental Education
SASS Seasat A Scatterometer System
SASI Statistical Analysis Systems Institute (Raleigh, North Carolina)
SAT surface air temperature
SATOBS Satellite Observations
SATOR Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone Research
SAVE South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment
SAW sawlog harvest
SBC Brazilian Society for Cartography, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Remote
Sensing
SBC sum of base cations
SBIR Small Business Innovation Research
SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (experiment)
SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (radiometer)
SBUV-2 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet-2
SC Scientific Committee (IGBP)
SC standing committee
SCA snow-covered areas
SCANSCAT scanning scatterometer
SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (ICSU)
SCARAB Scanner for the Radiation Budget
SCARABE Scanner for Radiative Budget Experiment
SCAT radar scatterometer
SCATT scatterometer
SCD Scientific Computing Division (NCAR)
SCF Scientific Computing Facility
SCIAMACHY scanning, imaging, and absorption spectrometer for atmospheric cartography
SCIBP Scientific Committee for the International Biological Programme
SC-IGBP Special Committee of the International Geosphere Biosphere
Programme (ICSU)
SCM single-column model
SCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (ICSU and IGBP)
SCOR Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (ICSU)
SCORPIO Oceanographic cruise in the South Pacific, 1968 (U.S.)
SCOSTEP Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics
SCOT Services Consultance en Observation de la Terre
SCPP Seasonal to Interannual Climate Prediction Program
SCRIPPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California at San
Diego)
SCS Soil Conservation Service (Anchorage, Alaska) (USDA and DOA)
SCS Swiss Calibration Service
SCST State Commission for Science and Technology (Survey of India)
SCW "Slowly Changing World" Scenario (EPA)
SCWP "Slowly Changing World" Policy Scenario (EPA)
SD standard deviation
s.d. standard deviation
SDAC Satellite Data Analysis Center
SDC Swiss Development Corporation
SDS site data system
SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
SDSC San Diego Supercomputer Center
SDSD Satellite Data Services Division
SDSS Spatial Decision Support System
SDTS Spatial Data Transfer Standard
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SEAMEO South East Asian Ministers Education Organization
SEAREX Sea-Air Exchange (program)
SEAS Shipboard Environmental Data Acquisition System
Seasat sea satellite (an oceanographic research satellite) (NASA)
SEASPAN SEAREX South Pacific Aerosol
Network
SeaStar Spacecraft flying SeaWIFS
SEATO Southeast Asian Treaty Organization
SeaWIFS sea-viewing wide-field sensor
SEB State Electricity Board
SEBEX Sahelian Energy Balance Experiment
SEC Science Executive Committee of the IWG
sec secant (trigonometric function) (do NOT use "sec" for "second;" use "s" for
"second")
SECTIONS Oceanographic Programme of the U.S.S.R.
SEDAC Socio-Economic Data and Applications
Center (CIESIN)
SEL Standard Elektrik Lorenz (AG Stuttgart, Germany)
SELPER Society of Latin American Remote Sensing Specialists
SELV small expendable launch vehicle
SEM scanning electron microscope
SEM space environment monitor
SERC Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
SERC Science Executive Research Council (U.K.)
SERDP Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
SERI Solar Energy Research Institute (Golden, Colorado)
SERON Southeastern Regional Oxidant Network
SERP Sedimentary Rock Program
SESAME Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment
SESAME Second European Stratospheric Arctic Middle Latitude Experiment
SESC Space Environment Service Center
SETAC Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
SF screening factor
SFC surface
SGCR Subcommittee on Global Change Research
SGM second-generation model
SGP single Gauss point
SGP Southern Great Plains
SGR specific growth rate
SH Southern Hemisphere
SHARE Software Help for Applications, Research, and Education
SHEBA Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean
SHPO state historic preservation officer (Memphis)
SHSG Spherical Harmonic Spatial Grid (model)
SI International System of Units (Systeme International
d'Unites) (standard metric units; replaced mks and mksa systems)
SI Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.)
SI solar influences
SIAM Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
SiB simple biosphere (model)
SIDS Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States
SIFE Second ISCCP Field Experiment
SIG-WAIS Special Interest Group-Wide Area Information Server
SIMD Single Instruction, Multiple Data (system) (processor)
SINTEF Norwegian Institute of Technology
SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla,
California)
SiO3 silicate
SIP Solar Influences Program
SIR Scientific Information and Retrieval (system)
SIR Shuttle Imaging Radar
SIR Spaceborne Imaging Radar
SIR-C Shuttle Imaging Radar-C
SIROS solar and infrared radiation observation stations
SIRS satellite infrared spectrometer
SISEX Shuttle Imaging Spectrometer Experiment
SIT Servizio di Taratura in Italia
SITE Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
SIV solar and interplanetary variability
SIZ Seasonal Ice Zone
SJVF Veterinary Agricultural Research Council
SK Saskatchewan
SLA Special Libraries Association
SLAR side-looking airborne radar
SLB shallow land burial
SLEJF Sri Lanka Environmental Journalists Forum
SLIES stratospheric limb infrared emission spectrometer
SLP sea-level pressure
SLR satellite laser ranging
SLR sea level rise
SLS stereo line scanner
SLURP Simple Linear Unit Reservoir Program
Sm3 Standard meter3
SMC System Management Center
SMCRA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
SME Society of Mining Engineers
SME Solar Mesosphere Explorer
SMIC Study of Man's Impact on Climate
SMM Solar Maximum Mission
SM-MIMD shared memory, multiple instruction, and multiple data (computer)
SMMR scanning multichannel microwave radiometer
SMMR scanning multifrequency microwave radiometer
SMO Samoa Observatory (American Samoa) (CMDL)
SMOS surface meteorological observation system
SMOW standard mean ocean water isotope standard
SMS Synchronous Meteorological Satellite
SMS/GOES SMS/Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite
SMY solar maximum year
SN Space Network
SNAS Strategic National Alternatives Study
SNL Sandia National Laboratories
SNL/PPG SNL/Parallel Processing Group
SNOTEL snow survey and remote telemetry
SNR signal-to-noise ratio
SO Southern Oscillation
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SO4 sulfate radical
Sox Oxides of sulfur
SOA state-of-the-art
SOC Specialized Oceanographic Centre (IGOSS)
SOC soil organic carbon
SOCC Satellite Operation Command and Control
SOCEX Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment
SOFAR Sound Fixing and Ranging (float with sound
source)
SOHO Solar Heliospheric Observatory
SOI Southern Oscillation Index
SOI Survey of India
SOLSTICE Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment
SOMMA single-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzer
SOP Ship of Opportunity Programme
SOP standard operating procedures
SOPAC South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission
SORTI solar-radiance-transmission interferometer
SOS Southern Oxidants Study
SOS/SONIA SOS/Southeast Oxidant and Nitrogen Intensive
Analysis
SOTER Soil and Terrain Survey
SP spontaneous potential (geophysical logging)
SPARC stratospheric processes and their role in climate
SPADE Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition
SPAN Space Physics Analysis Network
SPARC Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate
SPARCLE Spaceborne Aerosols and Cloud Lidar Earthprobe
SPAS Shuttle Pallet Satellite
SPECMAP Mapping Spectral Variability in Global Climate Project
SPECTRE Spectral Radiance Experiment
SPELDA Structure Porteuse External pour Lancements Doubles Ariane (external
support structure for Ariane dual-launches)
SPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
SPM suspended particulate matter
SPO South Pole Observatory (Antarctica) (CMDL)
SPOT Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (France)
SPOT Systeme Probatoire pour l'Observation de la Terre (France)
SPR single point resistance (geophysical logging)
SPREP South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme
SPREX Spring Runoff Experiment (DOE)
SPSO Science Processing Support Office
SR scanning radiometer
SR size-resolving
SRA Society for Risk Analysis
SRAD spectral radiometer
SRB surface radiation budget
SRC Saskatchewan Research Council
SRC Science Research Council (formerly DSIR) (U.K.)
SRDC Surface Reference Data Centre
SRF Solar Radiation Facility (CMDL)
SRF spectral response function
SRIC short-rotation intensive culture
SRL Shuttle Research Laboratory
SRM standard reference material
SRP soluble reactive phosphorus
SRS Statistical Reporting Service
SRS1 South Research Station 1 (WOCE)
SRWCP Short Rotation Woody Crop Program
SS stainless steel (flasks)
SSA singular spectrum analysis
SSALT solid-state (radar) altimeter
SSARR Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation (model)
SSB Space Science Board (NRC)
SSB Space Studies Board
SSBUV shuttle solar backscatter ultraviolet (radiometer)
SSC Scientific Steering Committee (JGOFS, PAGES, and IGBP)
SSEC Space Science and Engineering Center
SSG Scientific Steering Group
SSHT Sea Surface Height (above some reference ellipsoid)
SSI Spectral Statistical Interpolation
SSM special sensor microwave
SSM/I SSM/imager
SSM/T SSM/temperature
SSMI Special Sensor Microwave Instrucments (Satellite)
SSMR-SSM/I scanning multichannel microwave radiometer-SSM/I
SSP scanning spectral polarimeter
SSSA Soil Science Society of America
SSSD state soil survey data base
SST sea-surface temperature
SSU stratospheric sounding unit
SSURGO soil survey geographic data base (USDA and
SCS)
ST Steam Turbine
STA Science and Technology Agency (Japan)
STA Strategic Transportation Analysis (integrated transportation networks for
MTMC)
STACS Subtropical Atlantic Climate Study (U.S.)
STAP Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (GEF)
STAR Space Three-Axis Accelerometer for Research
STARE Southern Tropical Atlantic Region Experiment
START System for Analysis, Research, and Training
(IGBP, WCRP, and HDP)
START-SC START Standing Committee
STEM solar terrestrial environment model
STEP Solar Terrestrial Energy Program
STIB Stratosphere-Troposphere Interaction and the Biosphere (IGBP)
STIKSCAT stick scatterometer
STIP Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena
STMW Sub-Tropical Mode Water
STORET Storage and Retrieval System (water quality data; EPA)
STORM Storm-scale Operational and Research Meteorology (program)
STORM-FEST Storm-scale Observations Regional Measurement Program-Fronts
Experiment Systems Test
STP standard temperature and pressure (0° and 1 atm)
STP Subsurface Transport Program (DOE and OHER)
STRATOZ Stratospheric Ozone (campaign)
STRESS sediment transport events on shelves and slopes
STRI Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
STRIVE Science Teachers Research Involvement for
Vital Education (now TRAC)
STSB Scientific and Technical Services Branch (BoM)
SUBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
SUBIM Subsidiary Body on Implementation
SUNY State University of New York
SUP soluble unreactive phosphorus
SURE Sulfate Regional Experiment
SURTROPAC Survey of the Tropical Pacific Experiment (France)
SUSIM Solar Ultraviolet Spectral irradiance monitor
Sv Sverdrup (106m3s-1); Measure of water
transport
SV Small Volume water samples (< 10 liters)
SVAT soil vegetation atmosphere transfer (model) (BAHC)
SVATS Surface Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer Scheme
SW shortwave
SWACOM Standard Water Column Model
SWADE Surface Wave Dynamic Experiment
SWCA Soil and Water Conservation Act (1977)
SWCC Second World Climate Conference (1990)
SWDA Solid Waste Disposal Act
SWE shallow-water equations
SWEDAC Swedish Board for Technical Accreditation
SWF social welfare function
SWG Science Working Group
SWG Standards Working Group
SWH significant wave height
SWIR short wavelength infrared
SWIRLS stratospheric wind infrared limb sounder
SWSA solid waste storage area
SWT Science Working Team
SY Seasonal Year
T
T/C Temperature/Conductivity sensor chains on drifters
T/P SWT TOPEX/Poseidon Science Working Team
T/S Temperature/Salinity
TC/OPC Technical Committee on Ocean Processes and Climate (Germany)
T tonne
TA trace analytical
TAAF Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises (France)
TABLE Tsukuba Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment
TAC Tactical Air Command (U.S. Air Force bases) (now ACC)
TAE Transportable Applications Executive (a computer user interface)
TAGA trace atmospheric gas analyzer
Talk total alkalinity
TAM Tropical Asian Monsoon Region (START)
TAO Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
TAO Tradeable Absorption Obligation; also implicitly, tradeable (net) absorption
obligation
TAP Transboundary Air Pollution (project)
TAPPI Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
TARFOX Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observation Experiment
TBD to be determined
TCA trichloracetic acid
TCAD Tradeable Carbon Absorption Obligation
TCDC technical cooperation among developing countries
TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (EPA)
TCO Technical Cooperation Activities (WMO)
TCO2 total CO2
TCP Tropical Cyclone Programme (WMO)
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TCR tonnes of coal replacement
TDC Tropical Data Centre
TDDR total direct diffuse radiometer
TDL Techniques Development Laboratory
TDLAS tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer
TDLS tunable diode laser spectroscopy
TDMA tandem differential mobility analyzer
TDR time domain reflectometry
TDRS Tracking and Data Relay Systems
TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
TDS total dissolved solids
TDY temporary duty
TEA Temperate East Asia (START)
TEA-COM Temperate East Asia-Planning Committee (START)
TEAM Technology Base Enhancement for Autonomous Machines
TEAMA Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia
TEC total electron content
TECO Terrestrial Ecological Research Initiative
TECO terrestrial ecosystems
TED Technological and Economic Dynamics
TED total energy detector
TEDDY TERI Energy Data Directory Yearbook
TEESE TERI Energy Economy Simulation Evaluation
TEGD Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (EPA)
TEHM Terrestrial Ecosystem Hydrology Model
TEM Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (GAIM)
TERI Tata Energy Research Institute
TERLS Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (India)
TERRA Terrestrial Ecosystem Regional Research and Analysis (Laboratory)
TERSE Tunable Etalon Remote Sounder
TES tropospheric emission spectrometer
TF throughfall
TFAP Tropical Forestry Action Plan (coordinated by FAO)
Tflops One teraflop equals 1 trillion (1012) floating point operations
per second
Tg Teragrams or million tonnes
TG trace gas
TGCR thermal gross cloud restoral
TGCT thermal gross cloud test
TGDDIS Trace Gas Dynamics Data Information System
TGI temperature growth index
TGT TDRSS Ground Terminal
TI thermal imagery
TIA Territorial and International Affairs
TIC total inorganic carbon
TIGER Terrestrial Initiative in Global Environmental
Research (U.K.)
TIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic
Encoding and Reference (system) (BOC)
TIGER/GICS TIGER/Geographic Identification Code
Scheme (U.S. Census Bureau)
TIGER/GRF-N TIGER/Geographic Reference File-Names
(BOC)
TIGGER Earth sciences dimension to TIGER
TIGR TOVS initial guess retrieval
TIMSS thermal infrared spectral scanner
TIN Triangular Irregular Network
TIR thermal infrared
TIROS Television and Infrared Observation Satellite
TIROS Topographic Infrared Operations Satellite
TIRS thermal infrared scanner
TISAB total ionic strength adjustment buffer (analytical method)
TISGLOW TERI Information Service on Global
Warming
TKE turbulent kinetic energy
TL Team Leader
TLCF Team Leader Computing Facility
TLV threshold limit value
TM team member
TM Thematic Mapper (Landsat)
TMACS International Mathematics and Computer Simulations
TMC Thinking Machine Corporation
TME tropical mountain ecosystems (IUBS and MAB)
TMI TRMM microwave imager
TMR TOPEX microwave radiometer
TMS thematic mapper simulator
TMS Typical Shape Functions, Maximum A Posteriori Simultaneous
TNH Temperate Northern Hemisphere (START)
TOA top of the atmosphere
TOA tropical ocean-atmosphere (array)
TOC total organic carbon
TOCE tonne of carbon equivalent
TOCSEEG Tradeoffs Among Competing Social, Environmental, and Economic
Goals
TOF theoretical orthogonal function
TOGA Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere
(program) (WCRP)
TOGA-COARE TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere
Response Experiment
TOMCAT Toulouse Off-Line Model of Chemistry and Transport
TOMS total ozone mapping spectrometer (experiment)
TOMS total ozone measuring satellite
TOMUIS 3-D ozone mapping with ultraviolet imaging spectrometer
TON total organic nitrogen
TOPEX Topography Experiment
TOPEX Topography Ocean Experiment (NASA and CNES)
TOPEX/POSEIDON Ocean Topography Experiment (NASA/CNES Satellite Programme)
TOR Tropospheric Ozone Research (EUROTRAC)
torr pressure in millimeters of mercury with respect to vacuum
TOS TIROS Observational System
TOVS TIROS
operational vertical sounder
TOX total organic halides
TRAC Teacher Research Associate (program)
(formerly STRIVE)
TRACE-A Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic
TRAGEX Trace Gas Exchange between Midlatitude Terrestrial Ecosystems and
Atmosphere (IGAC)
TRANSPAC Trans-Pacific Experiment
TRANSIT Satellite Navigation (position location) System (U.S.)
TREES Tropical Ecosystem Environmental Observations by Satellite
TREM Tropical Rainfall Experimental Mission
TRL Transuranium Research Laboratory
TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (U.S.-Japan)
TROPOZ Tropospheric Ozone (Campaign)
TRSC Thailand Remote Sensing Centre
TRUCE Tropical Urban Climate Experiment
TSA Temperate South America (START)
TSAR Time-series Storage and Retrieval (system)
TSC Transportation Systems Center (DOT)
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)
TSD Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (facilities)
Tsfc surface temperature
TSI Thermo Systems, Inc.
TSL Technical Services Laboratory
TSP total soluble phosphorus
TSP total suspended particles
TSS total suspended solids
TSS Total Surveying Systems
TT task team
TTO total toxic organic (compounds)
TTO transient tracers in the ocean (survey)
TUNES Thomas Washington's Unexpected Nautical Extravaganza South-north
(expeditions)
TUR thermal uniformity restoral
TUT thermal uniformity test
TVA Tennessee Valley Authority (U.S. Independent)
TWAS Third World Academy of Science
TWP tropical Western Pacific
TWPO Tropical Western Pacific Ocean
TWRA Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency
TWT Traveling Wave Tube
U
UAF University of Alaska-Fairbanks
UAOB Upper Air Observation
UARP Upper Atmosphere Research Program
UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (NASA)
UATI Union des Associations Techniques Internationals
UAV unmanned aerospace vehicle
UBA Umweltbundesamt (Germany)
UC University of California
UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
UCI University of California, Irvine
UCLA University of California at Los Angeles (U.S.)
UCR University of California at Riverside
UCRL UC Radiation Laboratory
UCS Secretariat to the U.S. National Commission
UCSB University of California, Santa Barbara
UCSF University of California at San Francisco
UEA University of East Anglia (U.K.)
UDF UAV demonstration flights
UFACNC ultrafine aerosol condensation nucleus counter
UGAMP U.K. Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Project
UGM University of Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
UH University of Heidelberg (Germany)
UHF ultra high frequency
UIC Ukpeaguik Inupiat Corp.
UIC Underground Injection Control (program)
UI/CSRD University of Illinois/Center for Supercomputing Research and
Development
UITA Union of International Technical Associations
U.K. United Kingdom (preferred over "UK"; use as
adjective only; spell out as noun)
UKAEA U.K. Atomic Energy Authorities
UKMO U.K. Meteorological Office
ULS upward-looking sonar
ULST uniform low stratus test
UMTA Urban Mass Transportation Administration (DOT)
UMTRAP Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program
UMTRCA Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
UN United Nations
UNARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
UNCED United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development
UNCHS United Nations Commission for Human Settlement
UNCTAD United Nations Commission on Trade and Development
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Developmental Program
UNDRC Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator
UNEC United Nations Economic Committee
UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme (ICSU)
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNFPA United Nations Program for Population
UNGA United Nations General Assembly
UNGCRP United Nations Global Change Research Program
UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women
UNISIST United Nations System for Scientific and Technological Information
UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research
UNJSPF United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund
UNM University of New Mexico
UNO United Nations Organization
UNP United Nations Political Affairs
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency
UNSCEAR United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic
Radiation
UNSO United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office
UNTAB United Nations Technical Assistance Board
UNU United Nations University
UPS uninterruptible power supply
UPU Universal Postal Union
URAS (a commercial CO2 analyzer)
URI University of Rhode Island, Narragansett
URL Uniform Resource Locator (Mosaic)
URL upper range limit
URSI International Union of Radio Science
US-AID U.S. Agency for International Development
U.S. United States
U.S.A. United States of America
USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers (DOD)
USAF United States Air Force
USBCF United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
USBM United States Bureau of Mines
USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation (USDI)
USCG United States Coast Guard
USCGS United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USDA-SCS United States Department of Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service
USDC United States Department of Commerce (also
DOC and USDOC)
USDD United States Department of Defense (also
USDOD and DOD)
USDI United States Department of the Interior (also
DOI and USDOI)
USDOC United States Department of Commerce
(also DOC and USDC)
USDOD United States Department of Defense (also
DOD and USDD)
USDOE United States Department of Energy (also
DOE)
USDOI United States Department of the Interior (also
DOI and USDI)
USDW usable supply of drinking water
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency (also EPA)
USFS United States Forest Service (USDA)
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
USGCRP United States Global Change Research Program
USGCRPO United States Global Change Research Program Office
USGS United States Geological Survey (DOI)
USIA United States Information Agency
US-IGBP United States Geosphere/Biosphere Program
USJGOFS United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
USMAB United States Man and the Biosphere
USMAPS United States Map Analysis Package System
USN United States Navy
USNC/IHP United States National Committee for IHP
USNC/SH United States National Committee on Scientific Hydrology
USNMAS United States National Map Accuracy Standard
USO ultra-stable oscillator
U.S.S.R. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (now
Russian Federation)
USWB United States Weather Bureau
USWOCE United States component of WOCE
UT universal time
UT University of Tennessee
UTC Universal Time Coordinate
UTM Unified Transport Model
UTM university transverse mercator (cartography)
uv ultraviolet (preferred over "UV")
UV ultraviolet ("uv" is preferred)
uv-A ultraviolet type A
uv-B ultraviolet type B (280-320 nanometer wavelength interval)
UVR ultraviolet radiation
uv-vis ultraviolet-visible (spectroscopy)
UW University of Washington (Seattle)
UW University of Wisconsin
UWG user working group
UW/UD University of Wisconsin/University of Denver
V
V-PDB international scale for expressing C and O isotopic composition relative to
PDB carbonate
VACM Vector Averaging Current Meter
VAD velocity azimuth display
VAM vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
VAMP Validation of Model Project (IAEA)
VAS VISSR atmospheric sounder (GOES)
VEI volcano explosivity index
VCP Voluntary Cooperation Program (Equipment and Services) (UN)
VCP (ES) Voluntary Cooperation Program (Equipment and Services) (UN)
VCP (F) Voluntary Cooperation Program (fund)
vfr very far radiation
vhf very high frequency
VHRR very high resolution radiometer
VHSA variable hydrologic source areas
VIRS visible infrared scanner
VIRSR visible infrared scanning radiometer
VIS visible
VISSR visible and infrared spin scan radiometer (GOES)
VLBI very long baseline interferometry
VLSI very large scale integration
VMS Virtual Memory System
VMVM Vector Measuring Current Meter
VNIR visible and near infrared
VOC volatile organic compound
VOS voluntary observing ship (WMO)
VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Center
VTIR visible and thermal infrared radiometer
VTPR vertical temperature profile radiometer
VTR video tape recording
W
w watt
WAIS West Antarctic Ice Sheet (project) (PAGES)
WAMEX West African Monsoon Experiment
WARC World Administrative Radio Conference
WATOX Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment
WATFLOOD University of Waterloo Flood Forecasting System (Canada)
WATSTORE Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (USGS)
WB World Bank
WBC Western Boundary Current
WBDCS Wide-Band Data Collection System
WBIS Walker Branch Information System
WBW Walker Branch Watershed (introduced as an "experimental facility")
WCAP World Climate Applications Program (WMO)
WCASP World Climate Applications and Services Program (WMO)
WCDMP World Climate Data and Monitoring Program (WMO)
WCDP World Climate Data Program
WCIP World Climate Impact Program
WCIRP World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Program
(UNEP)
WCP World Climate Programme (WMO/ICSU)
WCRP World Climate Research Programme (WMO, ICSU, and IOC)
WCRP-JSC Joint Scientific Committee (WCRP)
WD wind direction
WDC World Data Center (ICSU)
WDCGG World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (JMA/WMO)
WDSD Water Data Sources Directory (USGS)
WEAVE Water and Energy: Atmospheric, Vegetative, and Earth Interactions
WEBB Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budget (USGS)
WEC World Energy Council
WECC Western European Calibration Cooperation
WEFAX weather facsimile (via geosynchronous weather satellite)
WENPEX Western North Pacific Cloud-Radiation Experiment
WEO Western European Organization (ECOSOC
region comprising W. Europe, Canada, U.S., and Japan)
WES Waterways Experiment Station (USACE)
WESTPAC IOC - Programme Group on the Western
Pacific
WET waste extraction test
WetNet Network for Distribution and Joint
Analysis of SSM/I Data (MSFC)
WEU Western Europe
WEV Water Energy-Vegetation
WEVS Wetland Ecosystem Vulnerability Study
WFC World Food Council (UN)
WFEO World Federation of Engineering Organizations
WFF Wallops Flight Facility
WFOV Wide Field of View
WFP World Food Program
WG working group
WGEP working group on energy policy
WGDM working group on data management
WGGC working group on global change
WGNE working group on numerical experimentation (JSC/CAS)
WGR Waste Generation Rate
WGRF working group on radiative fluxes
WHO World Health Organization
WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Massachusetts)
WHP WOCE Hydrographic Programme
WIHG Waclia Institute of Himalayan Geology
WILASS Water Infiltration in Layered Subfreezing Snow (program)
WIND weather information display
WINDII Wind Imaging Interferometer
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WIRP Watershed Integrated Research Program (DOE)
WISP Winter Icing and Storms Programs
WITS World Ionosphere Thermosphere Study
WMC World Meteorological Center (WWW)
WMO World Meteorological Organization (ICSU)
WMS World Magnetic Survey
WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WCRP)
WOCE/HP WOCE/Hydrographic Program
WODC World Ozone Data Center
WOVO World Organization of Volcano Observatories
WP wind profilers
WPCF Water Pollution Control Federation
WPL Wave Propagation Laboratory (NOAA)
WPR Water Resource Planning
WRC Water Resources Council
WRC World Radiation Center
WRD Water Resources Division (USGS and DOI)
WRDD Water Resources Development Department (MAW)
WRI World Resources Institute (Washington, D.C.)
WRR World Radiometric Reference
WRRC Water Resources Research Center
WS wind speed
WSC Water Survey of Canada
WSI whole-sky imager
WSMC Western Space and Missile Center
WST Whitecap simulation tank
WTH whole-tree harvest
WTR Western Test Range (NASA)
WUA weighted usable area
WVR water vapor radiometer
WWB Women's World Banking
WWF World Wildlife Fund
WWW World Weather Watch (WMO)
WWO Waste Water Outflow
WWSP86 Winter Weddell Sea Project 1986
WWW World Wide Web
X
X-SAR X-Band synthetic aperture radar
XBT expendable bathythermograph (oceanography)
XCTD Expendable Conductivity Temperature Depth (probe)
XDR external data representation
XIE X-ray Imaging Experiment
XMM X-ray Multi-mirror Mission
XRD X-ray diffraction
Y
year (do not abbreviate this word)
yr year (spell out)
Z
ZEEI Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia
ZPC zero point of change (hydrous iron and aluminum oxides)
CDIAC
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
P. O. Box 2008
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335 USA
(865) 574-0390 or (865) 574-3645 (User Services)
(865) 574-2232 (FAX)
INTERNET: cdiac@ornl.gov