Technical Abstract: Modern agriculture has done an excellent job producing food, feed and fiber, to feed the world¿s growing population but there are concerns regarding its continued ability to do so especially with the world¿s limited resources. To adapt to these challenges, future agricultural systems will need to be diverse, complex and integrated. Integrated agricultural systems have many of these properties, but how they are shaped by the environment and how they shape the environment is still unclear. In this paper, we used commonly available county level data and literature review to answer three basic questions. First, are there environmental limitations on the adoption of integrated agricultural systems? Second, are integrated agricultural systems more stable in variable climates and third do integrated agricultural systems have a lower environmental impact than more specialized systems? We focused on the Great Plains to answer these questions. Because farm-level data is lacking we focused on using county level indicators. The indicators selected were percent land base in pasture and crop diversity for counties on an east-west precipitation gradient in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas. In the Dakotas, both percent pasture land and crop diversity indicated greater agricultural integration at the mid-point of the precipitation gradient but the trend was not as clear for Nebraska or Kansas. Integrated agricultural systems do appear to have potential to add stability in variable climates and reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment. However, current adoption of integrated agricultural systems appears to be limited. Future reductions in fossil fuel availability and greater climatic variability may enhance the adoption of integrated agricultural systems.