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A Country Study: Chile
Library of Congress Call Number
F3058 .C5223 1994
Chile
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Preface
Table A. Chronology of Important Events
Country Profile
Country
Geography
Society
Economy
Transportation and Telecommunications
Government and Politics
National Security
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Historical Setting
(Paul W. Drake)
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
Conquest and Colonization, 1535-1810
Politics and War in a Frontier Society
The Colonial Economy
Bourbon Reforms, 1759-96
Wars of Independence, 1810-18
Civil Wars, 1818-30
Aristocratic Republicanism, 1830-91
The Conservative Era, 1830-61
The Portalian State, 1830-37
Two Conservative Presidencies, 1841-61
The Liberal Era, 1861-91
War of the Pacific, 1879-83
Downfall of a President, 1886-91
Parliamentry Republic, 1891-1925
Urbanization
Arturo Alessandri's Reformist Presidency, 1920-25
Military Interventions, 1925-32
The 1925 Constitution
Carlos Ibáñez's First Presidency, 1927-31
Mass Democracy, 1932-73
Alessandri's Second Presidency, 1932-38
Popular Front Rule, 1938-41
Juan Antonio Ríos's Presidency, 1942-46
Gabriel González Videla's Presidency, 1946-52
Ibáñez's Second Presidency, 1952-58
Jorge Alessandri's Rightist Term, 1958-64
Eduardo Frei's Christian Democracy, 1964-70
Salvador Allende's Leftist Regime, 1970-73
Military Rule , 1973-90
Neoliberal Economics
The 1980 Constitution
The Crisis of 1982 and the Erosion of Military Rule
Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment
(J. Samuel Valenzuela)
Geography
A Long, Narrow Nation
Natural Regions
The Far North
The Near North
Central Chile
The South
The Far South
The People
Formation of the Chilean People
Current Demographic Profile
Urban Areas
Rural Areas
The Labor Force and Income Levels
Social Organizations and Associations
Welfare Institutions and Social Programs
Social Security
Health Programs
Housing Policies
Education
Enrollments
Administration and Reforms
Primary and Secondary Education
Higher Education
Religion and Churches
Religious Affiliations and Church Organization
Religion in Historical Perspective
Forms of Popular Religiosity
Attitudes Toward Family and Gender
Divorce, Abortion, and Contraception
Family Structure and Attitudes Toward Gender Roles
Whither Chile?
Chapter 3 - The Economy
(Sebastian Edwards and Alejandra Cox Edwards)
Evolution of the Economy
The Colonial Era to 1950
Economic Policies, 1950-70
The Popular Unity Government, 1970-73
Economic Crisis and the Military Coup
The Military Government's Free-Market Reforms, 1973-90
Trade Policy
Banking Reform and the Financial Sector
Rural Land Market Reform
Labor-Market Reform
Public Employment Programs
The Debt Crisis: Further Reforms and Recovery
The Return to Democracy, 1990
Continuity in Economic Policy
Emphasis on Social Programs
The Current Structure of the Economy
Industry and Manufacturing
Mining
Agriculture
Fishing and Forestry
Fishing
Forestry
Energy
Banking and Financial Services
Transportation
Telecommunications
Tourism
Construction
Income, Labor Unions, and the Pensions System
Employment and Unemployment
Income Distribution and Social Programs
Unions and Labor Conflicts
Economic Results of the Pensions Privatization
Macro-Economic Policy, Inflation, and the Balance of Payments
The Central Bank and Monetary Policy
Exchange-Rate Policy and the Balance of Payments
Trade Policy and Export Performance
The Future of the Economy
Chapter 4 - Government and Politics
(Arturo Valenzuela)
Constitutional History
Development and Breakdown of Democracy, 1830-1973
Imposition of Authoritarian Rule
The Constitution of 1980
Authoritarianism Defeated by Its Own Rules
The Constitutional Reforms of 1989
The State and Government Institutions in Chile
The State and the System of Government
The Presidency
The Legislative Branch
The Courts
The Autonomous Powers
The Comptroller General
The Constitutional Tribunal
The Central Bank of Chile
The Electoral Certification Tribunal
The Armed Forces
Regional and Local Government
Parties and the Electoral System
The Party System
The Electoral System
The Parties of the Left
The Parties of the Center
The Parties of the Right
The 1993 Presidential Election
The Church, Business, Labor, and the Media
The Church
Business
Labor
The Media
Foreign Relations
Relations with the United States
General Relations
Future Challenges of Democratic Consolidation
Chapter 5 - National Security
(Adrian J. English and Scott D. Tollefson)
Military Tradition and the Evolution of the Armed Forces
Early History
Genesis of the Armed Forces, 1814-36
Confederation War, 1836-391
War of the Pacific, 1879-83
Development of the Armed Forces
Growth of United States Influence
Repression and Human Rights Violations
Civil-Military Relations
Mission and Organization of the Armed Forces
Mission
Command Structure
Army
Navy
Air Force
Civic Action
Defense Spending
Manpower and Training
Recruitment and Conditions of Service
Training
Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
Army
Navy
Air Force
Foreign Sources of Matériel
The Defense Industry
Army Ordnance
Naval Equipment
Aircraft Equipment
Cardoen Industries
Minor Defense Manufacturers
The Security Forces
The Carabineros
Organization
Recruitment and Training
Uniforms
The Investigations Police
Internal Security Intelligence Organizations
Public Order and Internal Security
Incidence of Crime
Narcotics Trafficking
Criminal Justice
The Penal System
Terrorism
A Modern Deterrent?
Appendix. Tables
Bibliography
Glossary
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