Grade "A" Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (2003
Revision)
Appendices A through B
Appendix A. Animal Disease Control
Copies of the Uniform Methods and
Rules; Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication, Uniform Methods and Rules for Establishment
and Maintenance of Tuberculosis-Free Accredited Herds of Cattle, Modified
Accredited Areas and Areas Accredited Free of Bovine Tuberculosis in the Domestic
Bovine and recommended Brucellosis
Eradication, Recommended Uniform Methods and Rules, current at the time of
adoption of this Ordinance may be obtained
from your State Veterinarian or:
Veterinary Services
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U. S. Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, MD 20782
Or
Federal Area Veterinarian in Charge
VS, APHIS, USDA
Your State Capitol
It is recommended that Regulatory Agencies initiate and/or
promote a mastitis control program. A well-planned and extended
educational phase will encourage the support of producers and reduce the
problems of enforcement.
The National Mastitis Council Inc., 2820 Walton Commons West,
Suite 131, Madison, WI 53718-6797, has studied a large number of existing
control programs and has outlined a suggested flexible control program. In
addition, review of the current knowledge of mastitis may be found in their
publications: Current Concepts of Bovine Mastitis and the Laboratory
Handbook of Bovine Mastitis.
Sanitarians may find the screening test a useful device for
detecting abnormal milk. Sample screening methods, as well as somatic cell
diagnosis and reduction programs are discussed in the references above as well
as the Dairy Practices Council, 51 East Front Street, Suite 2, Keyport NJ 07735
publication: The Field Person's Guide to Troubleshooting High Somatic Cell
Counts.
Regulatory action should not be based on the use of mastitis
screening tests alone. Screening tests should be used as an adjunct to a
complete program of mastitis control and milking-time inspections.
Appendix B. Milk Sampling, Hauling and Transportation
Milk sampling, hauling, and transport are integral parts of a
modern dairy industry. Hauling, sampling and transport can be categorized
into three (3) separate functions: Dairy or Industry Plant Samplers, Bulk
Milk Hauling and Sampling and Milk Transport from one (1) milk handing facility
to another
I. MILK SAMPLING AND HAULING PROCEDURES
The dairy plant sampler is a person responsible for the
collection of official samples for regulatory purposes outlined in
Section 6 of this Ordinance. These persons are employees of the
Regulatory Agency and are evaluated at least once each two (2) year period by a
State Sampling Surveillance Officer (SSO). These individuals are evaluated using
Form FDA 2399 - MILK SAMPLE COLLECTOR EVALUATION FORM, which is derived from the
most current edition of SMEDP. (Refer to Appendix M.)
The bulk milk hauler/sampler is any person who collects
official samples and may transport raw milk from a farm and/or raw milk products
to or from a milk plant, receiving station or transfer station and has in their
possession a permit from any State to sample such products. The bulk milk
hauler/sampler occupies a unique position making this individual a critical
factor in the current structure of milk marketing. As a weigher and sampler,
they stand as the official, and frequently the only judge of milk volumes bought
and sold. As a milk receiver, the operating habits directly affect the
quality and safety of milk committed to their care. When the obligations
include the collection and delivery of samples for laboratory analysis, the bulk
milk hauler/sampler becomes a vital part of the quality control and regulatory
programs affecting producer dairies. Section 3 of this Ordinance
requires that Regulatory Agencies establish criteria for issuing permits to
bulk milk hauler/samplers. These individuals are evaluated at least once
each two (2) year period using Form FDA 2399a - MILK TANK TRUCK, HAULER REPORT
AND SAMPLER EVALUATION FORM. (Refer to Appendix M.)
The industry plant sampler or bulk milk hauler/sampler is a
person responsible for the collection of official samples for regulatory
purposes at a milk plant, receiving station, or transfer station as outlined
in Appendix N. These industry plant samplers are employees of the
dairy plant, receiving station or transfer station and are evaluated at least
once each two (2) year period by a SSO or a properly delegated Sampling
Surveillance Regulatory Official. These industry plant samplers are
evaluated using Form FDA 2399 - MILK SAMPLE COLLECTOR EVALUATION FORM, which is
derived from the most current edition of SMEDP. (Refer to Appendix
M.)
The industry plant sampler or bulk milk hauler/sampler is a person responsible
for the collection of official samples for regulatory purposes at a milk plant,
receiving station, or transfer station as outlined in Appendix N. These industry
plant samples are employees of the dairy plan, receiving station or transfer
station and are evaluated at least once each two (2) year period by a SSO of
a properly delegated Sampling Surveillance Regulatory Official. These industry
plant samplers are evaluated using Form FDA 2399- MILK SAMPLE COLLECTOR EVALUATION
FORM, which is derived from the most current edition of SMEDP. (Refer
to Appendix M.)
The milk tank truck driver is any person who transports raw
or pasteurized milk or milk products to or from a milk plant, receiving station
or transfer station. Any transportation of a direct farm pickup requires
the milk tank truck driver to have responsibility for accompanying official
samples.
The criteria for permitting these individuals should embrace
at least the following:
TRAINING: To understand the importance of bulk milk
collection and the techniques of sampling, including the use of an approved
in-line sampler, all bulk milk hauler/samplers and industry plant samplers must
be told why, and instructed how, in the proper procedures of picking up milk and
the collection of samples. The Regulatory Agency, dairy field person, route
supervisors or any appropriate person whose techniques and practices are known
to meet requirements can conduct this training. If the Regulatory Agency
does not conduct the training, the training must be approved by or conducted
under the supervision of the Regulatory Agency.
Training also frequently takes the form of classroom sessions
in which the trainer describes pickup practices, demonstrates sampling and care
of samples and affords the candidate the opportunity for guided practice in
these techniques. Basic considerations of sanitation and personal cleanliness,
which are important to the protection of milk quality, are discussed here.
Officials administering weights and measures may participate in these programs
and provide instruction in the measuring of milk and the keeping of required
records.
An examination, approved by the Regulatory Agency, shall be
administered at the conclusion of this program. Candidates failing the exam, a
score of less than seventy percent (70%), shall be denied permits or licenses
until indicated deficiencies are corrected. The examination should be adequate
enough to determine if a bulk milk hauler/sampler is competent. The exam shall
be composed of a minimum of twenty (20) total questions broken down into the
following areas:
- Six (6) questions relating to sanitation and
personal cleanliness;
- Six (6) questions relating to sampling and weighing
procedures;
- Four (4) questions relating to equipment, including
proper use, care, cleaning, etc.; and
- Four (4) questions relating to proper record keeping
requirements.
Regularly scheduled refresher short courses by the regulatory
agents and officials administering weights and measures would assist in
maintaining and increasing the efficiency of the bulk milk hauler/sampler.
Appropriate training should also be provided to industry plant samplers with
regularly scheduled refresher short courses.
QUALIFICATIONS:
- Experience: Experience may include a required
period of observation during which the candidate accompanies a bulk milk
hauler/sampler in the performance of their duties.
- Personal References: Permit applications should be
supported by suitable references testifying to the character and integrity of
the candidate.
- EVALUATION OF BULK MILK HAULER/SAMPLER PROCEDURES: The
routine inspection of bulk milk hauling/sampling procedures provides the
Regulatory Agency with an opportunity to check both the condition of the bulk
milk hauler/sampler's equipment and the degree of conformance with required
practices.
The bulk milk hauler/sampler's technique is best determined
when the regulatory agent is able to observe the bulk milk hauler/sampler at one
(1) or more farms. Each bulk milk hauler/sampler must be inspected by the
Regulatory Agency prior to the issuance of a permit and at least once every
twenty-four (24) months thereafter as referenced in Section 5 of this
Ordinance. The bulk milk hauler/sampler must hold a valid permit
prior to the collection of official samples. States may use inspections from any
Regulatory Agency as a means of maintaining record requirements and
enforcement.
The procedures for sampling and the care of samples should be
in compliance with the current edition of SMEDP.
Specific Items to be evaluated in determining compliance
include:
- Personal
Appearance: Bulk milk hauler/samplers shall practice good hygiene; shall
maintain a neat and clean appearance; and not use tobacco in the milkhouse.
- Equipment Requirements:
- Sample rack and compartment to hold all samples collected.
- Refrigerant to hold temperature of milk samples between
0°C- 4.4°C (32°F- 40°F).
- Sample
dipper or other sampling devices of sanitary design approved by the Regulatory
Agency, clean and in good repair.
- Sterile sample bags, tubes or bottles;
properly stored.
- Calibrated pocket thermometer; certified for accuracy every six
(6) months; accuracy ± 1°C (2°F).
- Approved sanitizing agent and sample dipper
container.
- Watch for timing milk agitation.
- Applicable sanitizer test kit.
- Milk Quality Checks:
- Examine the milk by sight and smell for any
off odor or any other abnormalities that would class the milk as not being
acceptable. Reject if necessary.
- Wash hands thoroughly and dry with a clean single-service towel or acceptable
air dryer immediately prior to measuring and/or sampling the milk.
- Record milk temperature, time,
date of pick-up and bulk milk hauler/sampler identification on the farm weight
ticket; monthly the hauler/sampler shall check the accuracy of the thermometer
on each bulk tank and record results.
Pocket thermometer must be sanitized before use.
- Milk
Measurements:
- The measurement of the milk shall be taken
before agitation. If the agitator is
running upon arrival at the milkhouse, the measurement can be taken only after
the surface of the milk has been quiescent.
- Carefully insert the measuring rod, after it
has been wiped dry with a single-service towel, into the tank.
Repeat this procedure until two identical
measurements are taken. Record
measurements on the farm weight ticket.
- Do not contaminate the milk during
measurement.
- Universal Sampling System: When bulk milk hauler/samplers collect
raw milk
samples, the "universal sampling system" shall be employed, whereby samples
are
collected every time milk is picked up at the farm.
This system permits the Regulatory Agency, at its discretion, at
any given time and without notification to the industry, to analyze samples
collected by the bulk milk hauler/sampler.
The use of the "universal sample" puts more validity and faith in
samples collected by industry personnel.
The following are sampling procedures:
- Pick-up and handling practices are conducted
to prevent contamination of milk contact surfaces.
- The milk must be agitated a sufficient time
to obtain a homogeneous blend. Follow State and/or manufacturer's guidelines.
- While the tank is being agitated, bring the
sample container, dipper, dipper container and sanitizing agent for the outlet
valve, or single-service sampling tubes into the milkhouse aseptically.
Remove the cap from the tank outlet valve
and examine for milk deposits or foreign matter and then sanitize if
necessary. Protect the hose cap from
contamination when removing it from the transfer hose and during storage.
- The sample may only be collected after the
milk has been properly agitated. Remove
the dipper or sampling device from the sanitizing solution or sterile container
and rinse at least twice in the milk.
- Collect a representative sample or samples
from the bulk tank. When transferring
milk from the sampling equipment, caution should be used to assure that no milk
is spilled back into the tank. Do not
fill the sampling container more than ¾ full.
Close the cover on the sample container.
- The sample dipper shall be rinsed free of
milk and placed in its carrying container.
- Close the cover or lid of the bulk tank.
- The sample must be identified with the producer's
number at the point of collection.
- A temperature control sample must be taken
at the first stop of each load. This sample must be labeled with time, date,
temperature and producer and bulk milk hauler/sampler identification.
- Place the sample or samples immediately into
the sample storage case.
- Pump Out Procedures:
- Once the measurement and sampling procedures
are completed, with the agitator still running, open the outlet valve and start
the pump. Turn off the agitator when
the level of milk is below the level that will cause over-agitation.
- When the milk has been removed from the tank,
disconnect the hose from the outlet valve and cap the hose.
- Observe the inside surfaces of the bulk tank
for foreign matter or extraneous material and record any objectionable
observations on the farm weight ticket.
- With the outlet valve open, thoroughly rinse
the entire inside surface of the tank with warm water.
- Sampling Responsibilities:
- All sample containers and single-service
sampling tubes used for sampling shall comply with all the requirements that
are in the current edition of SMEDP.
Samples shall be cooled to and held between 0°C (32°F) and 4.4°C (40°F)
during transit to the laboratory.
- Means shall be provided to properly protect
the samples in the sample case. Keep
refrigerant at an acceptable level.
- Racks must be provided so that the samples
are properly cooled in an ice bath.
- Adequate insulation of the sample container
box or ice chest shall be provided to maintain the proper temperature of the
samples throughout the year.
The SSO's
conducts periodic evaluations of sampling procedures.
This program will promote uniformity and compliance of sample
collection procedures.
II.
MILK TANK TRUCK PERMITTING AND INSPECTION
Milk tank trucks shall be
evaluated annually using the requirements established in Sections 3. and 5. of
this Ordinance using Form FDA 2399b - MILK TANK TRUCK INSPECTION FORM.
(Refer to Appendix M.)
PERMITTING: Each milk tank truck shall
bear a permit for the purpose of transporting milk and milk products. (See
Section 3. of this Ordinance.) The permit shall be issued to the
owner of each milk tank truck by an authorized Regulatory Agency. The permit
identification and State issuing the permit shall be displayed on the milk tank
truck. It is recommended that this permit be renewed each year pending
satisfactory completion of an inspection as outlined in the following INSPECTION
Section.
RECIPROCITY: Each permit shall be recognized by other Regulatory
Agencies under the reciprocal agreements of the NCIMS and supporting documents
of this Ordinance. A
milk tank truck need only bear one (1) permit from an appropriate Regulatory
Agency. A milk tank truck may be
inspected at any time when deemed appropriate by the Regulatory Agency.
Absent proof of a current permit and current
inspection, when the milk tank truck is inspected by a Regulatory Agency other
than the permitting agency, an inspection fee may be charged to the owner of
the milk tank truck. This is necessary to allow a milk tank truck to pickup and
deliver in several jurisdictions without the need for more than one (1)
permit. A Regulatory Agency may have
the option of inspecting any milk tank truck at any time when milk and milk
products are transported in or out of a particular jurisdiction. It is the
responsibility of the milk tank truck owner or operator to maintain a current
proof of inspection to avoid a re-inspection fee.
Disputes concerning reciprocal agreements on milk tank truck
inspection between Regulatory Agencies may be tendered to the Chair of the
NCIMS or the Chair's designee for resolution.
INSPECTION: Each milk tank truck shall
be inspected at least once each year by a Regulatory Agency.
(Refer to Section 5. of this Ordinance.) A copy of the
current inspection report shall accompany the milk tank truck at all times, or
the tank shall bear an affixed label, which identifies the Regulatory Agency
with the month and year of inspection. The affixed label shall be located near
the tank outlet valve.
When significant defects or
violations are encountered by a Regulatory Agency, a copy of the report shall
be forwarded to the permitting agency and also carried on the milk tank truck
until the violations are corrected.
Milk tank truck inspections shall
be conducted in a suitable location, i.e., a dairy plant, receiving or transfer
station or milk tank truck-cleaning facility. Inspections may not require entry
of confined spaces as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) standards. When
significant cleaning, construction or repair defects are noted the milk tank
truck shall be removed from service until proper confined entry safety requirements
can be satisfied to determine cleaning or repairs needed. Cleaning or repairs may be verified by a
qualified individual to the satisfaction of the Regulatory Agency.
Inspection
reports completed by Regulatory Agencies other than the permitting agency shall
be forwarded to the permitting agency for verification of annual inspection as
required in the PERMITTING Section of this Appendix.
The permitting agency may use these reports
to satisfy permit requirements.
MILK TANK TRUCK STANDARDS: All Items of the Milk Tank Truck Inspection
Form fall into the categories of
'Compliance', 'Non-Compliance' or 'Not Applicable' (NA) as determined
during the inspection. The following
Items relate to Form FDA 2399b (See Appendix M.):
- Samples
and Sampling Equipment: (When provided.)
- Sample containers shall be stored to
preclude contamination.
- The sample box shall be in good repair and
kept clean.
- Sample transfer instrument
shall be cleaned and sanitized to insure that proper samples are
collected.
- The sample transfer instrument container is
provided and adequate means for maintaining sanitizer solutions is on hand.
- The samples are properly stored to preclude
contamination.
- The sample storage compartment shall be
clean.
- Samples are maintained at an acceptable
temperature 0°C-4.4°C (32°F-40°F) and a temperature control
sample is provided.
- An approved thermometer is available for use
by the sampler. The accuracy of the
thermometer is checked each six (6) months with the results and date recorded
on the carrying case.
- Product Temperature 7° C (45°F) or
Less:
- The product temperature must meet all the
requirements of Section 7, Items 18r. and 17p., Cooling of Milk, of this Ordinance.
- Product that remains in external transfer systems that exceeds 7°C
(45°F) is discarded. This includes pumps, hoses, air elimination
equipment or metering systems.
- Equipment
Construction, Cleaning, Sanitizing and Repair:
Items A through K on Form FDA 2359b shall be evaluated according to
the following criteria:
- Construction and Repair Requirements.
- (1) The milk
tank truck and all appurtenances shall meet applicable requirements of Section
7, Item 10p. - Sanitary Piping and Item 11p. - Construction and Repair of
Containers and Equipment, of this
Ordinance. Equipment manufactured in conformity with 3-A Sanitary
Standards, complies with sanitary design and construction requirements of this
Ordinance.
- (2) The interior of the milk tank trucks shall
be constructed of smooth, non-absorbent, corrosion-resistant, non-toxic
material; and it shall be maintained in good repair.
- (3) The appurtenances of the milk tank
truck includes hoses, pumps and fittings, shall be constructed of smooth,
non-toxic cleanable material; and shall be maintained in good repair.
Where flexibility is required, the fluid
transfer system shall be free draining and so supported to maintain uniform
slope and alignment. They shall be
easily disassembled and accessible for inspection.
- (4) The cabinet portion(s) of the tank, used for
the storage of appurtenances and sampling equipment, where applicable, shall be
constructed to preclude contamination by dust, dirt; be clean; and in good
repair.
- (5) The milk tank truck dome lid assembly, vent
and dust cover shall be designed to protect the tank and milk from
contamination.
- Cleaning and Sanitizing Requirements:
- (1) The milk
tank truck and all of its appurtenances shall be cleaned and sanitized in
accordance with applicable requirements of Section 7, Item 12p. -Cleaning and
Sanitizing of Containers and Equipment, of this Ordinance.
- (2) The milk
tank truck shall be cleaned and sanitized prior to its first use. When the time
elapsed after cleaning and sanitizing, and before its first use, exceeds
seventy-two (72) hours the tank must be re-sanitized.
- (3) It is
allowable to pickup multiple loads continuously within a twenty-four (24) hour
period, provided the milk tank truck is washed after each day's used.
- Exterior Condition of Tank: The
exterior of the milk tank truck is properly constructed and in good
repair. Defects and damage that would
adversely affect products contained in the milk tank truck are pointed out
on the MILK TANK TRUCK INSPECTION FORM and corrective actions
are prescribed. Cleanliness of the milk tank truck exterior is evaluated
with consideration
for
existing weather and environmental conditions.
- Wash and Sanitize Record:
- The bulk milk hauler/sampler shall be
responsible for assuring that the milk tank truck has been properly cleaned
and sanitized at a permitted milk plant, receiving station, transfer
station, or milk tank truck cleaning
facility. A milk tank truck without proper cleaning and sanitizing documentation
shall not be loaded or unloaded
until the proper cleaning and sanitization can be verified.
- A cleaning and sanitizing tag shall be affixed
to the outlet valve of the milk tank truck until the milk tank truck is next
washed and sanitized. When the milk
tank truck is washed and sanitized, the previous cleaning and sanitizing tag
shall be removed and stored at the location where the milk tank truck was
washed for a period of not less than fifteen (15) days.
- The following information shall be recorded
on the cleaning and sanitization tag:
- (1) Identification of the milk tank truck.
- (2) Date and time of day the milk tank truck was
cleaned and sanitized.
- (3) Location where the milk tank truck was
cleaned and sanitized.
- (4) Signature or initials of the person who
cleaned and sanitized the milk tank truck.
- The maintenance of all
information on the cleaning and sanitizing tag shall be the responsibility of
the bulk milk hauler/sampler or the milk tank truck operator.
- Location of Last Cleaning/Sanitizing:
The location
of the last cleaning and sanitizing shall be verified by the Regulatory Agency
during any milk tank truck inspection and recorded on the Milk Tank Truck
Inspection Form.
- Labeling: The maintenance of all
pertinent information on all shipping documents, shipping invoices, bills of
lading or weight tickets is the responsibility of the bulk milk hauler/sampler.
A milk tank truck transporting raw, heat-treated or pasteurized milk and milk
products to a milk plant from another milk plant, receiving station or transfer
station is required to be marked with the name and address of the milk plant or
hauler and the milk tank truck shall be under a proper seal.
All shipping documents must contain the
following information as outlined in Section 4 - Labeling of this Ordinance:
- Shipper's name, address and
permit number. Each milk tank truck
load of milk shall include the IMS Bulk Tank Unit (BTU) identification
number(s) or the IMS listed Plant Number, for farm groups listed with a plant,
on the farm weight ticket or manifest.
- Permit
identification of the hauler, if not an employee of the shipper.
- Point of origin of shipment.
- Milk tank
truck identification number.
- Name of product.
- Weight of product.
- Temperature of product when loaded.
- Date of shipment.
- Name of supervising Regulatory Agency at the
point of origin of shipment.
- Whether the
contents are raw, pasteurized, or in the case of cream, lowfat or skim milk,
whether it has been heat-treated.
- Seal number on inlet, outlet, wash connections and vents.
All
information contained on the above described documents shall be verified by the
Regulatory Agency and recorded on the appropriate inspection sheet for any bulk
milk tank trucks under inspection.
- Vehicle and Milk Tank Truck Properly
Identified: It shall be the
responsibility of the milk tank truck owner or operator to insure the proper
and legible identification of the milk tank truck(s) in their possession.
- Previous Inspection Sheet or Affixed Label Available: When a
milk tank truck transports milk and milk products from one (1) regulatory
jurisdiction to another it is not necessary to inspect each milk tank truck
upon each arrival. Milk tank truck owners and operators shall carry proof of
annual inspection from a recognized Regulatory Agency. A milk tank truck may be
inspected at any time or at the discretion of any Regulatory Agency responsible
for the milk supply.
- Sample Chain-of-Custody: When samples for official laboratory
analysis are transported by any individual where the sample chain-of-custody
must be established, the driver may be required to carry a valid permit or shall
be evaluated biennially for the collection of samples for official laboratory
analysis. The criteria from
Section I - Evaluation of Bulk Milk Hauler/ Sampler Procedures, Item 7 -
Sampling Responsibilities of this Appendix will be used as the basis for the
evaluation. As an alternative, a sample case sealed as required by the
Regulatory Agency may be accepted.