Present PositionSenior Fellow,Senior ScientistBrief BioAfter his PhD he started as a NRC fellow at GSFC. Became a civil servant in 1979. He has been involved in the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data from many of the x-ray spectroscopy and imaging experiments flown in the last 15 years (viz. OSO-7, OSO-8, HEAO-1, HEAO-2, EXOSAT, Ginga, Rosat , BBXRT, ASCA,XMM,Chandra and XTE). He is presently an interdisciplinary scientist on the AXAF science working group, a ASTRO-E science advisory group member and a mission scientist on the XMM Science Advisory Group. Dr. Mushotzky has supervised the PhD thesis of 10 students and has worked closely with numerous post-doctoral research fellows and other graduate students.He has received the NASA Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement in 1983 and 2003, the NASA Exceptional Achievement award in 2000 and the GSFC Lindsay Award for Scientific Achievement in 1985Educational Background1968 - B.S. - M.I.T.1971 - M.S. - U.C.S.D. 1976 - Ph.D. - U.C.S.D. Observations of hard X-rays from extra-galactic objects Over 100 invited lectures at international meetings and universities, over 270 refereed publications, and a ISI “ Highly Cited scientist”. Numerous mentions in “Science News” , 4 articles in the New York Times. Research InterestsStudies of Active Galactic Nuclei ,Clusters of Galaxies, elliptical galaxies, evolution of the elements and cosmology: analysis and interpretation of X-ray observations of active galactic nuclei and clusters of galaxies. Participate in the development, planning and implementation of future X-ray observatories. Supervision and guidance of graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, guest observer facilitySELECTED OTHER ACTIVITIES Space Station Platform Accommodation Group, 1986-1988 Member of the X-ray Program Working Group 1992-1994 Chair NASA High Energy Astrophysics Theory review panel 1989,1992 Member NASA review panel- on the review of the proposal review process Sept 1996 Member of the National Academy of Sciences Task group on Space Astronomy and Astrophysics 1996 Chair Space Telescope Proposal review panel on clusters of galaxies Nov 1996 Chair ADP review panel on active galaxies August 1997 Chair ASCA Extragalactic Review panel Oct 1997 GSFC wide term position review board Fall/winter 1997-98 Chair XMM Science Survey Consortium Review Board Dec 1997 Presented the operating missions at the NASA Hdqrts State of the Universe 1999 Member of X-ray Program Working Group 1999 Adjunct Professor at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University Member Steering Committee on the Ground based Optical/IR system Phoenix Oct 2000 NOVA Lecturer Netherlands April 2001 Chair XMM TAC on clusters of galaxies Nov 2004 Chair HST proposal review TAC- Extragalactic panel march 2005 Current ProjectsChandra Science Working GroupXMM Users Group Suzaku Science Working Group Constellation-X FST ELECTED OTHER ACTIVITIES Space Station Platform Accommodation Group, 1986-1988 Member of the X-ray Program Working Group 1992-1994 Chair NASA High Energy Astrophysics Theory review panel 1989,1992 Member NASA review panel- on the review of the proposal review process Sept 1996 Member of the National Academy of Sciences Task group on Space Astronomy and Astrophysics 1996 Chair Space Telescope Proposal review panel on clusters of galaxies Nov 1996 Chair ADP review panel on active galaxies August 1997 Chair ASCA Extragalactic Review panel Oct 1997 GSFC wide term position review board Fall/winter 1997-98 Chair XMM Science Survey Consortium Review Board Dec 1997 Presented the operating missions at the NASA Hdqrts State of the Universe 1999 Member of X-ray Program Working Group 1999 Adjunct Professor at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University Member Steering Committee on the Ground based Optical/IR system Phoenix Oct 2000 NOVA Lecturer Netherlands April 2001 Chair XMM TAC on clusters of galaxies Nov 2004 Chair HST proposal review TAC- Extragalactic panel march 2005 Selected PublicationsTop 5 most frequently cited papers: ~230 citations or more.The most sensitive hard x-ray survey of the sky- Piccinotti, G.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Boldt, E. A.; Holt, S. S.; Marshall, F. E.; Serlemitsos, P. J.; Shafer, R. A. 1982ApJ...253..485P A complete X-ray sample of the high-latitude /absolute value of B greater than 20 deg/ sky from HEAO 1 A-2 - Log N-log S and luminosity functions The most commonly cited paper for the properties and existence of broad Fe K lines in AGN Nandra, K.; George, I. M.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Turner, T. J.; Yaqoob, T. 1997ApJ...477..602N ASCA Observations of Seyfert 1 Galaxies. II. Relativistic Iron K alpha Emission The first paper from Chandra on the x-ray background Mushotzky, R. F.; Cowie, L. L.; Barger, A. J.; Arnaud, K. A. 2000Nature.404..459M Resolving the extragalactic hard X-ray background The most cited review paper on the x-ray properties of AGN Mushotzky, Richard F.; Done, Christine; Pounds, Kenneth A. 1993ARA&A..31..717M X-ray spectra and time variability of active galactic nuclei The first observational papers on the evolution of clusters of galaxies Mushotzky, R. F.; Scharf, C. 1997ApJ...482L..13 The Luminosity-Temperature Relation at z=0.4 for Clusters of Galaxies Mushotzky, R. F.; Loewenstein, M. 1997ApJ...481L..63M Lack of Evolution in the Iron Abundance in Clusters of Galaxies and Implications for the Global Star Formation Rate at High Redshift ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other important results: First x-ray spectral survey of clusters of galaxies Mushotzky, R. F.; Serlemitsos, P. J.; Boldt, E. A.; Holt, S. S.; Smith, B. W. 1978ApJ...225...21M OSO 8 X-ray spectra of clusters of galaxies. I - Observations of twenty clusters: Physical correlations First broad band spectra of active galaxies Rothschild, R. E.; Baity, W. A.; Gruber, D. E.; Matteson, J. L.; Peterson, L. E.; Mushotzky, R. F. 1983ApJ...269..423R 2-165 keV observations of active galaxies and the diffuse background First direct test of cooling flow models and the discovery of the lack of cool gas Peterson, J. R.; Paerels, F. B. S.; Kaastra, J. S.; Arnaud, M.; Reiprich, T. H.; Fabian, A. C.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Jernigan, J. G.; Sakelliou, I. 2001A&A...365L.104P X-ray imaging-spectroscopy of Abell 1835 First claim of the existence of intermediate mass black holes Colbert, Edward J. M.; Mushotzky, Richard F. 1999ApJ...519...89C The Nature of Accreting Black Holes in Nearby Galaxy Nuclei Discovery of the general existence of hot gas in groups of galaxies and the implications of groups being the prime reservoir for mass and metals in the universe. Mulchaey, John S.; Davis, David S.; Mushotzky, Richard F.; Burstein, David 1996ApJ...456...80M The Intragroup Medium in Poor Groups of Galaxies First measurement of the chemical composition of clusters of galaxies Mushotzky, R.; Loewenstein, M.; Arnaud, K. A.; Tamura, T.; Fukazawa, Y.; Matsushita, K.; Kikuchi, K.; Hatsukade, I. 1996ApJ...466..686M Measurement of the Elemental Abundances in Four Rich Clusters of Galaxies. I. Observations and 1996ApJ...466..695L Loewenstein, M.; Mushotzky, R. F. Measurement of the Elemental Abundances in Four Rich Clusters of Galaxies. II. The Initial Mass Function and Mass Loss in Elliptical Galaxies, Enrichment, and Energetics in the ICM First detailed theoretical calculation of optical UV line strengths in a individual galaxy Ferland, G. J.; Mushotzky, R. F. 1982ApJ...262..564F Broad line region clouds and the absorbing material in NGC 4151 Publications at the ADS website.
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