Web Interface Guide
This document describes the use of each of the fields on the
SkyView Web forms. When using SkyView you should be able to
click on the field label to go directly to the relevant portion
of the document. Only the Coordinates/target field and the survey
are mandatory. All others are optional.
This interface is a Web portal to SkyView-in-a-Jar, a Java implementation
of the SkyView geometry engine. The fields on the web form
correspond to settings used there.
Detailed information
on these parameters, parameter values, and algorithms is given
in the
User's Guide. The relevant setting is indicated here.
Also included in this document is some information about the results page generated from the Query Form
Overall Organization of the Query Form
SkyView now uses a single query form for all requests.
When the form first appears many options are hidden. You can
reveal options by clicking on the
arrow
links in the page. The
will turn into
and a set of options will be displayed.
You can click on
to hide the options,
but any changes you have made will be saved.
Submit and Reset
Submit
- Pressing this button submits the request to be processed by
SkyView. You can also submit requests by entering
a carriage-return in any text input field.
Reset
- Pressing this button restores all fields to default values, clears
survey selections and in general returns the form to the state which
it had when the you first entered it.
Results Window
-
When "Display results in new window" is checked, results
will be shown in a window with the target name of "newwin" rather
than the current window. I.e., only one new window will be opened
regardless of the number of requests you make.
Required Parameters
Coordinates or Name
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Position
- This field is used to determine the center of the field to be retrieved.
If you specify coordinates these are used as the center.
When equatorial coordinates are being used the RA may
be specified as either hh mm ss or ddd.fff,
i.e., in hours or in decimal degrees. The coordinate fields
may need to be separated by a comma or sign of the declination
- Usually if any letter is used in this field the field is assumed to be an
object name and is sent to the SIMBAD or NED name resolver to be converted
to coordinates.
- Examples:
6 45 10.76 -16 41 57.82
6 45 10.76, -16 41 57.82
101.2948411 -16.6993947
101.2948411, -16.6993947
sirius
Surveys
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Survey
- These selection boxes allows you to select data from one or more
surveys. You can select multiple surveys either by dragging the
mouse down the box with the button pressed, or pressing the
control-key simultaneously with the mouse button when adding new
selections (note: some browsers behave differently with mulitple
selects). The surveys are described in detail in the
Survey Document.
- The surveys are divided according to wavelength regime and any
number of surveys in any number of the different regimes may
be selected. Note that when you click on a survey in one
wavelength regime box you will not de-select any survey that
has been selected in another regime. Typically you can
use <cntrl>-Click to deselect an entry.
3-D Surveys
Click on the arrow next to "3-D Image Surveys" to show the 3-D surveys options.
A 3-D survey has a vector of values for each pixel location, typically
giving the intensity as a function of energy at that location.
Data may be resampled in both energy and location.
The output image may have a single plane -- a simple scalar image --
or have more or fewer planes than the original data. Data is resampled
in the third dimension assuming that the intensity is constant
throughout a given energy bin. A given output plane is the
sum of the values of each input plane weighted according to the
fraction of the input plane included in the output.
Offset, bin size and number of bins for 3-D surveys
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Ebins
- The offset gives the 0-based offset of the start of the first bin
the user wishes. The bin size gives the number of input bins to
be placed in each ouput bin. The number of bins gives the
number of output bins to be generated for a 3-D survey.
E.g., if the survey has 10 input bins (e.g., EGRET), and the user
wishes to compress all of this data into 3 output energy bins, the
numbers could be 0,3.33333,3. The 10 input bins will be sampled
into three output bins. If we just wanted to compress by a factor
of two and drop the first and last bins, then 1,2,4 would be appropriate.
Fields in Commonly Used Parameters
Click on the Arrow next to "Commonly Used Parameters" to see these
fields. All of these parameters are optional.
Coordinates
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Coordinates
- Click on this field to choose among common equatorial, galactic and ecliptic
coordinates, or enter a special coordinate in the entry box if you
want a less commonly used system. See the
user's guide for details on the supported coordinate systems and their names.
Projection
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Projection
- Click on this field to choose among the map projections:
Gnomonic (Tan) -- good for small regions.
Rectangular (Car) -- simplest projection.
Aitoff (Ait) -- Hammer-Aitoff, equal area projection good
for all sky maps.
Orthographic (Sin) -- Projection often used in interferometry.
Zenith Equal Area (Zea) -- equal area, azimuthal projection.
COBE Spherical Cube (Csc) -- Used in COBE data.
Image size (pixels)
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Pixels
- You may select the pixel dimensions of the image to be produced. A
scalar value or a pair of values separated by comma may be given.
If the value is a scalar the number of width and height (in pixels)
of the image will be the same. By default a 300x300 image is produced. Note that pixels need not be square.
Image Size (degrees)
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Size
- This field sets the size of the image in degrees. A single value
or a pair of values separated by comma may be given. If a single value
is given the angular size will be the same in both width and height.
- Note that the default size for an image is the number of pixels times the intrinsic
pixel size of an image.
- Previous versions of SkyView did not support non-square
pixels so that only a scalar value of size was supported and this
always referred to the width or height of the image, whichever was
larger in pixels. Now if when a scalar value is supplied, the
number assumption is that the angular dimension is the same in both
height and width, and if the number of pixels are not the same in
the two directions, the pixels will not be square.
Image pixel format
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Float
- By default the FITS files will be produced with
4-byte real numbers. Unchecking on this box will change this to 8-bytes.
Note that all internal calculations are done in 8-byte reals,
and the data is converted at the end to 4-bytes, so that
unsetting this flag may actually reduce the memory used in
a request.
Other Optional Parameters
These options are a little less frequently used. Clock on the
arrow next to "Other Optional Parameters" to reveal them.
Brightness scaling
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Scaling
- This field selects the transformation between pixel intensity and
intensity on the displayed image. The default logarithmic scaling
generally works well over the entire image. Linear scaling tends
to enhance bright features. Sqrt scaling is intermediate
between the first two and is close to the response of the eye.
Histogram equalization scaling
can sometime show subtle features in the data.
Pixel Resampling
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Sampler
- Once SkyView has retrieved the data requested, it needs to be
resampled so that it can be displayed. SkyView offers several ways
to do this. The default ,
is the nearest neighbor approach, but linear interpolation, a flux conserving,
exact-area, clipping resampling, and higher order Lanczos and Spline
resamplers are availabe.
Rotation
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Rotation
- This gives the rotation of the image in the projection plane.
Name Resolver
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Resolver
- The name resolver box allows you to choose a name resolver to use
when looking up a name entered in the coordinate value box (as
opposed to a numeric coordinate value). The default choice (as also
used in the basic form) is to call the SIMBAD
name resolver first and then the NED name resolver if the SIMBAD
search fails.
Edge reduction
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Deedger
- When multiple input images with different backgrounds
are resampled the edges between the images may be apparent
because of the background shift. This field allows the user
to attempt to minimize these edges by applying a de-edging
algorithm. The user can elect to choose the default given
for that survey, to turn de-edging off, or to use the default
de-edging algorithm.
Smoothing
- SkyView-in-a-Jar settings: Smooth
- You can choose to do a boxcar smoothing of the image prior to the image
display. The size of the boxcar in pixels should be entered here.
The boxcar need not be square so a pair of values separated by
commas may be given.
If the value is less than or equal to one then no smoothing is done.
Since boxcar smoothing works only with odd values, an entered even
number will have a one added to it.
Color table
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: LUT
- Choose from the color table selections to display the data in false
color.
- You may invert the color table by checking the "Use inverse" box.
Optional Overlays
These options let you draw information on top of the images.
Click on the arrow next to "Optional Overlays" to reveal them.
Plot Color
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: PlotColor
- The color of the plot overlays can be changed by entering the name
of a color in this field.
Overlays only
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Min
-
This box suppresses the display of the underlying images and only
shows the various overlays. It sets the Min setting to a value
larger than any conceivable pixel value which has the effect
of suppressing the image.
Grid
- SkyView-in-a-Jar settings: Grid, GridLabels
- Check the 'Display Grid' box will cause overlay
a coordinate grid on the image. Check
- Check the 'Display Labels' box to annotate the grid with
coordinaets postions.
- By default the grid will be in the coordinate system used
in the image, but you can override the 'Grid Coordinates' selection.
RGB overlays
- SkyView-in-a-Jar settings: RGB, RGBSmooth
- You can generate true color images by selecting an image for each
of the primary colors. The image is displayed as a JPEG.
- A square box-car smoothing can be applied to each image
before combining the three colors. The smoothing should
be given as a trio of values, for the R, G and B planes of
the image respectively.
Catalog overlays
- SkyView-in-a-Jar settings: Catalog, CatalogIDs, CatalogFilter, CatalogRadius
- The catalog overlays box allows you to ask that the positions of
catalog objects be marked on the image. A listing of all objects
found with their position will be generated. Multiple catalogs may
You can select HEASARC catalogs from the table provided, or select Vizier catalogs
using the input field. Any Cone Search URL may also be entered there.
- The 'Display ID Strings' checkbox controls whether the IDs of the returned
catalog elements will be shown.
- Catalog entries can be filtered using a 'Catalog filter'. E.g., if the
table has a 'vmag' field, then vmag<10 will select out the brightest objects.
- A catalog radius field may be used to select objects only in some region
interior to the image boundaries.
Contour
- SkyView-in-a-Jar setting: Contour,ContourSmooth
- You can choose to display the contours of an image over using this
option. More than one image can be contoured, but the contours of
different images are not distinguished and the scaling options if specified
apply to all.
- The spacing of the contours is controlled by the 'Contour Scaling' options,
and you can also set the minimum and maximum contour levels as well as
the number of levels.
- The image can be smoothed by a boxcar smoother before being
the contours are drawn.
SkyView Query Form Results Page
This page displays images generated from the SkyView Query Form.
The criteria used to generate each image is listed along with some information
about the survey. More survey information can be found by following the More Information link. Options to download the image and FITS files are presented.
SkyView Image Gallery
If an image size is below a certain pixel
size limit the user will see the Add to Gallery button. If clicked
the original image (previous to applying the zoom feature) will be added to
the pool of images that are displayed on the SkyView Image Gallery.
The images will also be randomly selected to appear on the main SkyView page . Images will stay on the system until a directory size limit is reached at which time they will be deleted. Older files will be deleted first.
SkyView Home
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Direct all questions regarding SkyView to our Feedback Page
SkyView has been developed with generous support from the NASA AISR
and ADP programs (P.I. Thomas A. McGlynn)
under the auspices of the High Energy
Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) at the NASA/
GSFC
Astrophysics Science Division.
We gratefully acknowledge the support of NASA and contributors
of SkyView surveys.