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2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (CASRN 95-95-4)
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0121
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol;
CASRN 95-95-4
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS
only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research
and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent
a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
File First On-Line 01/31/1987
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
|---|---|---|
| Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 03/01/1988 |
| Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | message | 07/01/1991 |
| Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | no data |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
CASRN — 95-95-4
Last Revised — 03/01/1988
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds
exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed
in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer
to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs
can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances
that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other
sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance.
If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity,
a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF |
MF |
RfD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Liver and kidney Rat Oral Subchronic McCollister et al.,1961 |
NOEL: 100 mg/kg/day LOAEL: 300 mg/kg/day |
1000
|
1
|
1E-1
mg/kg/day |
*Conversion Factors: Food consumption 10% of body weight young adult animals; thus, 1000 mg/kg of diet x 0.1 kg of diet/kg bw/day = 100 mg/kg/day
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
McCollister, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. Toxicologic
information on 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3: 63-70.
This is the only subchronic (98 days) oral study in rodents available in the
literature. Ten rats of each sex were exposed to different levels (from 100
through 10,000 ppm) of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol for 98 days. Mild diuresis and
slight degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys were observed in rats of
both sexes in the 3000 ppm and higher doses. In this study 1000 ppm of diet
(or 100 mg/kg/day based on food consumption as 10% of body weight in young
adults) was considered to be a NOEL, as judged by behavior, mortality, food
consumption, growth, body and organ weights, and histopathology. Until
further chronic/reproductive studies are available, this RfD, 0.1 mg/kg/day,
is recommended.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — The uncertainty factor of 1000 reflects 10 for both intraspecies and
interspecies variability to the toxicity of this chemical in lieu of specific
data, and 10 for extrapolation of a subchronic effect level to its chronic
equivalent.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)
None.
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — Medium
Database — Low
RfD — Low
The confidence in the chosen study is medium and not higher because, while five dose groups were tested and several parameters were monitored, only a few animals were tested per dose. Confidence in the database is low because little supporting data exist. Confidence in the RfD is low. Additional chronic/reproductive toxicity studies are needed to support a higher confidence in the RfD.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Source Document — U.S. EPA, 1984
Limited Peer Review and Agency-wide Internal Review, 1984.
Other EPA Documentation — None
Agency Work Group Review — 05/20/1985
Verification Date — 05/20/1985
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol conducted in September 2002 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
CASRN — 95-95-4
The health effects data for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol were reviewed by the U.S. EPA RfD/RfC workgroup and determined to be inadequate for derivation of an inhalation RfC. The verification status for this chemical is currently not verifiable. For additional information on health effects of this chemical, interested parties are referred to the EPA documentation listed below.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Reportable Quantity for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Chlorophenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
Agency Work Group Review — 04/24/1991
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfC for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol conducted in September 2002 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
EPA Contacts:
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
CASRN — 95-95-4
Not available at this time.
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
CASRN — 95-95-4
Last Revised — 07/01/1991
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
McCollister, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. Toxicologic
information on 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3: 63-70.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health Effects Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
_VI.B. Inhalation RfC References
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Reportable Quantity for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Chlorophenols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC.
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
CASRN — 95-95-4
|
Date |
Section |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| 03/01/1988 | I.A.5. | Confidence levels revised |
| 05/01/1991 | I.B. | Inhalation RfC now under review |
| 06/01/1991 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
| 07/01/1991 | I.B. | Inhalation RfC message on-line |
| 07/01/1991 | VI.B. | Inhalation RfC references added |
| 01/01/1992 | I.A.7. | Primary contact changed |
| 01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory actions updated |
| 04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
| 12/03/2002 | I.A.6., I.B. | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
CASRN — 95-95-4
Last Revised — 01/31/1987
- 95-95-4
- COLLUNOSOL
- DOWICIDE 2
- DOWICIDE B
- NCI-C61187
- NURELLE
- PREVENTOL I
- RCRA WASTE NUMBER U230
- 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
- Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-