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d

Boolean Logic (continued)

To review, PubMed processes Boolean logic using the following search rules and syntax:

  • Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT
  • AND, OR and NOT must be entered in UPPERCASE.
  • AND is the default operator used in PubMed. If you do not include Boolean operators in your search, PubMed will automatically use AND between terms.
  • PubMed processes Boolean connectors in a left-to-right sequence.
  • You can change the order in which PubMed processes a search statement by enclosing, that is nesting, an individual concept in parentheses. The terms inside the parentheses will be processed as a unit and then incorporated into the overall strategy. [Show Me]

 

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Last reviewed: 28 April 2009
Last updated: 10 October 2008
First published: 20 March 2001
Metadata| Permanence level: Permanent: Dynamic Content