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W[ I&mage <=8C HKKKK(F33$ L!   X  YYYY'dxd d(F33$ L!   X  ( $ Figure  1  ]ZW^XC<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1     3)   X  _AY0) xdDEWxA X yz_yvz_yz_EPA_CICA_ԀFactSheetw w C(#Cyclones#yz_vz_##y_yz_#(O$(#3%y$ L!   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Advantages:  N  Advantagesofcyclonesinclude(AWMA,1992;Cooper,1994;andEPA,1998):b Q(eh83Ib J3     J3@2eh  1  .3  0    Lowcapitalcost;J3@@݌I(#(# Ќ   J3     J3A2eh  2  .3  0    Nomovingparts,therefore,fewmaintenancerequirementsandlowoperatingcosts;J3AA݌g(#(# Ќ   J3     J3B2eh  3  .3  0    Relativelylowpressuredrop(2to6incheswatercolumn),comparedtoamountofPMremoved;J3BC݌(#(# Ќ   J3     J3C2eh  4  .3  0    Temperatureandpressurelimitationsareonlydependentonthematerialsofconstruction;J3C0D݌(#(# Ќ   J3     J3%E2eh  5  .3  0    Drycollectionanddisposal;andJ3%E\E݌(#(# Ќ   J3     J3F2eh  6  .3  0    Relativelysmallspacerequirements.J3FOF݌/(#(# Ќ  @    Disadvantages:    Disadvantagesofcyclonesinclude(AWMA,1992;Cooper,1994;andEPA,1998):b "(Uh88Qb J3   0  J37H2Uh  1  .3  0(#(#  RelativelylowPMcollectionefficiencies,particularlyforPMlessthan10iiiiTy_iiTm#yz_iBI##y_yz_aI#iminsize;J37HH݌j$(#(# Ќ   J3   0  J3J2Uh  2  .3  0(#(#  Unabletohandlestickyortackymaterials;andJ3JQJ݌k &(#(# Ќ   J3   0  J3$K2Uh  3  .3  0(#(#  Highefficiencyunitsmayexperiencehighpressuredrops.J3$K[K݌!((#(# Ќ  bHb G( 88"b &  OtherConsiderations: '#L #+ Usingmultiplecyclones,eitherinparallelorinseries,totreatalargevolumeofgasresultsinhigherefficiencies,butatthecostofasignificantincreaseinpressuredrop.Higherpressuredropstranslatetohigherenergyusageandoperatingcosts.Severaldesignsshouldbeconsideredtoachievetheoptimumcombinationofcollectionefficiencyandpressuredrop(Cooper,1994).& K References:  t)$2 Andriola,1999.T.Andriola,FisherKlosterman,Inc.,(502)5724000,personalcommunicationwithEricAlbright,October14,1999.'Kt)NAvallone,1996. MarksStandardHandbookforMechanicalEngineers,editedbyEugeneAvalloneandTheodoreBaumeister,McGrawHill,NewYork,NY,1996. c.)8 ЇAWMA,1992.Air&WasteManagementAssociation,AirPollutionEngineeringManual,VanNostrand  Reinhold,NewYork,NY,1992.Cooper,1994.DavidCooperandF.Alley,AirPollutionControl:ADesignApproach,2ndEdition, &v WavelandPress,ProspectHeights,IL,1994.EPA,1996.U.S.EPA,OfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards, OAQPSControlCostManual,FifthEdition,EPA453/B96001,ResearchTrianglePark,NCFebruary,1996.EPA,1998.U.S.EPA,OfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandards, StationarySourceControlTechniquesDocumentforFineParticulateMatter,EPA452/R97001,ResearchTrianglePark,NC,October,1998.Perry,1984. PerrysChemicalEngineersHandbook,editedbyRobertPerryandDonGreen,6thEdition, Z  McGrawHill,NewYork,NY,1984.STAPPA/ALAPCO,1996.StateandTerritorialAirPollutionProgramAdministratorsandtheAssociationofLocalAirPollutionControlOfficials(STAPPA/ALAPCO), ControllingParticulateMatterUndertheCleanAirAct:AMenuofOptions,STAPPA/ALAPCO,Washington,DC,July,1996.Vatavuk,1990.W.M.Vatavuk, EstimatingCostsofAirPollutionControl,LewisPublishers,Chelsea,MI,1990.Wark,1981.KennethWarkandCecilWarner, AirPollution:ItsOriginandControl,HarperCollins,NewYork,NY,1981.