Pl. CXXIII. 415. Bathyclupea argentea, Goode and Bean. Collected off Nevis in 365 fathoms. 416. Schedophilopsis spinosus, Steindachner. Collected at Astoria, Oregon. 417. Tetragonurus Cuvieri, Risso. Collected at Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

Gathering commercial oysters is done chiefly by dredging or tonging. However, in certain areas much harvesting was done by oystermen who gather them by hand at low tide.

A mountain of oysters. Where spawning conditions are good, oysters in their natural state will attach themselves, one generation atop another, until great ridges of them exist up to high tide. However, such oysters are poor quality and of little commercial value. By spreading them out and giving them room to grow, the quality can be improved. F&W A-6151.

Oyster shells are recycled by planting them on soft muddy bottom. This gives a firm surface for the attachment of young oysters and helps provide larger crops.

Hundred of starfish dredged or scraped off an oyster bed. Starfish attack young oysters and threaten the well-being of the oyster crop. F&WL 12,416.

Starfish attacking young oysters. Special equipment is used to dredge or scrape starfish off oyster beds in order to reduce the damage to the oysters. F&W 12,001.

Mackerel being unloaded, salted, and barreled at the Boston Fish Pier. F&WL 12,351.

A 500-lb bucket of yellow-fin tuna being swung off a vessel to a receiving trough for further processing. F&WL 12,575.

A 500-lb bucket of yellow-fin tuna being swung off a vessel to a receiving trough for further processing. F&WL 12,575.

A 500-lb bucket of yellow-fin tuna ready to be offloaded from fishing vessel to a receiving trough for further processing. F&WL 12,343.

A 500-lb bucket of yellow-fin tuna ready to be offloaded from fishing vessel to a receiving trough for further processing. F&WL 12,343.

A 500-lb bucket of yellow-fin tuna being offloaded from fishing vessel to a receiving trough for further processing. F&WL 12,579.

Women preparing tuna for canning at a plant in southern California.

Fisherman casting his net. Photo F&WL 12,571.

Purse seining. Salmon swimming near the surface are surrounded with a wall of netting, which is supported by floats. Lines are then drawn tight in the lower surface of the net to "purse" it into a baglike shape. The fish are then bailed out of the net. F&WL C-1163.

Shrimp trawl operations. The 60-foot trawl has been raised preparatory to brailing out the shrimp. Photo B-50229.

Hauling in beach seine from the Columbia River by horse teams. F&WL 12,496.

Men hauling in beach seine heavy with Columbia River salmon. F&WL 12,495.

This barge-load of salmon attests to why the Alaska salmon fishery was the most valuable fishery prosecuted by U. S. fishermen at the time of this photo. F&WL C-1193.

Knee-deep in salmon. Salmon being transferred to a large boat on which they are iced and hauled to a cannery. F&W 12,935.

Brailing salmon from a floating trap. F&WL C-1195.

Salmon being counted when passing through weirs. By law, a certain percentage of salmon runs had to be allowed to escape commercial fisheries in order to spawn. To check the percentage, counting weirs were maintained on many streams. F&W - 10,111.

Beginning of the Alaska King Crab fishery. Meat from one crab is sufficient to fill several cans. Scientists of the Fish and Wildlife Service, a forerunner of today's NMFS, showed where to catch crabs and helped develop satisfactory canning methods. King crab being shown by Captain Trafton on the ship DOROTHY. F&W - 12,476.

Salmon fishing with large loop nets by Native Americans. Tribal tradition determines the spot each tribal member fishes from. F&W 12,934.

Salmon fishing with large loop nets by Native Americans. Tribal tradition determines the spot each tribal member fishes from. F&W 12,934.

Eskimo woman and child ice fishing in the Bering Sea

Mrs. Boyno, a Lapp woman, married to the late Peter Bals, an Alaskan immigrant

The SANTA FLAVIA - a floating cannery owned by the Alaska Fisheries Co-operative Packing Company.

The sponge auction wharf at Key West. In: "The Sponge Fishery of Florida in 1900" by John N. Cobb. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 175, Plate 9.

The strike. A turn of the century recreational fisherman begins the battle. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate I.

Angling for black sea bass at Santa Catalina Island. Gaffing a 240-pound capture. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate I.

Weighing a big sea bass. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate II.

Angling for tuna at Santa Catalina Island. Typical launch and equipment. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate II. Plate III.

The yellowtail (tuna) anglers of Avalon Bay, California; 200 to 300 boats often seen, all fishing with rod and reel. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate IV.

A salmon (rod and reel) catch, Del Monte, California. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate V.

Swordfish (Tetrapturus), yellowfin tuna, and yellowtail, caught with rod and reel at Santa Catalina Island. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate VI.

Amberjack caught at Palm Beach, Florida. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate VI.

The record sunfish, Santa Catalina Island, too heavy to weigh; estimated at 2,500 pounds. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate V.

A day's sport at Santa Catalina Island with white sea bass. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate IV.

Leaping tuna caught with rod and reel at Santa Catalina. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207, Plate III.

The record bonito, Tuna Club 1908, caught with rod and reel. This fish, which weighed 22 pounds, fought for more than an hour. Note angler's belt with socket for rod butt. In: "Sport Fishing in California and Florida," by Charles F. Holder. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVIII 1908, Part I, p. 207 Plate II.

Pivers Island and Beaufort, North Carolina, fisheries laboratory. In: "Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1902" . Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 1, Plate 1.

Beaufort Laboratory - exterior view. In: "Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1902" . Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 1, Plate 1.

Laboratory interior, Beaufort. In: "Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1902" . Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 14, Plate 2.

Observation tank, Beaufort Laboratory. In: "Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1902" . Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 14, Plate 2.

Bringing sponges from the vessels to sponge wharf at Key West. In: "The Sponge Fishery of Florida in 1900" by John N. Cobb. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 163, Plate 6.

A sponge auction at Anclote. In: "The Sponge Fishery of Florida in 1900" by John N. Cobb. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 163, Plate 6.

Spongers at work. In: "The Sponge Fishery of Florida in 1900" by John N. Cobb. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 166, Plate 7.

Sponge yard at Key West, showing the sponges drying. In: "The Sponge Fishery of Florida in 1900" by John N. Cobb. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 166, Plate 7.

Vessels and kraals at Baileys Bluff. In: "The Sponge Fishery of Florida in 1900" by John N. Cobb. Report of the Commissioner for the Year Ending June 30, 1902. P. 172, Plate 8.