Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)
Stage I Vulvar Cancer
Stage II Vulvar Cancer
Stage III Vulvar Cancer
Stage IV Vulvar Cancer

A link to a list of current clinical trials is included for each treatment section. For some types or stages of cancer, there may not be any trials listed. Check with your doctor for clinical trials that are not listed here but may be right for you.

Treatment of stage 0 may include the following:

• Wide local excision and/or laser therapy.
• Skinning vulvectomy with or without skin grafting.
• Simple vulvectomy.
• Topical chemotherapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage 0 vulvar cancer ¹. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site ².

Treatment of stage I vulvar cancer may include the following:

• Wide local excision.
• Radical local excision with removal of nearby lymph nodes.
• Radical vulvectomy and either removal of nearby lymph nodes or radiation therapy to the lymph nodes.
• Radiation therapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage I vulvar cancer ³. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site ².

Treatment of stage II vulvar cancer may include the following:

• Modified radical vulvectomy and removal of nearby lymph nodes or radiation therapy to the lymph nodes. Radiation therapy to the area of surgery may also be given.
• Radiation therapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage II vulvar cancer ⁴. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site ².

Treatment of stage III vulvar cancer may include the following:

• Modified radical vulvectomy and removal of nearby lymph nodes, with or without radiation therapy.
• Radical vulvectomy and removal of nearby lymph nodes, with or without radiation therapy.
• Radiation therapy followed by surgery.
• Radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of a new treatment.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage III vulvar cancer ⁵. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site ².

Treatment of stage IV vulvar cancer may include the following:

• Radical vulvectomy and pelvic exenteration.
• Radical vulvectomy followed by radiation therapy.
• Radiation therapy followed by surgery, with or without chemotherapy.
• Radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of a new treatment.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage IV vulvar cancer ⁶. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site ².

Glossary Terms

Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells.

A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Also called clinical study.

The use of an intensely powerful beam of light to kill cancer cells.

A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Lymph nodes filter lymph (lymphatic fluid), and they store lymphocytes (white blood cells). They are located along lymphatic vessels. Also called lymph gland.

Surgery to remove the lower colon, rectum, and bladder, and create stomata (openings) through which urine and stool are passed out of the body. In women, the cervix, vagina, ovaries, and nearby lymph nodes are also removed.

The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body. Also called irradiation and radiotherapy.

Surgery to remove a tumor and a large amount of normal tissue surrounding it. Nearby lymph nodes may also be removed.

Surgery to remove the entire vulva (the external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina) and nearby lymph nodes.

Surgery to remove the entire vulva (the external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina).

Skin that is moved from one part of the body to another.

Surgery to remove the top layer of skin of the vulva (the external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina). A skin graft may be used to replace the skin that was removed.

The extent of a cancer in the body. Staging is usually based on the size of the tumor, whether lymph nodes contain cancer, and whether the cancer has spread from the original site to other parts of the body.

A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. An operation.

Treatment with anticancer drugs in a lotion or cream applied to the skin.

Cancer of the vulva (the external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina).

Surgery to cut out the cancer and some healthy tissue around it.