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Phase III Randomized Study of Subcutaneous Azacytidine vs Observation in Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Basic Trial Information
Objectives I. Determine the response rate of patients with previously untreated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to azacytidine (AZA). II. Compare red cell transfusion requirements, platelet and neutrophil counts, rates of infection and hemorrhage, and percentage of bone marrow blasts in patients treated with AZA vs. an untreated observation group. III. Assess which MDS types respond optimally to subcutaneous AZA. IV. Evaluate the safety and toxicity of AZA in patients with MDS. V. Assess whether quality of life is significantly different between the treatment and observation groups. Entry Criteria Disease Characteristics: Myelodysplastic syndrome confirmed by peripheral blood and bone marrow maturation abnormalities of erythrocytic, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic cells All FAB classifications are eligible, i.e.: Refractory anemia (RA) Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMol) RA and RARS must be associated with at least one of the following: Symptomatic anemia requiring peripheral RBC transfusions for at least 3 months prior to entry Platelets 50,000 or less or thrombocytopenia with significant clinical hemorrhage requiring platelet transfusion Absolute neutrophil count less than 1,000 with infection requiring antibiotic treatment The following exclude: Greater than 30% myeloblasts in bone marrow M6 leukemia as defined by FAB criteria Prior history of leukemia Concurrent enrollment on protocols CLB-8961 and CLB-8461 for cytogenetic studies is strongly encouraged Prior/Concurrent Therapy: No prior cytotoxic therapy for MDS Biologic therapy: No prior G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3, or other hematopoietic growth factors except erythropoietin No interferons within 1 month of entry Chemotherapy: No retinoids within 1 month of entry No prior azacytidine At least 6 months since chemotherapy for other cancer (no prior chemotherapy for leukemia) Endocrine therapy: No corticosteroids within 1 month of entry Radiotherapy: At least 6 months since radiotherapy for other cancer (no prior radiotherapy for leukemia) Surgery: Not specified Patient Characteristics: Age: Over 15 Performance status: 0-2 Life expectancy: At least 2 months Hematopoietic: (within 2 weeks prior to registration) Bone marrow differential count of at least 200 cells Hepatic: (within 2 weeks prior to registration) Bilirubin no greater than 1.5 x ULN unless there is active hemolysis or elevation is secondary to ineffective erythropoiesis SGOT/SGPT no greater than 2 x ULN Renal: (within 2 weeks prior to registration) Creatinine no greater than 1.5 x ULN Bicarbonate at least 19 mEq/liter Cardiovascular: No uncontrolled or severe congestive heart failure (CHF) Controllable high-output CHF secondary to anemia permitted Other: At least 3 years since any evidence of malignancy No serious medical or psychiatric illness that would limit survival to less than 6 months or prevent informed consent No pregnant women Expected Enrollment Approximately 174 patients will be entered over 25 months in order to obtain a maximum of 158 evaluable patients. Accrual will stop early if an interim analysis (performed after entry of every 45 patients) indicates rejection of the null hypothesis at the p = 0.05 level. Outline Randomized study. Arm I: Observation. Arm II: Single-Agent Chemotherapy. Azacytidine, AZA, NSC-102816.Published Results Kornblith AB, Herndon JE 2nd, Silverman LR, et al.: Impact of azacytidine on the quality of life of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome treated in a randomized phase III trial: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol 20 (10): 2441-52, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract] Silverman LR, Demakos EP, Peterson BL, et al.: Randomized controlled trial of azacitidine in patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome: a study of the cancer and leukemia group B. J Clin Oncol 20 (10): 2429-40, 2002.[PUBMED Abstract] Related PublicationsSilverman LR, McKenzie DR, Peterson BL, et al.: Further analysis of trials with azacitidine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: studies 8421, 8921, and 9221 by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. J Clin Oncol 24 (24): 3895-903, 2006.[PUBMED Abstract] Silverman LR, Mufti GJ: Methylation inhibitor therapy in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2 (Suppl 1): S12-23, 2005.[PUBMED Abstract] Trial Lead Organizations Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Note: The purpose of most clinical trials listed in this database is to test new cancer treatments, or new methods of diagnosing, screening, or preventing cancer. Because all potentially harmful side effects are not known before a trial is conducted, dose and schedule modifications may be required for participants if they develop side effects from the treatment or test. The therapy or test described in this clinical trial is intended for use by clinical oncologists in carefully structured settings, and may not prove to be more effective than standard treatment. A responsible investigator associated with this clinical trial should be consulted before using this protocol. |
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