Menhaden purse and mate boats and two carry-away boats Starting for the fishing grounds From sketch by Capt. B. F. Conklin

Menhaden purse and mate boats. Fig. 1. Going down to the fish Fig. 2. Working to the windward of the fish From sketch by Capt. B. F. Conklin

Purse and mate boats encircling a school; carry-away boats in waiting. From a sketch by Capt. B.F. Conklin.

Crew pursing the seine; the fish striking the net. From a sketch by Capt. B.F. Conklin.

Sloops cruising for fish One sloop is for crew to live on and to tow seine-boats The others to carry fish to the factory. From a sketch by Capt. B. F. Conklin.

Menhaden sloops and steamers in Gardiner's Bay, Long Island. From a sketch by Capt. B.F. Conklin.

Carry-away sloops; bailing in the catch. From a sketch by Capt. B.F. Conklin.

Fisherman signaling to shore crews the approach of a school of fish. From a sketch by Capt. B.F. Conklin.

Crew of schooner, in old-style seine-boat, throwing the purse-seine From sketch by J. S. Ryder.

Carry-away boat with haul of fish on the way to oil factory. From a sketch by Capt. B.F. Conklin.

Menhaden steamer discharging catch at oil and guano factory, Tiverton, R.I. From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Gang of Portuguese in hold of menhaden steamer filling the hoisting tubs From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Fish pens on top floor of menhaden factory The fish are led through a trough to the cooking tanks From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Menhaden steamer discharging its catch at the oil and guano factory Incline railway to carry fish to cooking tanks From a sketch by Capt. B. F. Conklin.

Menhaden floating factory. An old vessel fitted as an oil factory Moved from place to place near the fishing grounds Drawing by H. L. Todd

Slivering menhaden for bait From Report U. S. Fish Commission, Part V, 1877

Menhaden oil and guano factory at Milford, Conn. Unloading fish at the wharf Incline railway to carry fish to cooking tanks on upper floor of factory Oil tanks and storage sheds in foreground. Platform for drying scrap in rear Platform connected with factory building by elevated railway From a photograph

Herring schooner bound for Wood Island, Maine Outfit of salt and barrels on deck From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Herring pinkey bound for the fishing grounds Nets hanging over bowsprit and stern; net dories on deck From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Torching at night for spurling or small herring in Ipswich Bay, Massachusetts From sketch by J. S. Ryder

Torching herring at night near Eastport, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Fishermen mending herring gill-nets at House Island, Casco Bay, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Irish fishermen of Boston picking their herring nets in Gloucester Harbor The typical "Irish market boat" From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Cape Ann herring fishermen landing their gill-nets after a night's fishing From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Fishermen in quoddy boat hauling herring gill-nets Drawing by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins

Boat landing; fish houses; herring smoke-house; fisherman's dwelling and farm From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Old style herring smoke-house (without roof ventilators) at Lubec, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Herring "horse" loaded with smoked fish on sticks From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Herring smoke-house at Eastport, Maine Smoke ventilators on roof; sticks of herring inside From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Shore herring weir near Eastport, Maine; the common form of brush weir From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Bar herring weir near Eastport, Maine; escape of fish prevented by receding tide From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Channel herring weir near Eastport, Maine; controls channel between islands From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Section of ballasted weir near Eastport, Maine; for rocky bottom From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Fishing a herring weir at low tide, near Eastport, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

General view of sardine cannery at Eastport, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

View of sardine cannery at low tide, showing employees at work From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Herring boat landing fish at sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Sardine steamer for collecting herring and towing weir boats From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Children at sardine cannery cutting off the heads and tails of herring Cleaning herring for canning From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Washing, draining, and flaking herring at sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Spreading herring on flakes for drying in the sun or in an oven From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Herring drying on flakes in the sun Landing, cleaning, washing, &c., at sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Fish drying frames on roof at sardine cannery From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Frying room in sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine Herring frying in pans of oil From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Packing room at sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine Packing herring-sardines in tin boxes From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Soldering room at sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine Solderers sealing the cans From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Bathing room at sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine Bathing vats at the left; men at right venting cans From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Making sardine cans at Eastport, Maine From a photograph by T. W. Smillie. From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Methods of setting Spanish mackerel gill-nets. Fig. 1. Straight set Fig. 2. Circle set. Fig. 3. Crooked set. Fig. 4. Hook set. Fig. 5. T set Fig. 6. Square set. Fig. 7. Triangle set. Fig. 8. Harpoon set. From Report U. S. Fish Commission, Part VIII, 1880

Chesapeake Bay Spanish mackerel pound-net From Report U. S. Fish Commission, Part VIII, 1880