All states screen newborns for certain metabolic birth defects. (Metabolic refers to chemical changes that take place within living cells.) These conditions cannot be seen in the newborn, but can cause physical problems, mental retardation and, in some cases, death.
Fortunately, most babies receive a clean bill of health when tested. When test results show that the baby has a birth defect, early diagnosis and treatment can make the difference between lifelong disabilities and healthy development.
Many of the tests use a blood specimen taken before the baby leaves the hospital. The baby’s heel is pricked to obtain a few drops of blood for laboratory analysis.
Tests for hearing loss use either a tiny, soft earphone or microphone that is placed in the baby’s ear.
The March of Dimes recommends that all newborns be screened for at least 29 disorders including hearing loss.
What you can do:
Find out which tests are routinely done in your state by asking your health care provider or state health department. You can also visit the Web site of the National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center.
Do not be overly alarmed if test results come back abnormal. The initial screening tests give only preliminary information that must be followed up by more precise testing.