Table 4-46: Estimated National Emissions of Lead (Thousand short tons)
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| TOTAL all sources |
220.88 |
159.67 |
74.16 |
22.89 |
14.77 |
7.68 |
7.05 |
5.49 |
4.98 |
4.17 |
3.81 |
3.92 |
4.05 |
3.93 |
4.08 |
4.14 |
4.06 |
4.20 |
4.23 |
| Transportation, total |
173.36 |
131.33 |
61.39 |
18.74 |
11.06 |
3.95 |
3.24 |
1.64 |
1.04 |
0.59 |
0.59 |
0.55 |
0.55 |
0.56 |
0.52 |
0.52 |
0.52 |
0.54 |
0.56 |
| Highway vehicles |
171.96 |
130.21 |
60.50 |
18.05 |
10.25 |
3.32 |
2.57 |
0.98 |
0.42 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
| Aircraft |
1.40 |
1.12 |
0.89 |
0.69 |
0.81 |
0.63 |
0.67 |
0.66 |
0.62 |
0.57 |
0.57 |
0.53 |
0.53 |
0.54 |
0.51 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.52 |
0.55 |
| Nontransportation, total |
47.52 |
28.34 |
12.77 |
4.15 |
3.71 |
3.73 |
3.81 |
3.85 |
3.94 |
3.58 |
3.22 |
3.37 |
3.50 |
3.37 |
3.55 |
3.61 |
3.54 |
3.66 |
3.66 |
| Fuel combustion |
10.62 |
10.35 |
4.30 |
0.52 |
0.52 |
0.51 |
0.51 |
0.51 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.49 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.49 |
0.49 |
0.49 |
0.49 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
| Industrial processesa |
26.36 |
11.38 |
3.94 |
2.53 |
2.13 |
2.16 |
2.27 |
2.40 |
2.48 |
2.27 |
1.92 |
2.05 |
2.18 |
2.27 |
2.27 |
2.32 |
2.24 |
2.35 |
2.35 |
| Waste disposal and recycling |
2.20 |
1.60 |
1.21 |
0.87 |
0.84 |
0.84 |
0.82 |
0.77 |
0.80 |
0.81 |
0.81 |
0.83 |
0.83 |
0.60 |
0.79 |
0.80 |
0.81 |
0.81 |
0.81 |
| Miscellaneousb |
8.34 |
5.01 |
3.32 |
0.23 |
0.22 |
0.22 |
0.21 |
0.17 |
0.16 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
a Industrial processes comprise chemical and allied product manufacturing, metals processing,
and other industrial processes.
b Miscellaneous comprises other nonroad gasoline, engines and vehicles that could not be accurately
allocated to specific source categories.
NOTES
Total lead emissions decreased sharply from 1970 to 1995 as a result of regulatory actions. The lead
content of leaded gasoline was reduced dramatically in 1985. In addition, unleaded gasoline was
introduced in 1975 for use in automobiles equipped with catalytic control devices. By 1995, unleaded
gasoline sales accounted for 99% of the gasoline market.
The EPA now treats lead as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and the HAPs emission inventory report is
published every three years.
The methodologies used to estimate emissions constantly evolve and undergo major changes. Improved
methods are often used to revise estimates for previous years. Therefore, some estimates in this
table may not match estimates produced in previous reports, and some trends may not be consistent
across years in which major changes in methodology have occurred.
Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.
SOURCES
1970, 1975: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Air Quality and Emissions Trends
Report: 1999 (EPA-454/R-01-004) (Research Triangle Park, NC: March 2001), table A-2;
available at Internet website
http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd99/toc.html
as of Sept. 5, 2001.
1980, 1985 and 1989-2000: Ibid, Current Emission Trends Summaries, available at internet website
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/trends00/trends2000.pdf
as of Oct. 17, 2002.
1986-87: Ibid, National Emission Trends source reports database; available at Internet website
www.epa.gov/air/data/nettier.html
as of Sept. 5, 2001.
1988: Ibid, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends: 1900-1998 (EPA-454/R-00-002) (Research Triangle
Park, NC: March 2000), table A-2; available at Internet website
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/trends98/browse.html
as of Sept. 5, 2001.
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