Table 4-20M:  Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes (Kilojoule per passenger-kilometer),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1960,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000
"Air, certificated air carrier",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Domestic operations,"5,659","6,633","6,677","5,078","3,755","3,308","3,233","3,062","2,992","2,988","2,913","2,873","2,742","2,731","2,703","2,655","R2,584"
International operations,"6,031","6,748","7,202","5,550","2,845","3,345","2,980","3,022","2,792","2,687","2,718","2,736","2,693","2,733","2,804","2,703","2,628"
Highwaya,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger car,"2,947","2,921","3,174","3,109","2,850","2,797","2,499","2,395","2,428","2,481","2,472","2,439","2,418","2,397","2,384","2,407","2,346"
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle,N,N,"4,465","4,308","3,743","3,259","2,918","2,804","2,790","2,803","2,849","2,975","2,977","2,992","2,995","3,024","2,947"
Motorcycle,b,b,"1,639","1,543","1,393","1,243","1,305","1,257","1,305","1,352","1,400","1,491","1,489","1,490","1,490","1,490","1,490"
Transit motor bus,N,N,N,N,"1,798","2,226","2,441","2,470","2,647","2,586","2,728","2,724","2,751","2,772","2,710","2,651","P2,719"
Amtrak,N,N,N,"1,562","1,419","1,373","1,353","1,297","1,334","1,326","1,269","1,205","1,408","1,442","1,402","1,381","1,399"
KEY: N = data do not exist; P = preliminary; R = revised; U = data are not available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"a  For 1995 and subsequent years, highway passenger-miles were taken directly from Highway Statistics rather than derived from vehicle-miles and average occupancy, as is the case for 1960-1994. Passenger-miles were then converted to passenger-kilometers.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
b  Included in passenger car.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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NOTES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"To calculate total joules, multiply fuel consumed (see tables 4-21, 4-22, 4-24, 4-25) by 37,626,700 joules/liter for air carrier, 34,839,537 joules/liter for passenger car, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle, and motorcycle, and 38,657,950 joules/liter for transit motor bus and Amtrak.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1.609344 kilometers = 1 mile.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2272.707556,,,,,,,,,,,,,
SOURCES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Air:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Certificated air carriers:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger-kilometers:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Air Transport Association, Internet site http://www.air-transport.org/public/industry as of Aug. 30, 2002.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Fuel consumed:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html as of Aug. 30, 2002.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Highway:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger car:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1995-2000: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC:  Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1995-2000: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Motorcycle:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1970-85: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1985, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC:  July 1997), table VM-201A.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1990-2000: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC:  Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Transit motor bus:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: February 2002), tables 30 and 65.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Amtrak:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Amtrak, State and Local Affairs Department, personal communication.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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