Table 4-6M: Energy Consumption by Mode of Transportation,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Petajoules),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,1960,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998 ,1999,2000,2001,2002,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Air,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Certificated carriersa,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Jet fuel,278,554,"1,119","1,077","1,213","1,441","(R) 1,755","1,639","1,675","1,703","(R) 1,764","(R) 1,805","(R) 1,883","(R) 1,932","(R) 1,899","2,051","2,114","1,997","1,830",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, General aviationb,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Aviation gasoline,31,37,70,52,66,53,45,45,40,34,34,36,37,37,39,44,(R) 42,(R) 35,35,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Jet fuel,N,8,30,65,109,98,94,82,70,65,66,80,87,91,116,138,(R) 138,(R) 136,140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Highway,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Gasoline, diesel and other fuels ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Passenger car and motorcycle,"5,430","6,558","8,952","9,793","9,256","9,456","9,200","8,507","8,655","8,869","8,978","9,003","9,155","9,244","9,482","9,693","9,664","(R) 9,727","9,910",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle,N,e,"1,624","2,516","3,138","3,609","4,696","5,040","5,398","5,651","5,818","6,014","6,245","6,513","6,655","6,971","6,982","(R) 7,059","7,233",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck,N,"2,026",581,793,"1,013","1,083","1,223","1,196","1,205","1,242","1,322","1,349","1,377","1,401",998,"1,371","1,399","(R) 1,415","1,508",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Combination truck,N,974,"1,075","1,343","1,908","2,049","2,361","2,460","2,519","2,597","2,730","2,894","2,955","2,971","3,682","3,591","3,756","(R) 3,733","3,871",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Bus,121,128,120,154,149,122,131,126,128,136,141,142,145,150,152,168,163,(R) 150,145,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Transitc,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Electricity,10,9,9,10,9,15,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,18,18,19,20,20,(P) 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Motor fuel,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Diesel ,30,36,40,53,63,89,95,97,100,99,99,99,101,105,108,112,115,109,(P) 106,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Gasoline and other nondiesel fuelsd,25,16,9,1,1,6,4,4,5,6,8,8,8,8,7,6,6,6,(P) 8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Compressed natural gas,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,<1,<1,1,2,2,3,5,6,8,10,(P) 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Rail, Class I (in freight service)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Distillate / diesel fuel,507,526,519,535,571,455,456,425,440,452,488,509,524,523,524,544,541,543,546,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Amtrak,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Electricity,N,N,N,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,U,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Distillate / diesel fuel,N,N,N,9,9,10,12,12,12,12,11,10,10,11,11,11,11,11,U,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Water ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Residual fuel oil,624,489,596,641,"1,414",725,999,"1,070","1,037",834,851,930,900,791,888,922,"1,012",854,766,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Distillate / diesel fuel oil,115,95,120,161,216,249,302,299,325,315,320,342,364,377,380,354,331,299,304,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Gasoline ,N,N,79,96,139,139,171,226,174,115,115,140,131,130,126,145,148,131,143,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Pipeline,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Natural gas,378,544,786,634,690,548,718,654,639,679,746,762,774,817,691,702,699,(R) 680,726,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, KEY: N = data do not exist; P = preliminary; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, a Domestic operations only.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "b Includes fuel used in air taxi operations, but not commuter operations.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "c Prior to 1984, excludes commuter rail, automated guideway, ferryboat, demand responsive vehicles, and most rural and smaller systems.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "d Gasoline and all other nondiesel fuels such as liquefied natural gas, methanol, and propane, except compressed natural gas.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, e Included in other single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck category.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, NOTES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The following conversion rates were used:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Jet fuel = 37,626,700 joules/liter",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Aviation gasoline = 33,501,698 joules/liter",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Automotive gasoline = 34,839,537 joules/liter",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Diesel motor fuel = 38,657,950 joules/liter",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Compressed natural gas = 38,657,950 joules/liter",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Distillate fuel = 38,655,829 joules/liter",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Residual fuel = 41,723,829 joules/liter",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Natural gas = 38,413,974 joules/m3",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Electricity 1kWh = 3,600,000 joules/kWh, negating electrical system losses. To include approximate electrical system losses, multiply this conversion factor by 3.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.055056 petajoules = 1 trillion British thermal unit (Btu).,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SOURCES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Air:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Certificated air carriers:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-2002: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html as of June 23, 2004.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, General aviation:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-70: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation - 1972 edition (Washington, DC: 1973), table 9.12.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1975-93: Ibid., General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 5.1, and similar tables in earlier editions.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1994-2002: Ibid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2004-2015 (Washington, DC: March 2004), table 34 and similar tables in earlier editions.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Highway:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. (Revised data obtained from Internet site http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/ohimstat.htm as of August 2001).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1995-2002: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Transit:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Electricity / motor fuel / compressed natural gas:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-2002: American Public Transit Association, Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: February 2003), tables 33, 34, 35, and similar tables in earlier editions. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rail:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-2002: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: October 2003), p. 40.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Amtrak:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1975-2001: Amtrak, Energy Management Department, personal communication.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Water:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Residual and distillate / diesel fuel oil:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-80: American Petroleum Institute, Basic Petroleum Data Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 10, 10a, 12, and 12a.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1985-2002: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 2, 4, and similar tables in earlier editions.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Gasoline:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1970-2002: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table MF-24 and similar tables in earlier editions.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Pipeline:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-2002: U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Gas Annual 2002, DOE/EIA-0131(02) (Washington, DC: January 2004), table 15 and similar tables in earlier editions. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,