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Table 4-32a: Federal Exhaust Emissions Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured
Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Heavy-Duty Trucks (Grams per brake horsepower-hour)
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Gasoline |
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HC + NOx |
j |
16 |
10 |
10 |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
NOx + NMHC |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
1.0 |
1.0 |
j |
NMHC |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.14 |
HC |
k |
j |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
j |
j |
j |
NOx |
j |
j |
j |
j |
10.6 |
10.6 |
10.6 |
6.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
j |
j |
0.20 |
CO |
k |
40 |
25 |
25 |
37.1 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
14.4 |
Particulates |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.01 |
Diesel |
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HC + NOx |
j |
16 |
10 |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
HC |
k |
j |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
j |
j |
j |
j |
NOx |
j |
j |
j |
10.7 |
10.7 |
10.7 |
10.7 |
6.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
j |
j |
0.20 |
0.20 |
NOx + NMHC |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
2.4l |
2.4l |
j |
j |
NMHC |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.14 |
0.14 |
CO |
k |
40 |
25 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
Particulates |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.60 |
0.60 |
0.25 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
Smoke opacity (acceleration / lugging / peak)a
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40/20/j |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
20/15/50 |
Weight criteria for light heavy-duty trucksb |
GVWR over 6,000 lbs |
GVWR over 6,000 lbs |
GVWR over 8,500 lbs |
GVWR over 8,500 lbs |
GVWR over 8,500 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
GVWR 8,501 through 14,000 lbs |
Test procedure, gasolinec |
9-mode steady-state |
9-mode steady-state |
9-mode steady-state |
9-mode steady-state |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
MVMA transient |
Test procedure, dieselc |
13-mode steady-state |
13-mode steady-state |
13-mode steady-state |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
EPA transient |
Useful life (gasoline)d |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
8 years/110,000 miles |
8 years/110,000 miles |
8 years/110,000 miles |
8 years/110,000 miles |
8 years/110,000 miles |
8 years/110,000 miles |
8 years/110,000 miles |
10 years/110,000 miles |
10 years/110,000 miles |
10 years/110,000 miles |
10 years/110,000 miles |
Complete Vehicles - (Grams per mile)e,f
GVWR 8,500 through 10,000 lbs |
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NMOGg |
0.28 |
0.28 |
e |
NMHCh |
e |
e |
0.195 |
CO |
7.3 |
7.3 |
7.3 |
NOx |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
Particulates |
e |
e |
0.02 |
HCHO |
e |
e |
0.032 |
GVWR 10,001 lbs through 14,000 lbs |
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NMOGi |
0.33 |
0.33 |
e |
NMHCj |
e |
e |
0.230 |
CO |
8.1 |
8.1 |
8.1 |
NOx |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.4 |
Particulates |
e |
e |
0.02 |
HCHO |
e |
e |
0.040 |
Test procedurei |
EPA HD-UDDS |
EPA HD-UDDS |
EPA HD-UDDS |
KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hydrocarbon; NOx =
nitrogen oxides; NMHC = nonmethane hydrocarbons; NMOG = nonmethane organic gas;
HCHO = formaldeyhyde.
a Smoke opacity is expressed in percentage for acceleration, lugging,
and peak modes (acceleration/lugging/peak). Lugging is when a vehicle is carrying
a load.
b Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) is the maximum design loaded
weight.
c Several testing procedures have been used during the course of
exhaust emissions control. A steady-state 9-mode test procedure (13-mode for
diesel) was used for 1970-83 standards. For 1984, either the steady-state tests
or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) transient test procedure could
be used. For diesels, the EPA transient test was required from 1985 to the present.
For gasoline-powered vehicles, either the EPA or the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers
Association (MVMA) transient test procedure could be used during 1985-86, and
the MVMA procedure was required thereafter.
d Emissions standards apply to the useful life of the vehicle. Useful
life was 5 years/50,000 miles through 1983 and became 8 years/110,000 miles
beginning in model year 1985. 1984 was a transitional year in which vehicles
could meet the older standard (and test procedure) or the newer one. Useful
life requirement for gasoline-powered trucks meeting NOx standards for 1998
and after is 10 years/110,000 miles. Starting in 2004, the useful life will
be 10 years/110,000 miles. The useful life requirements for heavy-duty diesel
truck standards are more complex and vary by vehicle weight, pollutant, test
procedure, and year. Consult the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations for further
information.
e No standard set.
f Although emissions standards for HC and CO were in effect for
these years, they were not measured in grams per brake horsepower-hour and are,
therefore, incompatible with the engine certification section of this table.
g Vehicles can meet a NMHC + NOx standard of 2.5 g/bhp-h,
given they meet a NMHC standard of no more than 0.5 g/bhp-h.
h Starting in 2005, complete gasoline heavy-duty vehicles of 14,000
lbs GVWR or below will have to be chassis certified.
i The manufacturer has the option of satisfying this standard by
measurement of nonmethane hydrocarbons or total hydrocarbons.
j The manufacturer has the option of satisfying this standard by
measurement of nonmethane organic gas or total hydrocarbons.
k This test procedure currently exists to test complete vehicles
that have been optionally chassis certified. However, chassis certification
is not required until 2005.
l Required for complete gasoline heavy-duty vehicles only.
NOTE
Tables 4-32a and 4-32b are identical for heavy-duty diesel engines.
SOURCES
40 CFR 86, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Internet site at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfrhtml 00/Title 40/40cfr86 00.html
as of Oct. 9, 2001.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality,
personal communication, October 2001.
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