Table 2-1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Transportation Fatalities by Mode,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,1960,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999, Air,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, U.S. air carriera,499,261,146,124,1,526,39,j50,33,1,239,168,380,8,1,12, Commuter carrierb,N,N,N,28,37,37,7,j77,21,24,25,9,14,46,0,12, On-demand air taxic,N,N,N,69,105,76,R51,R78,68,42,63,52,63,39,45,38, General aviationd,787,"1,029","1,310","1,252","1,239",956,R767,R786,857,736,730,734,632,R643,R624,631, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Highway,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Passenger car occupants,N,N,N,"25,929","27,449","23,212","24,092","22,385","21,387","21,566","21,997","22,423","22,505","22,199","R21,194","20,818", Motorcyclists,790,"1,650","2,280","3,189","5,144","4,564","3,244","2,806","2,395","2,449","2,320","2,227","2,161","2,116","R2,294","2,472", Truck occupantse,N,N,N,"5,817","8,748","7,666","9,306","9,052","8,683","9,116","9,574","10,216","10,553","10,972","R11,447","12,001", Bus occupants,N,N,N,53,46,57,32,31,28,18,18,33,21,18,R38,58, Pedestrians,"7,210","7,990","8,950","7,516","8,070","6,808","6,482","5,801","5,549","5,649","5,489","5,584","5,449","5,321","R5,228","4,906", Pedalcyclists,490,690,760,"1,003",965,890,859,843,723,816,802,833,765,814,R760,750, Otherf,"27,909","36,759","40,637","1,018",669,628,584,590,485,536,516,501,609,573,R540,606 Total highway,"36,399","47,089","52,627","44,525","51,091","43,825","44,599","41,508","39,250","40,150","40,716","41,817","k42,065","42,013","R41,501","41,611" ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Railroadg,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Highway-rail grade crossing,"1,421","1,610","1,440",917,833,582,698,608,579,626,615,579,488,461,431,402 Railroad,924,923,785,575,584,454,599,586,591,653,611,567,551,602,577,530 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Transith,N,N,N,N,N,N,339,300,273,281,320,274,264,275,286,299 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Waterbornei,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Vessel-related,N,N,178,243,206,131,85,30,96,110,69,46,50,46,59,44 Not related to vessel casualties,N,N,420,330,281,130,101,56,131,131,141,137,111,108,76,67 Recreational boating,739,"1,360","1,418","1,466","1,360","1,116",865,924,816,800,784,829,709,821,R815,734 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Pipeline,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Hazardous liquid pipeline,N,N,4,7,4,5,3,0,5,0,1,3,5,0,R2,4 Gas pipeline,N,N,26,8,15,28,6,14,10,17,21,18,48,10,17,17 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,17 TOTAL fatalitiesR,U,U,U,U,U,U,"47,348","44,307","42,059","42,838","43,589","44,563","44,808","44,472","43,876","43,866" "a Carriers operating under 14 CFR 121, all scheduled and nonscheduled service. Since Mar. 20, 1997, 14 CFR 121 include aircraft with 10 or more seats that formerly operated under 14 CFR 135. This change makes it difficult to compare pre 1997 data for 14 CFR 121 and 14 CFR 135 ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, with more recent data.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "b All scheduled service operating under 14 CFR 135 (commuter air carriers). Before Mar. 20, 1997, 14 CFR 135 applied to aircraft with 30 or fewer seats. Since Mar. 20, 1997, 14 CFR 135 includes only aircraft with fewer than 10 seats. This change makes it ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, difficult to compare pre 1997 data for 14 CFR 121 and 14 CFR 135 with more recent data.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, c Nonscheduled service operating under 14 CFR 135 (on-demand air taxis).,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, d All operations other than those operating under 14 CFR 121 and 14 CFR 135.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, e Includes light and large trucks.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "f Includes occupants of other vehicle types and other nonmotorists. For 1960-70, the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration did not break out fatality data to the same level of detail as in later years, so fatalities",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, " for those years also include occupants of passenger cars, trucks, and buses.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "g Includes Amtrak. Highway-rail grade crossing fatalities data for 1970 and before is not comparable with data after 1970 due to change in reporting system. Fatalities include those resulting from train accidents, train incidents, and nontrain incidents. Highway-rail grade crossing fatalities are counted under ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "highway, except train occupants.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "h Fatalities include those resulting from all reportable incidents, not just from accidents.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, i Vessel-related casualties include those involving damage to vessels such as collisions or groundings. Fatalties not related to vessel casualties include deaths from falling overboard or from accidents involving onboard equipment. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, j U.S. air carrier figure does not include 12 persons killed aboard a commuter aircraft when it and a US Air airliner collided; commuter air carrier figure does not include 22 persons killed aboard a US Air airliner when it and a commuter aircraft collided.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, k Includes 2 fatalities that have not been assigned to a specific vehicle type.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, NOTES: ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Numbers may not add to totals because some fatalities are counted in more than one mode. To avoid double counting, the following adjustments have been made: most (not all) highway-rail grade-crossing fatalities have not been added because most ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "(not all) such fatalities involve motor vehicles and, thus, are already included in highway fatalities; for transit, all commuter rail fatalities and motor-bus, trolley-bus, demand-responsive and van-pool fatalities arising from accidents have been subtracted ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, " because they are counted as railroad, highway, or highway-rail grade-crossing fatalities. The reader cannot reproduce the total fatalities in this table by simply leaving out the number of highway-rail grade-crossing fatalitites ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "in the sum and subtracting the above transit submodes, because in so doing, grade-crossing fatalities not involving motor vehicles would be left out (see table 2-35 on rail). An example of such a fatality is a bicyclist hit by a train at a grade crossing. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Caution must be exercised in comparing fatalities across modes because significantly different definitions are used. In particular, rail and transit fatalities include incident-related (as distinct from accident-related) fatalities, such as fatalities from falls in ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, transit stations or railroad employee fatalities from a fire in a workshed. Equivalent fatalities for the air and highway modes (fatalities at airports not caused by moving aircraft or fatalities from accidents in automobile repair shops) are not counted toward ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, " the totals for these modes. Thus, fatalities not necessarily directly related to in service transportation are counted for the transit and rail modes, potentially overstating the risk for these modes.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SOURCES:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Air:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960: National Transportation Safety Board, Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar Year 1967 (Washington, DC: December 1968).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1965-70: Ibid., Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar Year 1975, NTSB/ARC-77/1 (Washington, DC: January 1977). ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1975: Ibid., Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar Year 1983, NTSB/ARC-87/01 (Washington, DC: February 1987), table 18.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1980: Ibid., Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar Year 1981, NTSB/ARC-85/01 (Washington, DC: February 1985), tables 2 and 16.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1985-99: Ibid., Internet site www.ntsb.gov/aviation, table 5, as of April, 2000. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Commuter:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1975-80: National Transportation Safety Board, Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar Year 1980, NTSB/ARC-83/01 (Washington, DC: January 1983), tables 26 and 40. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1985-99: Ibid., Internet site www.ntsb.gov/aviation, table 9, as of April, 2000. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, On-demand air taxi:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1975-80: National Transportation Safety Board, Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. Air Carrier Operations, Calendar Year 1981, NTSB/ARC-85/01 (Washington, DC: February 1985), table 61.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1985-99: Ibid., Internet site www.ntsb.gov/aviation, table 9, as of April, 2000 (1999 data as preliminary).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, General aviation:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-70: National Transportation Safety Board, Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: U.S. General Aviation, Calendar Year 1970, NTSB/ARG-74/1 (Washington, DC: April 1974), table 117. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1975-80: Ibid., Annual Review of Aircraft Accident Data: General Aviation, Calendar Year 1985, NTSB/ARG-87/03 (Washington, DC: October 1987), table 21. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1985-99: Ibid., Internet site www.ntsb.gov/aviation, table 10, as of April, 2000. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Highway:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-65: Estimated by U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration from data supplied by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "National Center for Health Statistics, and individual state accident reports (adjusted to 30-day deaths). Fatalities data prior to 1975",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, have been adjusted to reflect the Fatality Analysis Reporting System's definition of a fatal crash as one that involves a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, motor vehicle on a trafficway that results in the death of a vehicle occupant or a nonmotorist within 30 days of the crash.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1970-97: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts 1997, DOT HS 808 806 (Washington, DC: November 1998), table 4.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1998-99: Ibid., Traffic Safety Facts 1998, DOT HS 808 983 (Washington, DC: October 1999), table 4, and personal communication, July 24, 2000; and National Center for Statistics and Analysis,",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Database, personal communication, Sept. 11, 2000.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rail:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Highway-rail grade crossing:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-70: National Safety Council, Accident Facts, 1974 (Washington, DC: 1974).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1975-80: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Policy and Program Development, personal communication.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1985-91: Ibid., Rail-Highway Crossing Accident/Incident and Inventory Bulletin (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table S.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1992-97: Ibid., Railroad Safety Statistics Annual Report 1997 (Washington, DC: September 1998), table 1-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1998: Ibid., Office of Safety, Internet site http://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety/Prelim/1998/r03.htm, as of July 23, 1999.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1999: Ibid., Office of Safety, Internet site http://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety/Prelim/1998/r01.htm, as of June 30, 2000.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Railroad:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-65: National Safety Council, Accident Facts, 1974 (Washington, DC: 1974).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1970-91: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Highway-Rail Crossing Accident/Incident and Inventory Bulletin (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table 7.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1992-97: Ibid., Railroad Safety Statistics Annual Report 1997 (Washington, DC: September 1998), table 1-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1998: Ibid., Office of Safety, Internet site http://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety/Prelim/1998/r03.htm, as of July 23, 1999.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1999: Ibid., Office of Safety, Internet site http://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety/Prelim/1998/r01.htm, as of June 30, 2000.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Transit:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1990-98: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, Safety Management Information Statistics 1998 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 42.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1999: Ibid., personal communication, Dec.6, 2000.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Water:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Vessel- and nonvessel-related:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1970-98: U.S. Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Investigations and Analysis, Compliance Analysis Division, (G-MOA-2), personal communication, Apr. 13, 1999. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Recreational boating:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1960-97: Ibid., Office of Boating Safety, Boating Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1998: Ibid., Personal communication, Oct. 4, 1999.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Hazarous liquid and gas pipeline:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "1970-99: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of Pipeline Safety, ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "personal communication and Internet site http://ops.dot.gov as of June 28, 2000.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,