Table 1-48,,,,,,,,,
Growth of Freight Activity in the United States:,,,,,,,,,
Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,
,Value,,,Tons,,,,Ton-Miles,
,1997,1993,Percent,1997,1993,Percent,1997,1993,Percent
Mode of Transportation,(billion $ 1997),(billion $ 1997),change,(millions),(millions),change,(billions),(billions),change
,,,,,,,,,

All modes,"6,944.0","6,360.8",9.2,"11,089.7","9,688.5",14.5,"2,661.4","2,420.9",9.9
,,,,,,,,,
Single Modes,"5,719.6","5,376.3",6.4,"10,436.5","8,922.3",17.0,"2,383.5","2,136.9",11.5
Trucka,"4,981.5","4,791.0",4.0,"7,700.7","6,385.9",20.6,"1,023.5",869.5,17.7
  For-hire truck,"2,901.3","2,856.1",1.6,"3,402.6","2,808.3",21.2,741.1,629.0,17.8
  Private truckb,"2,036.5","1,910.4",6.6,"4,137.3","3,543.5",16.8,268.6,235.9,13.9
Rail,319.6,269.2,18.7,"1,549.8","1,544.1",0.4,"1,022.5",942.6,8.5
Water,75.8,67.1,13.1,563.4,505.4,11.5,261.7,272.0,-3.8
Shallow draft,53.9,44.3,21.7,414.8,362.5,14.4,189.3,164.4,15.2
  Great Lakes,1.5,1.3,15.4,38.4,33.0,16.4,13.4,12.4,8.2
  Deep draft,20.4,21.5,-4.9,110.2,109.9,0.2,59.0,95.2,-38.0
Air (includes truck and air),229.1,151.3,51.4,4.5,3.1,42.6,6.2,4.0,55.5
Pipelinec,113.5,97.8,16.1,618.2,483.6,27.8,S,S,S
,,,,,,,,,
Multiple Modes,945.9,720.9,31.2,216.7,225.7,-4.0,204.5,191.5,6.8
"Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier",855.9,612.8,39.7,23.7,18.9,25.4,18.0,13.2,36.8
Truck and rail,75.7,90.4,-16.3,54.2,40.6,33.5,55.6,37.7,47.5
Truck and water,8.2,10.2,-19.4,33.2,68.0,-51.2,34.8,40.6,-14.4
Rail and water,1.8,4.0,-55.2,79.3,79.2,0.1,77.6,70.2,10.5
Other multiple modes,4.3,3.5,22.0,26.2,18.9,38.6,18.6,S,S

Other/unknown modes,278.6,263.6,5.7,436.5,540.5,-19.2,73.4,92.6,-20.7

All modes,"6,944.0","6,360.8",9.2,"11,089.7","9,688.5",14.5,"2,661.4","2,420.9",9.9

"a Truck as a single mode includes shipments that went by private truck only, for-hire truck only, or a combination of both.",,,,,,,,,
b Private truck refers to a truck operated by a temporary or permanent employee of an establishment or the,,,,,,,,,
buyer/receiver of the shipment.,,,,,,,,,
c Excludes most shipments of crude oil.,,,,,,,,,

NOTE:  Numbers and percents may not add to totals due to rounding.,,,,,,,,,

Key:  S = Data are not published because of high sampling variability or other reasons.,,,,,,,,,

"SOURCE:  U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Department of Commerce,",,,,,,,,,
"Census Bureau 1997 Economic Census,Transportation, 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (Washington, DC:  December 1999), table 1b;",,,,,,,,,
the Bureau of Transportation Statistics converted the value of 1993 commodities from 1993 current dollars to,,,,,,,,,
1997 constant dollars using Bureau of Economic Analysis' chain-type price deflators. ,,,,,,,,,