Table A: Social and Economic Characteristics of the United States

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KEY: NA = not applicable; R = revised; U = data are not available.

^a Estimates as of July 1 except 1980, 1990, and 2000, which are as of April 1.

^b New metropolitan area definitions were published by the Office of Budget and Management (OMB) in 2003. These definitions were applied to population data by the Census Bureau beginning with the data from the 2000 Census. A new term, core based statistical areas (CBSAs), collectively refers to metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. A metropolitan statistical area is defined as having at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. A micropolitan statistical area is defined as having at least one urban cluster of more than 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhabitants.

^c As of April 1 of year indicated. The Census Bureau only tabulates urban / rural numbers for the decennial census years.

^d Fiscal year ending September 30.

^e The Census Bureau calculates square mileage comprising land and water area for the decennial census years. Data for 1980 comprises land and inland water. Data for 1990 comprises land, Great Lakes, inland water, and coastal water. Data for 2000 comprises land, Great Lakes, inland water, territorial water, and coastal water.

^f Sums of chained-dollar estimates for individual industries do not add to national totals because the chain-type indices used to derive them are based on weights of more than one period. Values are calculated to 2005 dollars by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, using Chain-type Price Indexes for Value Added by Industry.

^g Converted to constant 2005 dollars by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics using the CPI-U-RS price index.

^h Numbers prior to 1999 are estimated to the nearest million.

SOURCES

U.S. resident population:

1980: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005 (Washington, DC: 2004), table 11, Internet site http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract.html as of Feb. 2, 2005.

1985: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 15.

1990-99: Ibid., National Intercensal Estimates of the United States Resident Population by Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL/US-EST90INT-datasets.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.

2000-06: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2008 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 7.

Age:

1980: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005 (Washington, DC: 2004), table 11, Internet site http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract.html as of Feb. 8, 2005.

1985: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 12.

1990-99: Ibid., National Intercensal Estimates of the United States Resident Population by Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL/US-EST90INT-datasets.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.

2000-06: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2008 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 7.

Sex:

1980: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005 (Washington, DC: 2004), table 11, Internet site http://www.census.gov/prod/www/statistical-abstract-04.html as of Feb. 2, 2005.

1985: Ibid., Historical Annual Time Series of State Population Estimates and Demographic Components of Change 1980 to 1990, by Single Year of Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/1980s/80s_st_age_sex.html as of Feb. 2, 2005.

1990-99: Ibid., National Intercensal Estimates of the United States Resident Population by Age and Sex (Washington, DC: 2004), Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/EST90INTERCENSAL/US-EST90INT-datasets.html as of Feb. 2, 2006.

2000-06: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2008 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 7 and similar tables in previous editions.

Metropolitan areas:

1980-90, 1998: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 32.

2000-06: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, table 1, Internet site: http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/CBSA-est2007-annual.html as of Apr. 9, 2008.

Micropolitan areas:

2000-06: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, table 1, Internet site: http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/CBSA-est2007-annual.html as of Apr. 9, 2008.

Rural / urban:

1980-90: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2000 (Washington, DC: 2001), table 37.

2000-06: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 2008 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 29.

Regions:

1985: Ibid., Statistical Abstract of the United States 1995 (Washington, DC: 1996), table 27.

1995-99: Ibid., Time Series of Intercensal Estimates (Washington DC: 2004), http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/2000s/vintage_2001/CO-EST2001-12/ as of Feb. 2, 2005.

2000-06: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, National and State Population Estimates, table 1, Internet site http://www.census.gov/popest/states/NST-ann-est.html as of Apr. 9, 2008.

Immigrants:

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 1, Internet site http://www.dhs.gov/ximgtn/statistics/ as of Apr. 9, 2008.

Total area:

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2002 (Washington, DC:2003), table 1.

Gross domestic product:

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Industry Economic Accounts, Annual Industry Accounts, Internet site http://www.bea.gov/industry/gpotables/gpo_list.cfm?anon=66559&registered=0 as of Apr. 10, 2008.

Civilian labor force:

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (Washington, DC: 2006), table 2, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm as of Feb. 23, 2006.

Participation rates:

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Table 2, Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population 16 years and Over by Sex, 1971 to Date, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat2.pdf as of Jan. 18, 2006.

Number of households:

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, Table HH-6, Average Populaton Per Household and Family: 1940 to Present, Internet site http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html#ht as of Apr. 9, 2008.

Average size of households:

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, Table HH-6, Average Populaton Per Household and Family: 1940 to Present, Internet site http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html#ht as of Apr. 9, 2008.

Median household income:

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Historical Income Tables, Table H-1, Internet site: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/histinc/h01ar.html as of Apr. 10, 2008.

Average household expenditures:

U.S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, Average Annual Expenditures, All Consumer Units, Internet site http://www.bls.gov/data/home.htm as of Apr. 10 2008.