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Table 4-29: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured
Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Vehiclesa,b (Grams per mile)
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| 11 |
g |
2.2 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
(h) |
h |
h |
h |
h |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
0.25 |
(0.31) |
h |
h |
h |
h |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
0.125 |
(0.156) |
0.100 |
(0.125) |
| 80 |
g |
23 |
39 |
39 |
15 |
15 |
7.0 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
(4.2) |
3.4 |
(4.2) |
3.4 |
(4.2) |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
10 |
(h) |
10 |
(h) |
10 |
(h) |
| 4 |
h |
h |
h |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.4 |
(0.6) |
0.4 |
(0.6) |
0.14 |
(0.20) |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
0.08 |
(0.10) |
0.08 |
(0.08) |
0.02 |
(0.02) |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
0.015 |
(0.018) |
0.015 |
(0.018) |
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| 11 |
h |
h |
h |
h |
1.5 |
1.5 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
0.41 |
(h) |
h |
h |
h |
h |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
0.25 |
(0.31) |
h |
h |
h |
h |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
(0.156) |
0.100 |
(0.125) |
| 80 |
h |
h |
h |
h |
15 |
15 |
7.0 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
(4.2) |
h |
(4.2) |
3.4 |
(4.2) |
| 4 |
h |
h |
h |
h |
3.1 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
(1.25) |
h |
(0.6) |
0.14 |
(0.20) |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
0.60 |
0.20 |
0.08 |
(0.10) |
h |
(0.10) |
0.02 |
(0.02) |
| e |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
(0.018) |
0.015 |
(0.018) |
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7-mode |
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CVS-72 |
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CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
| |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
h |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
| |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
10 years/100,000 miles |
10 years/100,000 miles |
10 years/100,000 miles |
10 years/100,000 miles |
10 years/120,000 miles |
10 years/120,000 miles |
KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; CVS = constant volume sampler; HC = hydrocarbons;
NMHC = non-methane hydrocarbons; NMOG = nonmethane organic gases; NOx = nitrogen
oxides.
a The test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions has changed
several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulations. The 7-mode procedure
was used through model year 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72 procedure beginning
in model year 1972. The CVS-75 procedure became the test procedure as of model
year 1975. While it may appear that the total HC and CO standards were relaxed
in 1972-74, these standards were actually more stringent due to the more stringent
nature of the CVS-72 test procedure. Additional standards for CO and composite
standards for NMHC and NOx tested under the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure
will be phased-in beginning with model year 2000; these standards are not shown
in this table.
b All emissions standards must be met for a useful life of 5 years/50,000
miles. Beginning with model year 1994, a second set of emissions standards must
also be met for a full useful life of 10 years/100,000 miles; these standards
are shown in parentheses. Tier 1 exhaust standards were phased-in during 1994-96
at a rate of 40%, 80%, and 100%, respectively.
c The cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20 0F
(rather than 75 0F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile useful
life.
d The "Prior to control" column reports emissions estimates
of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions certification
standards were implemented.
e No estimate available.
f Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life
of 15 years/150,000 miles and have either 1) intermediate useful life standards
waived or 2) receive additional NOx credits.
g In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued in parts per
million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible with this
table.
h No standard has been set.
I The term "tier" refers to a level of standards and is
associated with specific years. Interim Tier 2 refers to an intermediate level
of standards that move manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards.
Interim Tier 2 and Tier 2 standards are established as "bins." Each
bin is a set of standards for NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulate matter;
HC and NMHC standards are dropped for Tier 2 and Interim Tier 2. Manufacturers
may certify any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle
class as long as the resulting sales-weight corporate average NOx standard is
met for the full useful life of the vehicle. The Tier 2 corporate average NOx
standard is 0.07 grams/mile. Interim corporate-based average NOx standards are
based on vehicle type. The interim sales-weighted average for light-duty vehicles
(LDVs) is 9.3 grams/mile. For LDVs, Tier 2 standards will be phased in at a
rate of 25% in 2004, 50% in 2005, 75% in 2006, and 100% in 2007. During this
period, all LDVs not meeting the Tier 2 standards must meet Interim Tier 2 standards.
SOURCES
40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 2000).
Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 28, pp. 6851-6858.
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