References

Abikoff, H. (1985). Efficacy of cognitive training interventions in hyperactive children: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 5, 479–512.

Abramowitz, A. J., Eckstrand, D., O’Leary, S. G., & Dulcan, M. K. (1992). ADHD children’s responses to stimulant medication and two intensities of a behavioral intervention. Behavior Modification, 16, 193–203.

Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.

Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual of child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.

Akiskal, H. S. (1983). Dysthymic disorder: Psychopathology of proposed chronic depressive subtypes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 11–20.

Alexander, J. F., & Parsons, B. V. (1973). Short-term behavioral intervention with delinquent families: Impact on family process and recidivism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81, 219–225.

Allgood-Merten, B., Lewinsohn, P. A., & Hops, H. (1990). Sex differences and adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 55–63.

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1991). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 1–3.

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1998). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. AACAP. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 63S–83S.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Children with Disabilities and Committee on Drugs. (1996). Medication for children with attentional disorders. Pediatrics, 98, 301–304.

American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.–rev.). Washington, DC: Author

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author

Anderson, J. C., & McGee, R. (1994). Comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents. In W. M. Reynolds & H. F. Johnson (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 581–601). New York: Plenum.

Anderson, J. C., Williams, S. C., McGee, R., & Silva, P. A. (1987). DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children: Prevalence in a large sample from the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 69–76.

Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (1993). Depressive comorbidity in children and adolescents: Empirical, theoretical, and methodological issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1779–1791.

Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (1998). Stimulant treatment for children: A community perspective. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Apsler, R., & Hodas, M. (1976). Evaluating hotlines with simulated calls. Crisis Intervention, 6, 14–21.

Armbruster, P., & Fallon, T. (1994). Clinical, sociodemographic, and systems risk factors for attrition in a children’s mental health clinic. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 577–585.

Aronson, M., Hagberg, B., & Gillberg, C. (1997). Attention deficits and autistic spectrum problems in children exposed to alcohol during gestation: A follow-up study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 39, 583–587.

Asarnow, J. R., Tompson, M., Hamilton, E. B., Goldstein, M. J., & Guthrie, D. (1994). Family-expressed emotion, childhood-onset depression, and childhood-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Is expressed emotion a nonspecific correlate of child psychopathology or a specific risk factor for depression? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 129–146.

Attkisson, C. C., Dresser, K. L., & Rosenblatt, A. (1995). Service systems for youth with severe emotional disorders: System-of-care research in California. In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), Children’s mental health services: Research, policy, and evaluation (pp. 236–280). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Attkisson, C. C., Rosenblatt, A., Dresser, K. L., Baize, H. R., Clausen, J. M., & Lind, S. L. (1997). Effectiveness of the California system of care model for children and youth with severe emotional disorder. In C. T. Nixon & C. A. Northrup (Eds.), Evaluating mental health services: How do programs for children “work” in the real world? (pp. 146–208). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Baenen, R. S., Stephens, M. A., & Glenwick, D. S. (1986). Outcome in psychoeducational day school programs: A review. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56, 263–270.

Baer, R. A., & Nietzel, M. T. (1991). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of impulsivity in children: A meta-analytic review of the outcome literature. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 400–412.

Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995). Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: Evidence from a British twin study. Psychological Medicine, 25, 63–77.

Bandura A. (1971). Psychological modeling: Conflicting theories. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Barker, P. (1982). Residential treatment for disturbed children: Its place in the ’80s. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 27, 634–639.

Barker, P. (1998). The future of residential treatment for children. In C. Schaefer & A. Swanson (Eds.), Children in residential care: Critical issues in treatment. (pp. 1–16). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

Barkley, R. A. (1998). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Barkley, R. A., Karlsson, J., Pollard, S., & Murphy, J. V. (1985). Developmental changes in the mother-child interactions of hyperactive boys: Effects of two dose levels of Ritalin. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 26, 705–715.

Barnett, W. W. (1995). Long-term effects of early childhood programs on cognitive and school outcomes. The Future of Children, 5(3), 25–50.

Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1996). Family treatment of childhood anxiety: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 333–342.

Beck, A. T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Institute Quarterly, 1, 5–37.

Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. E., & Erbaugh, J. K. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.

Becker, A. E., Grinspoon, S. K., Klibanski, A., & Herzog, D. B. (1999). Eating disorders. New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 1092–1098.

Behar, L. B. (1997). The Fort Bragg evaluation: A snapshot in time. American Psychologist, 52, 557–559.

Belsky, J., & Rovine, M. (1987). Temperament and attachment security in the strange situation: An empirical approachment. Child Development, 58, 787–795.

Bentelspacher, C. E., Chitran, S., & Rahman, M. A. (1994). Coping and adaptation patterns among Chinese, Indian, and Malay families caring for a mentally ill relative. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 75, 287–297.

Bernal, M. E., Klinnert, M. D., & Schultz, L. A. (1980). Outcome evaluation of behavioral parent training and client-centered parent counseling for children with conduct problems. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 677–691.

Bernstein, G. A., Borchardt, C., Perwein, A., Crosby, R., Kushner, M., & Thuras, P. (1998, October). Treatment of school refusal with imipramine. Poster session presented at the 45th annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Anaheim, CA.

Berrento-Clement, J. R., Schweinhart, L. J., Barnett, W. S., Epstein, A. S., & Weikart, D. P. (1984). Changed lives: The effects of the Perry Preschool Program on youths through age 19. Ypsilanti, MI: The High/Scope Press.

Bickman, L. (1996a). Implications of a children’s mental health managed care demonstration project. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23, 107–117.

Bickman, L. (1996b). Reinterpreting the Fort Braggg evaluation findings: The message does not change. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 23, 137–145.

Bickman, L., Guthrie, P. R., & Foster, E. M. (1995). Evaluating managed mental health care: The Fort Bragg experiment. New York: Plenum.

Bickman, L., Heflinger, C. A., Northrup, D., Sonnichsen, S., & Schilling, S. (1998). Long term outcomes to family caregiver empowerment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 269–282.

Bickman, L., Noser, K., & Summerfelt, W. T. (1999). Long-term effects of a system of care on children and adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 26, 185–202.

Bickman, L., Summerfelt, W. T., & Noser, K. (1997). Comparative outcomes of emotionally disturbed children and adolescents in a system of services and usual care. Psychiatric Services, 48, 1543–1548.

Bidell, T. R., & Fischer, K. W. (1992). Beyond the stage debate: Action, structure, and variability in Piagetian theory and research. In R. Sternberg & C. Berg (Eds.), Intellectual development (pp. 100–141). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Mick, E., & Lelon, E. (1995). Psychiatric comorbidity among referred juveniles with major depression: Fact or artifact? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 579–590.

Biederman, J., Rosenbaum, J., Bolduc-Murphy, E., Faraone, S., Chaloff, J., Hirshfeld, D., & Kagan, J. (1993). A three-year follow-up of children with and without behavioral inhibition. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 814–821.

Birckmayer, J., & Hemenway, D. (1999). Minimum-age drinking laws and youth suicide, 1970–1990. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1365–1368.

Bird, H. R., Canino, G., Rubio-Stipec, M., Gould, M. S., Ribera, J., Sesman, M., Woodbury, M., Huertas-Goldman, S., Pagan, A., Sanchez-Lacay, A., & Moscoso, M. (1988). Estimates of the prevalence of childhood maladjustment in a community survey in Puerto Rico. The use of combined measures. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 1120–1126.

Birkel, R. C., & Reppucci, N. D. (1983). Social networks, information-seeking, and the utilization of services. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 185–205.

Birmaher, B., Ryan, N. D., Williamson, D. E., Brent, D. A., & Kaufman, J. (1996a). Childhood and adolescent depression: A review of the past 10 years. Part II. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1575–1583.

Birmaher, B., Ryan, N. D., Williamson, D. E., Brent, D. A., Kaufman, J., Dahl, R. E., Perel, J., & Nelson, B. (1996b). Childhood and adolescent depression: A review of the past 10 years. Part I. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1427–1439.

Black, B., Leonard, H. L., & Rapoport, J. L. (1997). Specific phobia, panic disorder, social phobia, and selective mutism. In J. M. Weiner (Ed.), Textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 491–506). Washington, DC: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, American Psychiatric Press.

Blackman, M., Eustace, J., & Chowdhury, T. (1991). Adolescent residential treatment: A one to three year follow-up. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 472–479.

Bleach, B., & Clairborn, W. L. (1974). Initial evaluation of hot-line telephone crisis centers. Community Mental Health Journal, 10, 387–394.

Bogart, N. (1988). A comparative study of behavioral adjustment between therapeutic and regular foster care in the treatment of child abuse and neglect. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Memphis State University, Memphis, TN.

Boothroyd, R. A., Evans, M. E., & Armstrong, M. I. (1995). Findings from the New York State home based crisis intervention program. In C. J. Liberton, K. K. Kutash, & R. M. Friedman (Eds.), The 7th annual research conference proceedings, a system of care for children’s mental health: Expanding the research base (pp. 25–30). Tampa FL: University of South Florida, Florida Mental Health Institute, Research and Training Center for Children’s Mental Health.

Boothroyd, R. A., Kuppinger, A. D., Evans, M. E., Armstrong, M. I., & Radigan, M. (1998). Understanding respite care use by families of children receiving short-term, in-home psychiatric emergency services. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 353–376.

Borduin, C. M., Henggeler, S. W., Blaske, D. M., & Stein, R. (1990). Multisystemic treatment of adolescent sexual offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 35, 105–114.

Borduin, C. M., Mann, B. J., Cone, L. T., Henggeler, S. W., Fucci, B. R., Blaske, D. M., & Williams, R. A. (1995). Multisystemic treatment of serious juvenile offenders: Long-term prevention of criminality and violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 569–578.

Botvin, G. J., Baker, E., Dusenbury, L., Botvin, E. M., & Diaz, T. (1995). Long-term follow-up results of a randomized drug abuse prevention trial in a white middle-class population. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 1106–1112.

Bowlby, J. (1951). Maternal care and mental health. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1: Attachment. London: Hogarth Press.

Bowlby, J. (1988). Developmental psychiatry comes of age. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1–10.

Boyd, J. H. (1983). The increasing rate of suicide by firearms. New England Journal of Medicine, 308, 872–874.

Boyd, J. H., & Moscicki, E. K. (1986). Firearms and youth suicide. American Journal of Public Health, 76, 1240–1242.

Bradley, W. (1937). The behavior of children receiving benzedrine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 94, 577–585.

Brent, D. A., Holder, D., Kolko, D., Birmaher, B., Baugher, M., Roth, C., Iyengar, S., & Johnson, B. A. (1997). A clinical psychotherapy trial for adolescent depression comparing cognitive, family, and supportive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 877–885.

Brent, D. A., Moritz, G., Bridge, J., Perper, J., & Canobbio, R., (1996). Long-term impact of exposure to suicide: A three-year controlled follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 646–653.

Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., & Allman, C. J. (1987). Alcohol, firearms, and suicide among youth. Temporal trends in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 1960 to 1983. Journal of the American Medical Association, 257, 3369–3372.

Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Allman, C. J., Moritz, G. M., Wartella, M. E., & Zelenak, J. P. (1991). The presence and accessibility of firearms in the homes of adolescent suicides. A case-control study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 266, 2989–2995.

Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Goldstein, C. E., Kolko, D. J., Allan, M. J., Allman, C. J., & Zelenak, J. P. (1988). Risk factors for adolescent suicide. A comparison of adolescent suicide victims with suicidal inpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 581–588.

Brent, D. A., Perper, J., Moritz, G., Allman, C., Friend, A., Schweers, J., Roth, C., Balach, L., & Harrington, K. (1992). Psychiatric effects of exposure to suicide among the friends and acquaintances of adolescent suicide victims. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 629–639.

Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Moritz, G., Liotus, L., Schweers, J., Balach, L., & Roth, C. (1994). Familial risk factors for adolescent suicide: A case-control study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, 52–58.

Brestan, E. V., & Eyberg, S. M. (1998). Effective psychosocial treatments of conduct-disordered children and adolescents: 29 years, 82 studies, and 5,272 kids. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 180–189.

Bridgeman, D. L. (1981). Enhanced role-taking through cooperative interdependence: A field study. Child Development, 51, 1231–1238.

Briggs, H., Koroloff, N., & Carrock, S. (1994). The driving force: The influence of statewide family networks on family support and systems of care. Statewide family advocacy organization demonstration project (Final Report 10/90–9/93). Portland, OR: Portland State University, Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children’s Mental Health.

Briones, D. F., Heller, P. L., Chalfant, H. P., Roberts, A. E., Aguirre-Hauchbaum, S. F., & Farr, W. F., Jr. (1990). Socioeconomic status, ethnicity, psychological distress, and readiness to utilize a mental health facility. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1333–1340.

Brooks-Gunn, J., McCarton, C. M., Casey, P. H., McCormick, M. C., Bauer, C. R., Bernbaum, J. C., Tyson, J., Swanson, M., Bennett, F. C., Scott, D. T., Tonascia, J., & Meinert, C. L. (1994a). Early intervention in low-birth-weight premature infants. Results through age 5 years from the Infant Health and Development Program. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 1257–1262.

Brooks-Gunn, J., McCormick, M. C., Shapiro, S., Benasich, A., & Black, G. W. (1994b). The effects of early education intervention on maternal employment, public assistance, and health insurance: The infant health and development program. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 924–931.

Broskowski, A., & Harshberger, D. (1998). Predicting costs when working with the Medicaid population. In K. Coughlin (Ed.), Medicaid managed care sourcebook (pp. 215–224). New York: Faulkner & Gray.

Brown, J. (1987). A review of meta-analyses conducted on psychotherapy outcome research. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 1–23.

Bruner, J. S. (1971). The relevance of education. New York: Norton.

Brunk, M., Henggeler, S. W., & Whelan, J. P. (1987). Comparison of multisystemic therapy and parent training in the brief treatment of child abuse and neglect. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 171–178.

Bruns, E. J., Burchard, J. D., & Yoe, J. T. (1995). Evaluating the Vermont system of care: Outcomes associated with community-based wraparound services. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 4, 321–329.

Bryson, S. E., & Smith, I. M. (1998). Epidemiology of autism: Prevalence, associated characteristics, and service delivery. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 4, 97–103.

Bui, K. V., & Takeuchi, D. T. (1992). Ethnic minority adolescents and the use of community mental health care services. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 403–417.

Burns, B. J. (1991). Mental health service use by adolescents in the 1970s and 1980s. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 144–150.

Burns, B. J., Costello, E. J., Angold, A., Tweed, D., Stangl, D., Farmer, E. M., & Erkanli, A. (1995a). Children’s mental health service use across service sectors. Health Affairs (Millwood), 14, 147–159.

Burns, B. J., Farmer, E. M. Z., Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Behar, L. (1996). A randomized trial of case management for youths with serious emotional disturbance. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 476–486.

Burns, B. J., & Goldman, S. K. (Eds.). (1999). Promising practices in wraparound for children with severe emotional disturbance and their families. Systems of care: Promising practices in children’s mental health (1998 Series, Vol. IV). Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services.

Burns, B. J., Hoagwood, K. & Maultsby, L. T. (1998). Improving outcomes for children and adolescents with serious emotional and behavioral disorders: Current and future directions. In M. H. Epstein, K. Kutash, & A. J. Duchnowski (Eds.), Outcomes for children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders and their families: Programs and evaluation best practices (pp. 686–707). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

Bussing, R., Zima, B., & Forness, S. R. (1998a). Children who qualify for LD and SED programs: Do they differ in level of ADHD symptoms and comorbid psychiatric conditions? Behavioral Disorders, 23, 85–97.

Bussing, R., Zima, B. T., Perwien, A. R., Belin, T. R., & Widawski, M. (1998b). Children in special education programs: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, use of services, and unmet needs. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 880–886.

Campbell, F. A., & Ramey, C. T. (1994). Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement: A follow-up study of children from low-income families. Child Development, 65, 684–698.

Campbell, M., Adams, P. B., Small, A. M., Kafantaris, V., Silva, R. R., Shell, J., Perry, R., & Overall, J. E. (1995). Lithium in hospitalized aggressive children with conduct disorder: A double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 445–453.

Campbell, M., Armenteros, J. L., Malone, R. P., Adams, P. B., Eisenberg, Z. W., & Overall, J. E. (1997). Neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in autistic children: A prospective, longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 835–843.

Campbell, M., & Cueva, J. E. (1995). Psychopharmacology in child and adolescent psychiatry: A review of the past seven years. Part II. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1262–1272.

Campbell, M., Rapoport, J. L., & Simpson, G. M. (1999). Antipsychotics in children and adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 537–545.

Campos, J., Barrett, K. C., & Lamb, M. E. (1983). Socio-emotional development. In M. Haith & J. Campos (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed., pp. 139). New York: Wiley.

Canino, I. A., Gould, M. S., Prupis, S., & Shaffer, D. (1986). A comparison of symptoms and diagnoses in Hispanic and black children in an outpatient mental health clinic. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 254–259.

Cantwell, D. P. (1996). Attention deficit disorder: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 978–987.

Cantwell, D. P. (1998). ADHD through the life span: The role of bupropion in treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl. 4), 92–94.

Carlson, C. L., Pelham, W. E., Jr., Milich, R., & Dixon, J. (1992). Single and combined effects of methylphenidate and behavior therapy on the classroom performance of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 213–232.

Carlson, E. A., Jacobvitz, D., & Sroufe, L. A. (1995). A developmental investigation of inattentiveness and hyperactivity. Child Development, 66, 37–54.

Carlsten, A., Allebeck, P., & Brandt, L. (1996). Are suicide rates in Sweden associated with changes in the prescribing of medicines? Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica, 94, 94–100.

Casey, P. H., Kelleher, K. J., Bradley, R. H., Kellogg, K. W., Kirby, R. S., & Whiteside, L. (1994). A multifaceted intervention for infants with failure to thrive. A prospective study. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 148, 1071–1077.

Casey, R. J., & Berman, J. S. (1985). The outcome of psychotherapy with children. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 388–400.

Catron, T., & Weiss, B. (1994). The Vanderbilt school-based counseling program. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 2, 247–253.

Cauce, A. M., Morgan, C. J., Wagner, V., Moore, E., Sy, J., Wurzbacher, K., Weeden K., Tomlin, S., & Blanchard, T. (1994). Effectiveness of intensive case management for homeless adolescents: Results of a three month follow-up. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 2, 219–227.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 1997. CDC Surveillance Summaries, August 14, 1998. MMWR, 47 (No. SS-3).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). Suicide deaths and rates per 100,000 [On-line]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/ data/us9794/suic.htm

Chamberlain, P., & Reid, J. B. (1991). Using a specialized foster care community treatment model for children and adolescents leaving the state mental hospital. Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 266–276.

Chamberlain, P., & Reid, J. B. (1998). Comparison of two community alternatives to incarceration for chronic juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 624–633.

Chamberlain, P., & Weinrott, M. (1990). Specialized foster care: Treating seriously emotionally disturbed children. Child Today, 19, 24–27.

Chess, S., Fernandez, P., & Korn, S. (1978). Behavioral consequences of congenital rubella. Journal of Pediatrics, 93, 699–703.

Chess, S., & Thomas, A. (1984). Origins and evolution of behavior disorders: From infancy to early adult life. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of a theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Chomsky, N. (1975). Reflections on language. New York: Pantheon Books.

Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of language: Its nature, origins, and use. New York: Praeger.

Cicchetti, D., & Carlson, V. (Eds.). (1989). Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Cicchetti, D., & Cohen, D. J. (1995). Developmental psychopathology. New York: John Wiley.

Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (1998). The development of depression in children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 53, 221–241.

Clark, D. C., & Goebel, A. E. (1996). Siblings of youth suicide victims. In C. Pfeffer (Ed.), Severe stress and mental disturbance in children (pp. 361–389). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Clark, H. B., Prange, M. E., Lee, B., Boyd, L. A., McDonald, B. A., & Stewart, E. S. (1994). Improving adjustment outcomes for foster children with emotional and behavioral disorders: Early findings from a controlled study on individualized services. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 2, 207–218.

Clark, H.B., Prange, M., Lee, B., Stewart, E., McDonald, B., & Boyd, L. (1998). An individualized wraparound process for children with emotional/behavioral disturbances: Follow-up findings and implications from a controlled study. In M. H. Epstein, K. Kutash, & A. J. Duchnowski (Eds.), Outcomes for children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders and their families: Programs and evaluation best practices (pp. 686–707). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

Clarke, G. N., Hops, H., Lewinsohn, P. M., Andrews, J., Seeley, J. R., & Williams, J. (1992). Cognitive-behavioral group treatment of adolescent depression: Prediction of outcome. Behavior Therapy, 23, 341–354.

Claussen, J. M., Landsverk, J., Ganger, W., Chadwick, D., & Litronik, A. (1998). Mental health problems of children in foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 283–296.

Clein, P. D., & Riddle, M. A. (1996). Pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents. In M. Lewis (Ed.), Child and adolescent psychiatry: A comprehensive textbook (2nd ed., pp. 765–772). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

Cohen, R., Harris, R., Gottlieb, S., & Best, A. M. (1991). States’ use of transfer of custody as a requirement for providing services to emotionally disturbed children. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 42, 526–530.

Cohen, R., Parmelee, D. X., Irwin, L., Weisz, J. R., Howard, P., Purcell, P., & Best, A. M. (1990). Characteristics of children and adolescents in a psychiatric hospital and a corrections facility. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 909–913.

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.

Cohn, J. F., Matias, R., Tronick, E. Z., Connell, D., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (1986). Face-to-face interactions of depressed mothers and their infants. New Directions for Child Development, 34, 31–45.

Coie, J. D., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (1983). A behavioral analysis of emerging social status in boys’ groups. Child Development, 54, 1400–1416.

Coker, C. C., Menz, F. E., Johnson, L. A., & McAlees, D. C. (1998). School Outcomes and Community Benefits for Minority Youth with Serious Disturbances: A Synthesis of the Research Literature. Menomonie, WI: University of Wisconsin-Stout, The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center.