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Computer-Based Guidelines for Concrete Pavements Volume I-Project Summary

February 2005

Publication No. FHWA-HRT-04-121

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Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center
63000 Georgetown Pike
McLean, VA 22101-2296

FOREWORD

This report documents the investigation, modeling and validation of the enhanced High PERformance PAVing (HIPEPAV®) II, a comprehensive, yet user-friendly software package. HIPERPAV II primarily incorporates a set of guidelines for the proper selection of design and construction variables to minimize early-age damage to Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) and Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP). In addition, the software determines the effect of early-age behavior factors on JPCP long-term performance. This report, Volume I of a three-volume set, is the Project Summary documenting the efforts undertaken for the development of the guidelines. Volume II is the Construction and Design Guidelines HIPERPAV II User's Manual, which provides general instruction on the use and application of the HIPERPAV II. Volume III is the Technical Appendixes, which documents the investigation, modeling and validation of the HIPEPAV II. HIPERPAV II software program will be available on a CD, or will be downloadable from FHWA Web site http://www.tfhrc.gov/pavement/pccp/hipemain.htm.

This report will be of interest to those involved in concrete pavement mix design, as well as the design and construction of concrete pavements. Sufficient copies of this report and CD software program are being distributed to provide two copies to each FHWA Resource Center, two copies to each FHWA Division Office, and a minimum of four copies to each State highway agency. Additional copies for the public are available from the National Technical Information Services (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.

Paul Teng, Director
Office of Infrastructure Research and Development

Notice

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.

The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.

Quality Assurance Statement

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.

1. Report No. FHWA-RD-04-121 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Computer-Based Guidelines for Concrete Pavements Volume I—Project Summary		 5. Report Date
February 2005
6. Performing Organization Code
N/A
7. Author(s)
J. Mauricio Ruiz, Robert O. Rasmussen, George K. Chang, Jason C. Dick, Patricia K. Nelson, Ted R. Ferragut		 8. Performing Organization Report No.
N/A
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
The Transtec Group, Inc.
1012 East 38 ½ Street
Austin, TX 78751
10. Work Unit No.
N/A

11. Contract or Grant No.
DTFH61-00-C-00121
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
Office of Infrastructure Research and Development
Federal Highway Administration
6300 Georgetown Pike
McLean, VA 22101
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Final Report: February 2000 to April 2004
14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. Supplementary Notes
Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative: Fred Faridazar, HRDI - 11

16. Abstract
This report documents enhancements incorporated in the (HIgh PERformance PAVing) HIPERPAV® II software. Enhancements made within this project include the addition of two major modules: a module to predict the performance of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) as affected by early-age factors, and a module to predict the early-age behavior (first 72 hours) and early life (up to 1 year) of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). Two additional Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) studies were also incorporated: one that predicts dowel bearing stresses as a function of environmental loading during the early age, and a module for optimization of concrete paving mixes as a function of 3-day strength, 28-day strength, and cost. Additional functionality to the software was also incorporated by reviewing and prioritizing the feedback provided by users of the first generation of the software, HIPERPAV I.

To accomplish the above, an extensive literature search was conducted in search of mechanistic and mechanistic-empirical models that could be used for this purpose. A system approach was followed for incorporating additional developments in the software following the same methodology employed during the development of the original HIPERPAV I software. Evaluation of the enhancements was accomplished with the help of a Technical Expert Panel (TEP). Likewise, validation of the model predictions was accomplished by employing existing databases and investigation of pavements during construction and in service.

This report summarizes the work conducted to enhance the HIPERPAV concrete pavement design guidelines. This is the first volume in a series of three volumes that document the different tasks carried out in accomplishing the objectives for this project.

FHWA No.              Vol. No.     Short Title
FHWA-HRT-04-121  Volume I    Project Summary
FHWA-HRT-04-122  Volume II   Design and Construction Written Guidelines and HIPERPAV II User’s Manual
FHWA-HRT-04-127  Volume III  Technical Appendixes
17. Key Words
High Performance Concrete Pavement; HIPERPAV; Jointed; Continuously Reinforced; Early-Age Behavior; Long-Term Performance; Mechanistic-Empirical Models; Temperature; Hydration; Shrinkage; Relaxation; Creep; Thermal Expansion; Slab Base Restraint; Curling; Warping; Plastic Shrinkage; Cracking; JPCP; CRCP 		18. Distribution Statement No restrictions.
No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service; Springfield, VA 22161
19. Security Classif. (of this report)
Unclassified		 20. Security Classif. (of this page)
Unclassified		 21. No of Pages
106 		22. Price
N/A

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed pages authorized (art. 5/94)

SI* (Modern Metric) Conversion Factors

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2. PREVIOUS HIPERPAV FEEDBACK AND PROVISIONS FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER 3.INFORMATION SEARCH AND MODEL SELECTION

CHAPTER 4. GUIDELINE ENHANCEMENTS AND EVALUATION

CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES

  1. Figure 1. Schematic of total systems approach to the HIPERPAV II system.
  2. Figure 2. Microsoft Windows screen capture of database search tool.
  3. Figure 3. Schematic of empirical and mechanistic solutions for prediction of pavement distress.
  4. Figure 4. Use of empirical (regression) model for prediction of concrete strains.
  5. Figure 5. Use of empirical and analytical (mechanistic) model for prediction.
  6. Figure 6. Use of empirical and calibrated analytical (mechanistic-empirical) model for prediction.
  7. Figure 7. Graphical representation of revised Rasmussen-Zollinger-Parrot model.
  8. Figure 8. Schematic of dowel bar deformation due to slab curling.
  9. Figure 9. Conceptual schematic of dowel bar bending moment and its correlation to the temperature difference in the slab.
  10. Figure 10. Simple schematic outlining PRS.
  11. Figure 11. JPCP pavement performance in terms of faulting.
  12. Figure 12. JPCP pavement performance in terms of transverse cracking.
  13. Figure 13. JPCP pavement performance in terms of spalled joints.
  14. Figure 14. JPCP pavement performance in terms of initial pavement roughness.
  15. Figure 15. General outline of the FHWA curing guide.
  16. Figure 16. Conceptual representation of the COMET module in HIPERPAV II.
  17. Figure 17. CRCP early-age module.
  18. Figure 18. JCP long-term performance modeling.
  19. Figure 19. System architecture flowchart.
  20. Figure 20. Screenshot of interface for HIPERPAV II.
  21. Figure 21. Structure of HIPERPAV II tech components.
  22. Figure 22. Subcomponents of module HP_CORE.
  23. Figure 23. Subcomponents of module HP_MECH.
  24. Figure 24. Subcomponents of module HP_JCP.
  25. Figure 25. Subcomponents of module HP_CRCP.
  26. Figure 26. Subcomponents of module HP_JCPLON.
  27. Figure 27. Software project life cycle.

LIST OF TABLES

  1. Table 1. Proposed additions to the HIPERPAV II software.
  2. Table 2. Hydration models identified for possible incorporation in HIPERPAV II.
  3. Table 3. Climatic models.
  4. Table 4. Structural behavior models.
  5. Table 5. Faulting models.
  6. Table 6. Midpanel cracking models.
  7. Table 7. Corner cracking models.
  8. Table 8. Spalling models.
  9. Table 9. Roughness (ride) models.
  10. Table 10. JCP selected models.
  11. Table 11. CRCP models identified for possible incorporation in HIPERPAV II (early-age behavior).
  12. Table 12. CRCP models identified for possible incorporation in HIPERPAV II (long-term performance).
  13. Table 13. Primary variables affecting PCC properties.
  14. Table 14. Primary PCC properties that influence JPCP distresses.
  15. Table 15. Pros and cons of the FHWA studies identified for incorporation in HIPERPAV II.
  16. Table 16. Primary system architecture components.
  17. Table 17. Secondary system architecture components.
  18. Table 18. List of HIPERPAV II tech components.
  19. Table 19. List of HP_CORE subcomponents.
  20. Table 20. List of HP_MECH subcomponents.
  21. Table 21. List of HP_JCP subcomponents.
  22. Table 22. List of HP_BCO subcomponents.
  23. Table 23. List of HP_CRCP subcomponents.
  24. Table 24. List of HP_CRCP subcomponents.

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AASHTO: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACI: American Concrete Institute
ASCE: American Society of Civil Engineers
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
ADO: ActiveX® Data Objects
AQC: Acceptance Quality Characteristics
BCO: Bonded Concrete Overlays
BP: Bazant-Panula
CCRI: Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute
CEB-FIP: Euro-International Concrete Committee (Comité Euro-International du Béton)-International Concrete Federation (Fédération Internationale du Béton)
COM: Component Object Model
COMET: Concrete Optimization, Management, Engineering, and Testing
COPES: Concrete Pavement Evaluation System
COST: Concrete Optimization Software Tool
COTR: Contracting Officer's Technical Representative
CPTP: Concrete Pavement Technology Program
CRCP: Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement
CRSI: Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute
CTB: Cement-Treated Base
CTE: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
CTR: Center for Transportation Research
DOM: Document Object Model
DOT: Department of Transportation
ESAL: Equivalent Single Axle Loads
FEM: Finite-Element Method
FDM: Finite-Difference Method
FHWA: Federal Highway Administration
FWD: Falling Weight Deflectometer
GIS: Geographic Information System
GPS: General Pavement Studies
GUI: Graphical User Interface
HIPERPAV: HIgh PERformance Concrete PAVing.
ICM: Integrated Climate Model
IRI: International Roughness Index
JCP: Jointed Concrete Pavement
JPCP: Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement
LCC: Life Cycle Costs
LCCDES: "As-Designed" Life Cycle Costs
LCCCON "As-Constructed" Life Cycle Costs
LTE: Load Transfer Efficiency
LTPP: Long-Term Pavement Performance
M&R: Maintenance and Rehabilitation
MOR: Modulus of Rupture
MRU: Most Recently Used
NCHRP: National Cooperative Highway Research Program
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
PCC: Portland Cement Concrete
PCCP: Portland Cement Concrete Pavements
PRS: Performance-Related Specifications
PSI: Present Serviceability Index
PSR: Present Serviceability Rating
QA: Quality Assurance
RIPPER: Performance/Rehabilitation of Rigid Pavements
SHA: State Highway Agency
SHRP: Strategic Highway Research Program
SDS: Software Design Specification
SMP: Seasonal Monitoring Program
SRS: Software Requirement Specification
TEMP: Total Environmental Management for Pavements
TEP: Technical Expert Panel
XML: Extensible Markup Language

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