Glossary

Crop Residues

crop residue Crop residues absorb energy of raindrops to reduce the soil splash. Plants and close growing crops minimize raindrop impact as well as hold the soil together and act a filter. They also reduce the amount of runoff as do subsurface drainage system.
Effects of Crop Residues on Runoff and Soil Loss

Cover Crops

Cover crops are grasses, legumes, or small grains grown between regular grain production periods for the purpose of protecting and improving the soil. For water erosion control, the winter cover crops hold the soil together until spring, helping to keep nutrients in the land and reduce run off. Cover crops also protect the land from the harsh forces of the wind.

Erosion

Erosion is a selective process, removing the fine silt, clay, and organic matter at a much faster rate than coarser sands. This can result in poorer soil tillage and lower nutrient- and water-holding capacity if nothing is done about the situation.

Legumes

Legumes are plants or crops such as soybeans, alfalfa, and clover that are high in nitrogen production and are helpful when replenishing the soil and improving its ability to prevent eventual soil erosion.

Loam

Loam is an easily crumbled soil that consists of a varying mixture of clay, silt, and sand.

Models

There are many models that are used to evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs. Development of the first model to estimate soil erosion was started in the 1930's. It has been used to predict sediment losses and to plan conservation measures for farms.

Mulch

Mulch Mulch is a type of protective covering such as sawdust, compost, burlap, shredded wood or paper strips used on the ground to reduce water evaporation, control weeds, enrich the soil. It is also very important in preventing water erosion in newly formed waterways and other areas where vegetation still has not had enough time to establish itself. The mulch intercepts the erosive forces of raindrops, thus reducing erosion until the seeding produces its own protective cover.


Runoff

Example of RunoffRunoff occurs when the rainfall rate exceeds the soil's infiltration capacity. On sloping areas, runoff is a concern since it can carry soil particles, nutrients, and other chemicals with it.

Planning Agency

Technical assistance and other information on reducing soil erosion is available at such locations as the local Soil and Water Conservation District and the Agricultual Stabilization & Conservation Service office.

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