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UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Some Ephemeroptera nymphs
and Diptera larvae are common in the deep profundal
benthic zones of the Great Lakes - other orders of aquatic insect larvae
are restricted to littoral or tributary benthos, nearshore surface waters
(e.g., water striders), or are parasitic on other Great Lakes waterlife
(e.g., Lepidoptera and braconid wasps). Some Coleoptera and Hemiptera
remain fully aquatic as adults (usually littoral) - other orders of
aquatic insects have winged adults and are usually found floating on
the water surface, associated with emergent macrophytes (e.g., wetlands)
or in nearshore terrestrial habitats.
Nymphs and Larvae
Note on juvenile stages - Pupae are inactive stages
(e.g., hard case, translucent case or cocoon). Larvae and nymphs are
both active stages. Nymphs have rudimentary wings (or wing buds) and
usually have jointed legs (usually 3 pair) similar to adults. Larvae
lack rudimentary wings and usually lack legs or are limited to prolegs
or projections (usually other than 3 pairs). See also: An
Introduction to Insect Life Cycles
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Ephemeroptera
(mayflies)
Nymph - 3 tail blades, lateral
gills on abdomen |
Odonata
(dragonflies & damselflies)
Nymph - 0-3 tail appendages, chewing
mouth (predatory) |
Diptera
(flies, midges & mosquitos)
Larvae - w/o legs |
Plecoptera
(stoneflies)
Nymph - 2 tail appendages |
Megaloptera
(alderflies & spongilliflies)
Alderfly larvae - with stout
lateral processes on all segments
Spongillifly larvae - found in sponges with a slender
curved mouth ~ half body length |
Trichoptera
(caddisflies)
Larvae - found in cases,
1 pair of terminal prolegs with hooks |
Coleoptera
(beetles)
Larvae - without prolegs or cases,
usually 6 well developed thoracic legs but no wing pads |
Hemiptera
(water bugs)
Nymphs - incomplete metamorphosis,
juveniles look similar to adults |
Lepidoptera
(daggar and snout moths)
Larvae - caterpillars with 5 proleg
pairs, usually parasitic in macrophytes rather than independently
aquatic |
Hymenoptera
(braconid wasps)
Larvae - Parasitic on other
larvae |
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Adult - 2-3 threadlike tails
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Odonata
(dragonflies & damselflies)
Adult - similarly sized fore and
hindwings held perpendicular to the body (flat or vertical) at
rest
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Diptera
(flies, midges & mosquitos)
Adult - 1 pair of wings, no thread-like
tails
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Plecoptera
(stoneflies)
Adult - wings held flat and parallel
to the body with hindwings fanfolded beneath the shorter forewings
when at rest
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Megaloptera
(alderflies and spongilliflies)
Adult - hind-wings broader than
fore-wings at least at base, held downsloping at rest
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Trichoptera
(caddisflies)
Adult - 2 pair of hairy wings
held downsloping at rest
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Coleoptera
(beetles)
Adult - forewings hardened to
a protective covering meeting in a straight line down the back
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Hemiptera
(water bugs)
Adult - forewings meet leaving
a triangular patch showing at the anterior portion of the
back and are clear at the tips
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Lepidoptera
(daggar and snout moths)
Adult - 2 pair of wings, both
with powdery scales
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Hymenoptera
(braconid wasps)
Adult - extremely narrow waist
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Species List |
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species Reported Locations**
** Reported locations based on a limited literature search.
Codes indicate presence reported but absence of a code should
not be interpreted as a species absence. |
- Coleoptera (beetles)
- Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) XS
- Donacia sp. X
- Neohaemonia sp. X
- Prasocuris sp. X
- Curculionidae
(snout beetles, weevils)
- Dytiscidae (predaceous diving beetles) XW SHEO
- Bidessus spp. W SHO
- Celina sp. X
- Dytiscus sp. X
- Hydaticus spp. XW E
- Hydroporus spp. W H
- Laccophilus spp. XW H
- Rhantus sp. X
- Uvarus sp. X
- Elmidae (riffle beetles) XW SHEO
- Dubiraphia spp. XW HEO
- Macronychus sp.
- Optioservus spp. W SHEO
- Stenelmis spp. W HEO
- S. crenata W HO
- S. quadrimaculata W HE
- Erirhinidae
- Gyrinidae (whiligig beetles) XW H
- Dineutus sp. X
- Gyrinus spp. XW H
- Haliplidae (crawling water beetles) XW HE
- Haliplus spp. XW HE
- Peltodytes sp. X
- Helophoridae
- Hydraenidae
(minute moss beetles)
- Anacaena sp. X
- Cymbiodyta sp. X
- Hydrochara sp. X
- Hydraena sp. X
- Paracymus sp. X
- Tropisternus sp. X
- Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles) XW EO
- Limnichidae (minute marsh-loving beetles)
- Noteridae (burrowing water beetles) X
- Psephenidae (water pennies) W SHO
- Ectopria spp. W S
- Psephenus spp. W SHO
- Sciritidae X
- Staphylinidae (rove beetles) X
- Diptera UGZ XWRLN12345 SMHEL* (Click link for full list)
- Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) XWRN SHEO
- Chaoboridae (phantom midges) X
- Chironimidae (midges) XWR(50spp.) LN12345 SM(27spp.)HEO
- Culicidae (mosquitos) X
- Dixidae (midges) X
- Dolichopodidae (longlegged flies) X
- Empididae (dance flies) XW SHEO
- Ephydridae (shore flies) XR E
- Mycetophilidae (fungus gnats) X
- Psychodidae (moth flies) W SHE
- Sciaridae (dark-winged fungus gnats) X
- Sciomyzidae (marsh flies) X
- Simuliidae (black flies) W SO
- Stratiomyidae (soldier flies) X
- Syrphidae (syrphid flies) X
- Tabanidae (deer flies) X
- Thaumaleidae (solitary midges) X
- Tipulidae (crane flies) XWR S
- Ephemeroptera (mayflies) XWRLN SHEO
(Click link for full list)
- Baetiscidae
- Caenidae XWRL SHEO
- Ephemeridae XWRN SHE
- Ephemerellidae
- Heptageniidae XWRN SHEO
- Leptohyphidae
- Leptophlebiidae
- Oligoneuridae X
- Heteroptera (Hemiptera)
- Belostomatidae (giant water bugs) X S
- Corixidae (water boatmen) XW SHE
- Callicorixa sp.
- Hesperocorixa sp.
- H. atopodonta W S
- H. kennicotti X
- H. michiganensis X
- Palmacorixa sp
- P. buenoi X
- Sigara spp.
X
- S. alternata W E
- S. lineata XW HE
- S. transfigurata X
- S. trilineata XW SH
- S. variabilis X
- Trichocorixa
- T. borealis X
- T. naias W H
- Gerridae (water striders) X
- Gerris sp. X
- Limnoporus sp. X
- Neogerris sp. X
- Trepobates sp. X
- Hydrometridae (marsh treaders, water measurers) X
- Mesoveliidae (water treaders) X
- Naucoridae (creeping water bugs) X
- Nepidae (water scorpions) X
- Notonectidae (backswimmers) X
- Veliidae (ripple bugs) X
- Hymenoptera
- Braconidae (braconid wasps) X
- Lepidoptera
- Noctuidae (dagger moths)
- Pyralidae (snout moths) XWR SHEO
- Acentria sp. X
- Acentropus (Acentria) sp.
- A. niveus (ephemerella) EO (Exotic - GLANSIS)
- Nymphula spp. W SHO
- Paragyractis spp. WR HE
- Parapoynx sp. X
- Petrophila sp. X
- Megaloptera
- Sialidae (alderflies) XL H
- Sisyridae (spongillaflies)
- Odonata XW SO (Click link for full list)
- - Aniosoptera (dragonflies)
- - Zygoptera (damselflies)
- Plecoptera (stoneflies)
- Capniidae XW SH
- Paracapnia sp.
- Chloroperlidae
- Alloperla spp. W H
- Hastaperla sp.
- Leuctridae
- Nemouridae
- Perlidae
- Acroneuria sp.
- Paragnetina sp.
- Perlodidae
- Arcynopteryx sp.
- Isogenus sp.
- Isoperla sp. R
- Trichoptera (caddis flies) XWRLN SHCEO
- Brachycentrus sp.
- Micrasema spp. W
R(29spp.) CE
- Molanna sp.
- Glossosomatidae
- Glossosoma spp. W S
- Proptoptila sp.
- Helicopsychidae
- Hydropsychidae
- Cheumatopsyche spp.
- C. campyla W SHCEO
- C. miniscula WH
- C. speciosa C
- Hydropsyche spp. W SHCEO
- H. alternans C
- H. guttata W HE
- H. hageni C
- H. incommoda C
- H. morosa C
- H. phalerata C
- H. recurvata W SHEO
- H. valanis C
- Macrostemum sp.
- Potamyia sp.
- Symphitopsyche sp. R
- Hydroptilidae XWR SHCEO
- Agraylea spp. W SHCEO
- Hydroptila spp. XWR SHCEO
- H. consimilis W SHCO
- H. spatulata W CE
- H. waubesiana C
- Ithytrichia sp.
- Neotrichia spp. W S
- Ochrotrichia sp.
- Orthotrichia sp.
- O. aegerfasciella C
- O. cristata C
- Oxyethira spp.
X
- Lepidostomatidae
- Lepidostoma spp. WR SHCEO
- Leptoceridae XWRLN SHCEO
- Ceraclea spp. XWR SHCEO
- C. alagma W O
- C. ancycla (ancyclus) WR SE
- C. angusta W H
- C. annulicornis WR SH
- C. cancellata C
- C. diluta W HCEO
- C. erratica C
- C. flava W HCO
- C. mentiea C
- C. neffi C
- C. nepha W EO
- C. resurgens R C
- C. submacula R
- C. tarsipunctata W HCEO
- C. transversa C
- Mystacides spp. WRN SHCEO
- M. longicornis W HCEO
- M. interjecta XW O
- M. sepulchralis (sepulcharis) WR SHC
- Nectopsyche spp. XWR HCE
- N. diarina C
- N. exquisita C
- Oecetis spp. XWRN SHCEO
- O. avara W SHCEO
- O. cinerascens C
- O. eddlestoni W HE
- O. immobilis C
- O. inconspicua W SHCEO
- O. osteni C
- Setodes spp. W HC
- S. incertus C
- S. oligius C
- Triaenodes spp. XR C
- T. flavescens C
- T. injusta C
- T. tardus C
- Ylodes sp. X
- Limnephilidae XW SCE
- Anabolia sp. X
- Apatania spp. W E
- Arctopora sp. X
- Dicosmoecus spp. W S
- Glyphopsyche spp. W S
- Goerinae X
- Grammotaulius sp. X
- Lenarchus sp. X
- Limnephilus spp. XW SC
- L. hyalinus C
- L. indivisus C
- L. infernalis C
- L. sackeni C
- L. submonilifer C
- Nemotaulius sp.
X
- Psychoglypha sp.
- Pycnopsyche sp C
- Molannidae
- Molanna spp. XWN HCEO
- M. flavicornis C
- M. uniophila W O
- Phryganeidae
- Agrypnia sp. XR
- Banksiola sp.
X
- Fabria sp. X
- Phryganea sp.
X
- Ptilostoma sp. X
- Polycentropodidae XWR SHCE
- Cernotina sp. X
- Cyrnellus spp. XC
- Neureclipsis spp. XWR SHCE
- N. bimaculatus C
- N. crepuscularis W CE
- N. validus C
- Nyctiophylax spp. WR SHCE
- N. affinis W HC
- N. vestitus W H
- Phylocentropus sp.
X
- Polycentropus spp. XWR SHCEO
- P. centralis R
- P. cinereus WR SHCE
- P. interruptus WR HC
- P. remotus WR HC
- Psycomyiidae
- Lype sp.
- Psychomyia sp. W SH
- Rhyacophilidae
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* (Dominant) based on:
S (Lake Superior) based on:
M (Lake Michigan) based on combination of:
H (Lake Huron) based on:
- Abundance,
Biomass, and Species Composition of Benthic Macroinvertebrate
Populations in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, 1987-96. Thomas Nalepa,
David Fanslow, Margaret Lansing, Gregory Lang, Mark Ford, Gerald
Gostenik, and David Hartson. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-122.
- Relationships
among zoobenthos, sediments, and organic matter in littoral
zones of western Lake Erie and Saginaw Bay. 1983. Richard A.
Cole and Diana L. Weigmann. JGLR 9(4)568-581.
- Wave-zone
macrobenthos of the exposed Canadian shores of the St. Lawrence
Great Lakes. 1978. D.R. Barton and B.N. Hynes. JGLR 4(1)27-45.
- Benthic
Community Structure and Composition among rocky habitats in
the Great Lakes and Keuka Lake, NY. 1987. Michael H. Winnell
and David J. Jude. JGLR 13(1)3-17.
- NOAA
Great Lakes Nonindigenous Species List
C (St. Clair - Detroit River Corridor) based on:
E (Lake Erie) based on:
O (Lake Ontario) based on:
X (Great Lakes coastal wetlands) based on:
W (wave zone = 0-2m) based on:
R (rocky habitats) based on: Benthic
Community Structure and Composition among rocky habitats in the
Great Lakes and Keuka Lake, NY. 1987. Michael H. Winnell and David
J. Jude. JGLR 13(1)3-17.
L (littoral) based on: Relationships
among zoobenthos, sediments, and organic matter in littoral zones
of western Lake Erie and Saginaw Bay. 1983. Richard A. Cole and
Diana L. Weigmann. JGLR 9(4)568-581.
N (nearshore) based on:
1 = 14-30m based on:
2 = 31-50m based on:Disruption of the benthic community in Lake
Ontario. 2003. S.J. Lozano and T.F. Nalepa. in State of Lake Ontario
(SOLO) -- Past, Present and Future. M Munawar (ed). Ecovision
World Monograph Series. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
Society.
3 = 51-70m based on:Disruption of the benthic community in Lake
Ontario. 2003. S.J. Lozano and T.F. Nalepa. in State of Lake Ontario
(SOLO) -- Past, Present and Future. M Munawar (ed). Ecovision
World Monograph Series. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
Society.
4 = 71-90m based on:Disruption of the benthic community in Lake
Ontario. 2003. S.J. Lozano and T.F. Nalepa. in State of Lake Ontario
(SOLO) -- Past, Present and Future. M Munawar (ed). Ecovision
World Monograph Series. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
Society.
5 = >90m based on:Disruption of the benthic community in Lake
Ontario. 2003. S.J. Lozano and T.F. Nalepa. in State of Lake Ontario
(SOLO) -- Past, Present and Future. M Munawar (ed). Ecovision
World Monograph Series. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
Society.
U (eutrophic indicator) based on:
Z (mesotrophic indicator) based on:
G (oligotrophic indicator) based on:
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