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Underestimation of infant mortality rates in one republic of the former Soviet Union.
Pediatrics 2003; 20-033(5):e596-e600.
Wuhib T, McCarthy BJ, Chorba T, Sinitsina T, Ivasiv IV, McNabb SJN.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Kazakhstan's live-birth definition--that dates from the former
Soviet Union (FSU) era--differs from that used by the World Health Organization
(WHO). We studied the impacts of both live-birth definitions on the computations
of the infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal and child health (MCH) planning
in Zhambyl Oblast, Kazakhstan. METHODS: We interviewed caregivers and abstracted
medical records to obtain birth weight and age-at-death information on infant
deaths in Zhambyl Oblast from November 1, 1996, through October 31, 1997.
Using the 2 indicators of birth weight and age at death, we created a matrix
delineating the respective contribution to infant death (maternal health,
newborn care, or infant care) for the cells. We then calculated the IMR,
birth weight-specific IMR (BWS-IMR), and birth weight-proportionate IMR (BWP-IMR)
for each cell. RESULTS: The observed IMR in Zhambyl Oblast, in 1996--using
the definition of a live birth from the FSU--was 32 per 1000 live births.
The recalculated IMR--using the WHO definition--was 58.7 per 1000 live births.
Computed estimates of the contribution to infant death, by the categories
of maternal health, newborn care, and infant care, were 10%, 23%, and 67%,
respectively, when using the live-birth definition from the Soviet era. These
estimates shifted to 24%, 41%, and 35%, respectively, when using the WHO
definition, yet only 8% of the Zhambyl Oblast MCH budget was earmarked to
maternal health and newborn care, which we estimated accounted for 65% of
infant deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The live-birth definition commonly used in the
FSU underestimated the IMR and undervalued the contributions to infant death
by both maternal health and newborn care. We recommend that all republics
of the FSU adopt the WHO live-birth definition so that the IMR can serve
as a better indicator for MCH planning.