![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090509215316im_/http://ks.water.usgs.gov/images/minus.gif) Organic Geochemistry Research Labratory
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Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
ELISA is used as both as a quantitative tool and as a screening method to reduce
sample load for conventional analysis. Because ELISAs can be used to screen
large sample sets at realistic costs, they can facilitate large-scale
surveys and monitoring programs that would otherwise be unrealistic. ELISA is a method of analysis that relies on specific interactions between antibodies
and antigens to measure a variety of substances. Several USGS water-quality surveys have used ELISA for the analysis of the major crop
herbicides in the United States (eg. alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor) metolachlor).
ELISA Methods
ELISA analyses performed by the Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory are as follows:
- Atrazine (IMA)
- Cyanazine (IMC)
- Cyclodienes (IMD)
- Fluometuron (IMF)
- Methoprene Acid (IMP)
- Metolachlor (IMM)
- Metribuzin (IMT)
- Microcystin (IMN)
Selected ELISA References
- Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1997,
Environmental immunoassays--Alternative techniques for soil and water analysis,
in Aga, D.S. and Thurman, E.M., eds., Immunochemical technology for
environmental applications: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 657, p. 1-20.
- Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pomes, M.L., 1994,
Determination of alachlor and its
ethane-sulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay: Analytical Chemistry, v. 66, no. 9, p. 1495-1499.
- Aga, D.S., and Thurman, E.M., 1993,
Coupling solid-phase (SPE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for untratrace
analysis of herbicides in pristine water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, p. 2894-2898.
- Bastian, K.C., Thurman, E.M., and Rebich, R.A., 1998,
Comparison of enzyme-linked immunoassay
with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for analysis of the cotton herbicide
fluometuron: Proceedings of the 28th Mississippi Water Resources Conference, April
7-8, 1998, p. 45-55.
- Dombrowski, T.R., Thurman, E.M., and Mohrman, G.B., 1996,
A first application of
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening cyclodiene insecticides in ground
water, in VanEmon, J.M., Gerlach, C.L., and Johnson, J.C., eds,
Environmental immunochemical methods--Oersoectuves and applications: American Chemical
Society Symposium Series 646, p. 170-182.
- Fallon, J.D., and Thurman, E.M., 1993, Determining the age, transport, and
three-dimensional distribution of atrazine in a reservoir by immunoassay, in
Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., compilers, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances
Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado,
September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report
94-4015, v. 1, p. 499-504.
- Pomes, M.L., Thurman, E.M., Aga, D.S., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998,
Evaluation of microtiter-plate
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of triazine and chloroacetanilide
herbicides in rainfall: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, p. 163-168.
- Thurman, E.M. and Aga, D.S., 2001,
Detection of Pesticides and Pesticide Metabolites
Using the Cross Reactivity in Immunoassays,
Journal of AOAC International, v. 84, No. 1, p. 163-167.
- Thurman, E.M., Meyer, M.T., Pomes, M.L., Perry, C.A., and Schwab, A.P., 1990,
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine
herbicides in water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, p. 2043-2048.
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