2.0. OPERATIONS
Scheduling of individual activities will depend upon weather conditions
and progress of scientific work, therefore, firm advance scheduling of events
will not be possible, and a continual dialogue between scientific and ship's
personnel will be especially important. A contract has been awarded by
PMEL to commercial divers for recovery of two, lost TRAPS at Mooring 2.
The order of cruise activities (below) will be dictated by weather and the
ability of the commercial divers to rendezvous with the Freeman and perform
the recovery. The Chief Scientist and PMEL Mooring Specialists will
meet with the Commanding Officer and Field Operations Officer the day before
departure to determine the initial activities. To insure fulfillment
of all the scientific objectives, the ship is asked to steam at maximum
cruising speed whenever time in transit and between stations is greater
than one hour.
A standard oceanographic watch will be utilized which consists of a winch
operator, a scientific staff of three and a Survey Tech on deck. Operations
will be conducted 24 hours a day.
- SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES (See Table 1 and Figure 1):
The summary below is the tentative order of execution. The order of
activities will be determined by the Chief Scientist in consultation with
ship's personnel after PMEL has determined when they want to rendezvous
with their diving contractor.
1. North Aleutian Slope Flow Transect -- We intend to occupy 6 CTD stations
along this transect and recover/redeploy Mooring 6 and recover Mooring 7.
Nutrient and chlorophyll samples and (20/60 cm) bongo tows will be taken
at selected stations. The depths of the CTD casts are likely to exceed the
maximum depths of the fluorometer and chlorophyll absorbance meter (ChlAM).
2. Basin/Shelf Break Transect -- We intend to occupy 7 CTD stations along
this transect. Nutrient and chlorophyll samples and (20/60 cm) bongo tows
will be taken at selected stations at the shelf break. The depths of some
of the CTD casts are likely to exceed the maximum depths of the fluorometer
and chlorophyll absorbance meter.
3. Cross-Shelf Transect -- We intend to occupy 18 CTD stations along
this transect. Nutrient and chlorophyll samples and (20/60 cm) bongo tows
will be taken at selected stations. Multiple bongo tows and CTD casts will
be necessary at Moorings 2 and 3. The transect will be interrupted to
complete operations at Moorings 2 and 3.
4. Mooring 3. Mooring 3 will be recovered and redeployed with a surface
toroid buoy and meteorological instrument tower. Sediment traps will be
deployed on a separate mooring within 0.1 nm of the main mooring. Multiple
CTD casts (for nutrients and chlorophyll) will be required before recovery
and after deployment. Between recovery and redeployment MOCNESS, Tucker,
Methot, and bongo tows will be done in the vicinity of the mooring. After
operations are completed we will continue the cross-shelf transect until
we arrive at Mooring 2
5. Mooring 2. As the Miller Freeman proceeds to mooring site, the weather
forecast will be monitored to determine if conditions are favorable to perform
diving operations. If so, then the S/V Redeemer will be contacted to rendezvous
with the Miller Freeman the next day. In the interim, Mooring 2 will be
recovered and redeployed with a surface toroid buoy and meteorological instrument
tower. Sediment traps will be deployed on a separate mooring within 0.1
nm of the main mooring. Multiple CTD casts (for nutrients and chlorophyll)
will be required before recovery and after deployment. Between recovery
and redeployment MOCNESS, Tucker, Methot, and bongo tows will be done in
the vicinity of the mooring.
In preparation for the arrival of the diving vessel the Freeman will deploy
marker buoys (3 anchors, ca. 600 lb., each) as close as possible to the
TRAP moorings F-96BST-2S and F-96BST-2F. We may also need to deploy anchor
buoys (2 - 4 anchors, 5000 lb., each) for the S/V Redeemer to tie up to
during the dive operations. Two members of the scientific party will need
to be transferred to the S/V Redeemer via Munson or RHIB when it arrives
at the dive site. It may be necessary for the Freeman to work in the vicinity
of the contractor's vessel during TRAP recovery operations (approx. 2 days).
After operations are completed we will finish the cross-shelf transect stations
before beginning the next transect.
6. Seventy Meter Isobath Transect -- We intend to occupy 7 CTD stations
along this transect. Multiple bongo tows and CTD casts (for nutrients and
chlorophyll) will be necessary at Mooring 4.
7. Deadhead either to Mooring 2 to complete gear comparison tests or
to Unimak Pass.
8. Unimak Pass Box. A "box" transect of 18 CTD stations will
be accomplished. Nutrient and chlorophyll samples and (20/60 cm) bongo tows
will be taken at selected stations.
Miscellaneous Operations -- A 0.8 m ring net tow for live plankton will
be performed most mornings before sunrise, regardless of geographic position.
We will try to schedule these to co-occur with other station work.
2.2 PROCEDURES FOR OPERATIONS:
Please refer to FOCI Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship Miller
Freeman, 1997 (1/13/97).
- Relevant Sections
- 2.2.1 CTD/Water Operations
2.2.2 MARMAP bongo tows
2.2.4 Live Zooplankton Ring Net Tows
2.2.5 MOCNESS tows
2.2.7 Methot trawl (Note: The Methot trawl will be deployed using the Marco
winch
off the stern of the vessel with the stern platform in place.)
2.2.9 Tucker trawls
2.2.10 Chlorophyll Samples (Note: Chlorophyll samples may be processed
onboard using a second fluorometer. Scientists will provide a makeshift
hood to exhaust the acetone fumes.)
2.2.13 ADCP
2.2.14 Radiometer
3.4 Seachest and Uncontaminated Seawater
3.0. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
The following systems and their associated support services are essential
to the cruise. Sufficient consumables, back-up units, and on-site spares
and technical support must be in place to assure that operational interruptions
are minimal. All measurement instruments are expected to have current calibrations,
and all pertinent calibration information shall be included in the data
package
3.1 Equipment and Capabilities to be Provided by the Ship
SEAS XBT launcher, recorder, and probes for synoptic weather report,
Oceanographic winch with slip rings and 3-conductor cable terminated
for CTD,
Wire-angle indicator and readout for oceanographic winch to be used
with bongo and tucker trawl,
Oceanographic winch for bongo net and Tucker trawl sampling with slip
rings and 3-conductor cable terminated for electronic Time-Depth recorder.
Wire should be capable of 1200 lb. loading,
Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD system to be used with PMEL stand (primary system)
(The underwater CTD unit should have mounts compatible with the PMEL CTD
stand).
Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD system with stand (back up system)
(Each CTD system should include: underwater CTD, deck unit , tape recorder,
weights, and pinger).
10-liter sampling bottles for use with rosette (10 plus 4 spares),
For CTD field corrections: IAPSO water and AUTOSAL salinometer,
Sea-Bird SBE-19 SeaCat (backup system),
Meter block for plankton tows,
Wire speed indicator and readout for port, starboard, and Rowe winches,
For meteorological observations: 2 anemometers (one the R. M. Young
system interfaced to the SCS), calibrated air thermometer (wet-and dry-bulb)
and a calibrated barometer and/or barograph,
Freezer space for storage of nutrient samples (blast and storage freezers),
Simrad EQ-50 echo sounder ,
JRC JFV-200R color sounder recorder,
RDI ADCP with PC-compatible data acquisition computer and SyQuest drives,
Radar-tracked drifter buoys,
Bench space in DataPlot for PCs, 17" monitor, printer and VCR to
fly MOCNESS,
Use of 386 PC in DataPlot for data analysis,
SCS (Shipboard Computer System),
Aft Rowe winch with single conductor cable and sliprings for MOCNESS,
Electrical connection between Rowe winch and DataPlot,
Stern platform in place,
Laboratory space with exhaust hood, sink, lab tables and storage space,
Sea-water hoses and nozzles to wash down nets,
Adequate deck lighting for night-time operations,
Navigational equipment including GPS and radar ,
Safety harnesses for working on quarter deck and fantail,
3.2 Equipment to be Provided by the Project
Sea-Bird SBE-19 SeaCat, SBE 36 deck unit, SBE Power Data Interface Module
(PDIM), and SBE 5T pump (primary system),
PMEL PC with SEASOFT software for CTD data collection and processing,
Fluorometer, light meter, and chlorophyll absorbance meter (ChlAM) to
be mounted on CTD,
CTD stand modified for attachment of fluorometer,
Temperature thermistors for CTDs (one for primary system, one for back
up system),
CTD rosette sampler
XBT's for project,
60-cm bongo sampling arrays,
20 cm bongo arrays,
Spare wire angle indicator,
Electronic BKG computer, printer and software,
Tucker trawl, complete 1 M2 sampling array,
ScanMar,
Methot frame and trawl,
MOCNESS, primary and spare parts, and expendables,
Holy sock drogue for ship's drifting buoy,
Surface moorings (FOCI bio-physical platforms),
Subsurface moorings,
Miscellaneous scientific sampling and processing equipment ,
Scientific ultra-cold freezer.
All equipment necessary to prepare and deploy sediment trap moorings
Sediment traps and associated equipment
3.3. Scientific Computer System (SCS)
Please refer to FOCI Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship Miller
Freeman, 1997 (1/13/97).
3.4. Ultra-cold Freezer Requirements
Please refer to FOCI Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship Miller
Freeman, 1997 (1/13/97).
4.0. DATA AND REPORTS
Please refer to FOCI Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship Miller
Freeman, 1997 (1/13/97).
5.0. ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS
5.1. Additional Investigations
None at this time.
5.2. Ancillary Projects:
Ancillary tasks will be accomplished in accordance with the NOAA Fleet
Standing Ancillary Instructions.
5.3. Piggyback Projects:
None at this time.
6.0. MISCELLANEOUS
Please refer to FOCI Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship Miller
Freeman, 1997 (1/13/97).
- Hazardous Materials.
- Additions to FOCI/AFSC chemical manifest -- none
Additions by Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks (S. Henrichs) -- Mercuric chloride
(20 glass vials with 0.5 mg solid each).
-- Formalin (8 liters)
Additions to FOCI/PMEL chemical manifest lithium (lithium oxyhalide
batteries)
7.0. COMMUNICATIONS
Please refer to FOCI Standard Operating Instructions for NOAA Ship Miller
Freeman, 1997 (1/13/97).
8.0. APPENDICES
Table 1. Operations - CTD, Bongo, and Mooring Stations
Figure 1. CTD, Bongo, and Mooring Stations
Material Safety Data Sheets
Lithium Batteries (PMEL)
Mercuric chloride (UAF)
Table 1. Operations - CTD, Bongo, and Mooring Stations
Event |
LatDe g |
LatMi n |
LongDe g |
LongMin |
DecLat |
DecLon g |
Dutch Harbor |
53 |
55 |
-166 |
31 |
53.9167 |
166.5167 |
CTD to 500m + Bb |
53 |
22 |
-168 |
44 |
53.3667 |
168.7333 |
F 96BS 6 Pull/Deploy CTD + Bb |
53 |
26 |
-168 |
46 |
53.4333 |
168.7667 |
CTD to 1500 m + Bb |
53 |
31 |
-169 |
1 |
53.5167 |
169.0167 |
F 96BS 7 Pull, CTD to 1500 m |
53 |
36 |
-169 |
4 |
53.6000 |
169.0667 |
CTD to 1500 m (P2) |
53 |
47 |
-169 |
16 |
53.7833 |
169.2667 |
CTD to 1500 m (opt.) |
54 |
2 |
-169 |
34 |
54.0333 |
169.5667 |
CTD to 1500 m (opt.) |
54 |
20 |
-169 |
50 |
54.3333 |
169.8333 |
CTD to 1500 m (opt.) |
54 |
40 |
-169 |
12 |
54.6667 |
169.2000 |
CTD to 1500 m (P2) |
54 |
58 |
-168 |
45 |
54.9667 |
168.7500 |
CTD to 1500 m (Shelf Break) |
55 |
7 |
-168 |
29 |
55.1167 |
168.4833 |
CTD to 1000 m + Bb (Shelf Break) |
55 |
20 |
-168 |
15 |
55.3333 |
168.2500 |
CTD 500 m + Bb (Shelf Break) |
55 |
23 |
-168 |
10 |
55.3833 |
168.1667 |
CTD 200 m + Bb (Shelf Break) |
55 |
26 |
-168 |
4 |
55.4333 |
168.0667 |
CTD (Outer Shelf) |
55 |
33 |
-167 |
46 |
55.5500 |
167.7667 |
CTD (Outer Shelf) |
55 |
39 |
-167 |
30 |
55.6500 |
167.5000 |
CTD (Outer Shelf) |
55 |
46 |
-167 |
10 |
55.7667 |
167.1667 |
CTD (Outer Shelf) |
55 |
54 |
-166 |
54 |
55.9000 |
166.9000 |
CTD (X at M3) + Bb |
55 |
55 |
-166 |
10 |
55.9167 |
166.1667 |
CTD (X at M3) + Bb |
55 |
59 |
-166 |
35 |
55.9833 |
166.5833 |
CTD (M3) + Bb |
56 |
3.6 |
-166 |
20.1 |
56.0600 |
166.3350 |
CTD (X at M3) + Bb |
56 |
10 |
-166 |
6 |
56.1667 |
166.1000 |
CTD (X at M3) + Bb |
56 |
12.5 |
-166 |
30 |
56.2083 |
166.5000 |
Groundtruth CTD |
56 |
3.6 |
-166 |
20.1 |
56.0600 |
166.3350 |
Recover/Deploy SS/BSM3 + SST |
56 |
3.6 |
-166 |
20.1 |
56.0600 |
166.3350 |
Groundtruth CTD, Tucker, MOC |
56 |
3.6 |
-166 |
20.1 |
56.0600 |
166.3350 |
CTD |
56 |
16.3 |
-165 |
46.4 |
56.2717 |
165.7733 |
CTD |
56 |
23.4 |
-165 |
23.5 |
56.3900 |
165.3917 |
CTD |
56 |
30.5 |
164 |
59.9 |
56.5083 |
163.001 7 |
CTD |
56 |
37.7 |
-164 |
36.3 |
56.6283 |
164.6050 |
CTD (X at M2) + Bb |
56 |
43.9 |
-163 |
53 |
56.7317 |
163.8833 |
CTD (X at M2) + Bb |
56 |
46 |
-164 |
20 |
56.7667 |
164.3333 |
CTD (M2) + Bb |
56 |
52.4 |
-164 |
3.2 |
56.8733 |
164.0533 |
CTD (X at M2) + Bb |
56 |
56.5 |
-163 |
50 |
56.9417 |
163.8333 |
CTD (X at M2) + Bb |
57 |
1 |
-164 |
13 |
57.0167 |
164.2167 |
Groundtruth CTD |
56 |
52.3 |
-164 |
3 |
56.8717 |
164.0500 |
Recover/Deploy SS/BSM2 + SST |
56 |
52.3 |
-164 |
3 |
56.8717 |
164.0500 |
Transfer Personnel to Contract Vessel |
56 |
52.3 |
-164 |
3 |
56.8717 |
164.0500 |
Groundtruth CTD, Tucker, MOC |
56 |
52.3 |
-164 |
3 |
56.8717 |
164.0500 |
CTD |
57 |
7 |
-165 |
18 |
57.1167 |
165.3000 |
CTD |
57 |
25 |
-165 |
52 |
57.4167 |
165.8667 |
CTD |
57 |
32 |
-166 |
44 |
57.5333 |
166.7333 |
CTD |
57 |
38 |
-167 |
37 |
57.6333 |
167.6167 |
CTD |
57 |
46 |
-168 |
28 |
57.7667 |
168.4667 |
CTD (M4) + 3 Bb |
57 |
51.2 |
-168 |
52.1 |
57.8533 |
168.8683 |
CTD |
57 |
52 |
-169 |
18 |
57.8667 |
169.3000 |
Deadhead to Unimak Pass |
54 |
20.2 |
-165 |
25.4 |
54.3367 |
165.4233 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
20.2 |
-165 |
25.4 |
54.3367 |
165.4233 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
22.3 |
-165 |
16.7 |
54.3717 |
165.2783 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
24.8 |
-165 |
8.4 |
54.4133 |
165.1400 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
26.7 |
-164 |
59.7 |
54.4450 |
164.9950 |
CTD |
54 |
43.0 |
-164 |
47.0 |
54.7167 |
164.7833 |
CTD |
54 |
49.7 |
-164 |
53.5 |
54.8283 |
164.8917 |
CTD |
54 |
56.2 |
-164 |
59.4 |
54.9367 |
164.9900 |
CTD |
55 |
3.0 |
-165 |
5.9 |
55.0500 |
165.0983 |
CTD |
54 |
59.2 |
-165 |
17.2 |
54.9867 |
165.2867 |
CTD |
54 |
55.7 |
-165 |
28.6 |
54.9283 |
165.4767 |
CTD |
54 |
52.0 |
-165 |
40.2 |
54.8667 |
165.6700 |
CTD |
54 |
48.6 |
-165 |
51.3 |
54.8100 |
165.8550 |
CTD |
54 |
45.0 |
-166 |
2.8 |
54.7500 |
166.0467 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
41.4 |
-166 |
14.2 |
54.6900 |
166.2367 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
34.8 |
-166 |
7.6 |
54.5800 |
166.1267 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
28.1 |
-166 |
2.0 |
54.4683 |
166.0333 |
CTD + Bb |
54 |
21.6 |
-165 |
56.0 |
54.3600 |
165.9333 |
Dutch Harbor |
53 |
55 |
-166 |
31 |
53.9167 |
166.5167 |
Key: Bb= 20/60 cm Bongo; F96BS6 & F96BS7=Moorings 6 & 7; SS/SST/BSM2=Subsurface,
Subsurface ADCP Trap and Surface Mooring #2; M2, M3, M4=location of Moorings
2, 3, or 4