Converging Technologies for Cell Lineage Analysis |
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| Launch in standalone player | |
| Air date: | Wednesday, June 20, 2007, 3:00:00 PM |
| Category: | Wednesday Afternoon Lectures |
| Runtime: | 75 minutes |
| NLM Title: | Converging technologies for cell lineage analysis [electronic resource] / Ehud Shapiro. |
| Series: | NIH director's Wednesday afternoon lecture series |
| Author: | Shapiro, Ehud Y. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) |
| Publisher: | [Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health, 2007] |
| Other Title(s): | NIH director's Wednesday afternoon lecture series |
| Abstract: | (CIT): The cell lineage project develops and integrates a broad range of technologies into an end-to-end automated system for cell lineage analysis, using a method based on tracing somatic mutations, recently introduced and currently under development at the Weizmann Institute of Science. Using this system, we plan to address fundamental problems in biology and biomedicine, in the research areas of cancer, diabetes, stem cells, fertility, brain, and developmental biology, in collaboration with leading biologists and medical researchers at Weizmann and other research centers, initially in Israel and later also abroad. Some questions our current set of collaborators plans to address using our system include: [Cancer] Do tumor cancer cells all stem from a small sub-populotion (cancer stem-cell hypothesis) or do they all possess the potential for proliferating? [Cancer] Can metastases originate from other metastases, or only from primary tumors? [Diabetes] Are pancreatic beta cells produced from ductal stem cells or differentiated beta cells? [Stem cells] What is the lineage relation among muscle satellite cells and Mesenchymal stem cells? [Fertility] Are oocytes generated during adult life? [Brain] Can Microglial cells differentiate and give rise to neurons? [Stem cells] At what developmental stage is Endothelial cell fate determined? [Stem cells] What is the relationship between kidney stem cells and bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells? [Developmental biology] What are the lineage relations among cardiac cells and skeletal muscle cells in the embryonic head? Ehud Shapiro was born in Jerusalem in 1955, served in the Israeli Defense Forces from 1973 till 1977 as a tank's crewman, commander and officer, followed by undergraduate studies in Tel Aviv University in Mathematics and Philosophy, completed with distinction in 1979. Shapiro's PhD work Computer Science at Yale, "Algorithmic Program Debugging", was published by MIT Press as a 1982 ACM Distinguished Dissertation, followed in 1986 by "The Art of Prolog", a textbook co-authored with Leon Sterling. Coming to the Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1982, Shapiro was inspired by the Japanese Fifth Generation Computer Systems project to invent a high-level programming language for parallel and distributed computer systems, named Concurrent Prolog. A two-volume book on Concurrent Prolog and related work was published by MIT Press in 1987. In 1993, Shapiro found Ubique Ltd., an Israeli Internet software pioneer. Building on Concurrent Prolog, Ubique developed "Virtual Places", a precursor to today's broadly-used Instant Messaging systems. Ubique was sold to America Online in 1995, and following a management buy out in 1997 was sold again to IBM in 1998, where it continues to develop SameTime, IBM's leading Instant Messaging product based on Ubique's technology. Since his return to the Weizmann Institute in 1998, Shapiro has been leading several research projects at the interface of computer science and biology, including the molecular computer project and the cell lineage analysis project. Shapiro received the 2004 World Technology Network Award in Biotechnology and was named by Scientific American as the 2004 Research Leader in Nanotechnology and a member of the "Scientific American 50". The NIH Director's Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series includes weekly scientific talks by some of the top researchers in the biomedical sciences worldwide. |
| Subjects: | Cell Lineage Computational Biology--methods |
| Publication Types: | Government Publications Lectures |
| Download: | Download
Video How to download a Videocast |
| NLM Classification: | QU 375 |
| NLM ID: | 101310959 |
| CIT File ID: | 13914 |
| CIT Live ID: | 5205 |
| Permanent link: | http://videocast.nih.gov/launch.asp?13914 |
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Enhanced Audio Podcast | 43:52 |
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Enhanced Video Podcast | 43:52 | |