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1999 Progress Report: Biomarkers of Ozone Damage to Sierra Nevada Vegetation
EPA Grant Number: R825433C023Subproject: this is subproject number 023 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R825433
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: EERC - Center for Ecological Health Research (Cal Davis)
Center Director: Rolston, Dennis E.
Title: Biomarkers of Ozone Damage to Sierra Nevada Vegetation
Investigators: Higashi, Richard M. , Fan, Teresa W-M.
Current Investigators: Fan, Teresa W-M. , Higashi, Richard M.
Institution: University of California - Davis
EPA Project Officer: Levinson, Barbara
Project Period: October 1, 1996 through September 30, 2000
Project Period Covered by this Report: October 1, 1998 through September 30, 1999
RFA: Exploratory Environmental Research Centers (1992)
Research Category: Targeted Research , Center for Ecological Health Research
Description:
Objective:To use the biochemical analysis of tree ring cores to reconstruct historical conditions affecting tree growth.
Progress Summary:The use of biochemical indicators has largely been limited to living tissues, but in the case of trees it may be possible to reconstruct historical-scale biochemical stresses. The concept of using cumulative biochemical indicators as markers of biological stress grew out of our early success in biochemical research on ozone damage to pine needles in the Sierra Nevada. As part of that research, funded by the Center, we found irreversible biochemical sinks in pine needle cell wall constituents. Using pyrolysis GC-MS analysis and turning to tree rings, we then found a much longer-term record in the lignin types from Ponderosa pine at sites east of the Los Angeles basin. For example, we found that the H:G lignin ratios were lower in the post-World War II period (1950-present) as compared with pre-War period (1900-1940) at ozone-impacted sites; the opposite relationship was found at nearby low-ozone sites. This difference corresponds with the industrial/commercial boom--and the resultant infamous air pollution--in the L.A. basin following the war. Recently, we have found evidence of stilbene-class phytoalexins (plant defense compounds) in the wood that correspond to these periods.
It is possible that many more biomarkers are analyzed by the technique, but currently our ability to reduce the data effectively is limiting. We are pursuing neural-net techniques to assist with this endeavor. Our goal is to determine which markers are exposure markers for ozone, and which are effects markers; for example, we currently hypothesize that the H:G lignin ratios are exposure biomarkers, while the stilbene biomarkers indicate effects of air pollution. To distinguish between exposure and effects markers, we are currently working with researchers at USDA-Forest Service at ozone-impacted sites that exhibit great differences in vegetation damage among individual trees.
Future Activities:We are expanding the study into ten Sierra Nevada Range sites, in conjunction with the California Air Resources Board. We are also pursuing the use of neural?net chemometrics to sort out the massive information generated by the analyses, in collaboration with Dr. Phil Hopke at Clarkson University.
Supplemental Keywords:Ecosystem Protection/Environmental Exposure & Risk, Geographic Area, Scientific Discipline, RFA, Ecological Risk Assessment, Fate & Transport, Environmental Chemistry, Monitoring/Modeling, Ecology and Ecosystems, Environmental Monitoring, State, biomarkers, California (CA), ozone , fate and transport, forested watersheds, ecological risk, field detection, atmospheric deposition, emissions, monitoring, analytical models, detection system, emission control, neural net techniques, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry, environmental measurement, modeling, watershed influences, vegetation, kinetics
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract
2000 Progress Report
Final Report
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
R825433 EERC - Center for Ecological Health Research (Cal Davis)
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R825433C001 Potential for Long-Term Degradation of Wetland Water Quality Due to Natural Discharge of Polluted Groundwater
R825433C002 Sacramento River Watershed
R825433C003 Endocrine Disruption in Fish and Birds
R825433C004 Biomarkers of Exposure and Deleterious Effect: A Laboratory and Field Investigation
R825433C005 Fish Developmental Toxicity/Recruitment
R825433C006 Resolving Multiple Stressors by Biochemical Indicator Patterns and their Linkages to Adverse Effects on Benthic Invertebrate Patterns
R825433C007 Environmental Chemistry of Bioavailability in Sediments and Water Column
R825433C008 Reproduction of Birds and mammals in a terrestrial-aquatic interface
R825433C009 Modeling Ecosystems Under Combined Stress
R825433C010 Mercury Uptake by Fish
R825433C011 Clear Lake Watershed
R825433C012 The Role of Fishes as Transporters of Mercury
R825433C013 Wetlands Restoration
R825433C014 Wildlife Bioaccumulation and Effects
R825433C015 Microbiology of Mercury Methylation in Sediments
R825433C016 Hg and Fe Biogeochemistry
R825433C017 Water Motions and Material Transport
R825433C018 Economic Impacts of Multiple Stresses
R825433C019 The History of Anthropogenic Effects
R825433C020 Wetland Restoration
R825433C021 Sierra Nevada Watershed Project
R825433C022 Regional Transport of Air Pollutants and Exposure of Sierra Nevada Forests to Ozone
R825433C023 Biomarkers of Ozone Damage to Sierra Nevada Vegetation
R825433C024 Effects of Air Pollution on Water Quality: Emission of MTBE and Other Pollutants From Motorized Watercraft
R825433C025 Regional Movement of Toxics
R825433C026 Effect of Photochemical Reactions in Fog Drops and Aerosol Particles on the Fate of Atmospheric Chemicals in the Central Valley
R825433C027 Source Load Modeling for Sediment in Mountainous Watersheds
R825433C028 Stress of Increased Sediment Loading on Lake and Stream Function
R825433C029 Watershed Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Stress: Lake Tahoe Nutrient Budget
R825433C030 Mercury Distribution and Cycling in Sierra Nevada Waterbodies
R825433C031 Pre-contact Forest Structure
R825433C032 Identification and distribution of pest complexes in relation to late seral/old growth forest structure in the Lake Tahoe watershed
R825433C033 Subalpine Marsh Plant Communities as Early Indicators of Ecosystem Stress
R825433C034 Regional Hydrogeology and Contaminant Transport in a Sierra Nevada Ecosystem
R825433C035 Border Rivers Watershed
R825433C036 Toxicity Studies
R825433C037 Watershed Assessment
R825433C038 Microbiological Processes in Sediments
R825433C039 Analytical and Biomarkers Core
R825433C040 Organic Analysis
R825433C041 Inorganic Analysis
R825433C042 Immunoassay and Serum Markers
R825433C043 Sensitive Biomarkers to Detect Biochemical Changes Indicating Multiple Stresses Including Chemically Induced Stresses
R825433C044 Molecular, Cellular and Animal Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect
R825433C045 Microbial Community Assays
R825433C046 Cumulative and Integrative Biochemical Indicators
R825433C047 Mercury and Iron Biogeochemistry
R825433C048 Transport and Fate Core
R825433C049 Role of Hydrogeologic Processes in Alpine Ecosystem Health
R825433C050 Regional Hydrologic Modeling With Emphasis on Watershed-Scale Environmental Stresses
R825433C051 Development of Pollutant Fate and Transport Models for Use in Terrestrial Ecosystem Exposure Assessment
R825433C052 Pesticide Transport in Subsurface and Surface Water Systems
R825433C053 Currents in Clear Lake
R825433C054 Data Integration and Decision Support Core
R825433C055 Spatial Patterns and Biodiversity
R825433C056 Modeling Transport in Aquatic Systems
R825433C057 Spatial and Temporal Trends in Water Quality
R825433C058 Time Series Analysis and Modeling Ecological Risk
R825433C059 WWW/Outreach
R825433C060 Economic Effects of Multiple Stresses
R825433C061 Effects of Nutrients on Algal Growth
R825433C062 Nutrient Loading
R825433C063 Subalpine Wetlands as Early Indicators of Ecosystem Stress
R825433C064 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
R825433C065 Sierra Ozone Studies
R825433C066 Assessment of Multiple Stresses on Soil Microbial Communities
R825433C067 Terrestrial - Agriculture
R825433C069 Molecular Epidemiology Core
R825433C070 Serum Markers of Environmental Stress
R825433C071 Development of Sensitive Biomarkers Based on Chemically Induced Changes in Expressions of Oncogenes
R825433C072 Molecular Monitoring of Microbial Populations
R825433C073 Aquatic - Rivers and Estuaries
R825433C074 Border Rivers - Toxicity Studies