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2004 Progress Report: Integrated Chemical Complex and Cogeneration Analysis System: Greenhouse Gas Management and Pollution Prevention Solutions
EPA Grant Number: R831276C014Subproject: this is subproject number 014 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant CR831276
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: Ho, Tho C.
Title: Integrated Chemical Complex and Cogeneration Analysis System: Greenhouse Gas Management and Pollution Prevention Solutions
Investigators: Lou, Helen , Pike, Ralph W. , Yaws, Carl L.
Institution: Louisiana State University , Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: Krishnan, Bala S.
Project Period: December 1, 2003 through November 30, 2004
Project Period Covered by this Report: December 1, 2003 through November 30, 2004
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
RFA: Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University) (1996)
Research Category: Hazardous Waste/Remediation , Targeted Research
Description:
Objective:Global warming is caused by accelerative accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These emissions should be mitigated if the problem of global warming is to be controlled. The United States accounts for 1,526 million metric tons carbon equivalent per year or about 24 percent of the global carbon dioxide emissions. For industrial emissions, petroleum, coal products, and the chemical industry are responsible for 175 of the 1,627 million metric tons carbon equivalent per year. Carbon dioxide emissions from these fossil fuel industries are from combustion gases and byproduct carbon dioxide mainly from synthesis gas but other sources, also. There is an excess of 120 million tons per year of high purity carbon dioxide from the exponential growth of ammonia production in the last 30 years that is discharged into the atmosphere in the United States. About 0.61 million metric tons per year of high purity carbon are vented from the plants in the chemical complex in the lower Mississippi River corridor. Also, another 19 million metric tons of relative high purity carbon dioxide is vented from refineries and other chemical plants in the United States that use hydrogen from synthesis gas. Approximately 110 million metric tons per year of carbon dioxide are used as a raw material for the production of urea, methanol, acetic acid, polycarbonates, cyclic carbonates, and specialty chemicals such as salicylic acid and carbamates. Other uses include enhanced oil recovery, solvent (supercritical carbon dioxide), refrigeration systems, carbonated beverages, fire extinguishers, and inert gas-purging systems.
Sustainable development is the development in which the needs of current generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Traditionally, industrial systems have been a major threat to environmental sustainability because they consume large amounts of natural resources and release hazardous wastes into the environment. Development of industrial ecosystems is one of the most promising approaches available for sustainable development of industries. In an industrial ecosystem, various industries come together for mutual benefits and are interconnected through mass and energy exchanges. These industries explore the opportunity of using each other’s byproduct, wastes, and products as raw materials to reduce the use of fresh resources as well as waste disposal. This is particularly important for excess high purity carbon dioxide being discharged to the atmosphere now.
As a new direction for the industry, sustainable development is to seek a balance among the economic, environmental, and societal aspects. Towards this mission, the industries need guidance for efficient use of resources, creating new businesses, and infrastructure to strengthen the economy while preserving the environment. Industrial ecosystem is an important approach for sustainable development. As life cycle analysis (LCA) can be used for a comparative environmental analysis of various design schemes for a process or plant, its application can be extended to make vital contributions towards the evaluation and design of highly sustainable industrial ecosystem as well.
In an industrial ecosystem, a group of industries are interconnected through mass and energy exchanges. These industries come together for mutual benefits exploring the opportunities for internal recycle of waste as well as external use/reuse of waste, products, and byproducts. Applying LCA to the members of an industrial ecosystem can provide comprehensive information about the environmental impacts of their products and the design and operational modifications needed to be more environmental friendly. Hence, it helps make rational decision to improve the overall sustainability.
Chemical complex optimization is a powerful methodology for plant and design engineers to convert their company’s goals and capital to viable projects that meet economic, environmental and sustainable requirements. The optimal configuration of plants in a chemical production complex is obtained by solving a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The chemical production complex of existing plants in the lower Mississippi River corridor was a base case for evaluating the additions of new plants that used carbon dioxide as a raw material. These results are applicable to other chemical production complexes in the world, including the ones in the Houston area (largest in the world), Antwerp port area (Belgium), BASF in Ludwigshafen (Germany), Petrochemical district of Camacari-Bahia (Brazil), the Singapore petrochemical complex in Jurong Island (Singapore), and Equate (Kuwait), among others.
The objectives of this research project are to identify and design new industrial processes that use carbon dioxide as a raw material and show how these processes could be integrated into existing chemical production complexes.
Progress Summary:The chemical production complex in the lower Mississippi River corridor was used to demonstrate the integration of these new plants into an existing infrastructure. New processes were evaluated based on selection criteria, and simulations of these processes were performed using HYSYS simulation software. Then the optimal configuration of new and existing plants was determined by optimizing the triple bottom line based on economic, environmental, and sustainable costs using the Chemical Complex Analysis System.
A Chemical Complex and Cogeneration Analysis System was developed by industry-university collaboration to assist in overcoming growth and productivity limitations in the chemical industry by inefficient power generation and greenhouse gas emission constraints. Results from using the system demonstrated how new processes can be integrated into existing chemical complexes to convert greenhouse gases into useful products and to reduce energy consumption and emissions by cogeneration. This system is an advanced technology that determines the best configuration of plants in a chemical complex based on the American Institute of Chemical Engineers’ total cost assessment (TCA) for economic, energy, environmental, and sustainable costs.
LCA perspective was integrated into TCA to facilitate the decision making. LCA is utilized for assessing the environmental performance of the product and process from “cradle to grave.” Development of industrial ecosystems is one of the most promising methods available for sustainable development of industrial systems. While developing such a symbiosis of industries, it is vital to evaluate the environmental impacts of this symbiosis beforehand. This would provide allowance for improving the design and establishing a more efficient industrial symbiosis. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency LCA methodology, Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical Impacts (TRACI), was used successfully to analyze the environmental impacts of an industrial ecosystem as can be seen from the results of the case study.
The results of this research are being used by corporate engineering groups for regional economic, energy, environmental, and sustainable development planning for energy efficient and environmentally acceptable plants. They are able to convert the company’s goals and capital into viable projects that are profitable and meet energy and environmental requirements by developing and applying a regional methodology for cogeneration and conversion of greenhouse gases to saleable products. Engineers have a new technology to consider projects in depths significantly beyond current capabilities
Fourteen new energy-efficient and environmentally acceptable catalytic processes were identified that can use excess high purity carbon dioxide as a raw material available in a chemical production complex. The complex in the lower Mississippi River Corridor was used to show how these new plants could be integrated into this existing infrastructure using the Chemical Complex Analysis System.
Eighty-six published articles of laboratory and pilot plant experiments were reviewed that describe new methods and catalysts to use carbon dioxide for producing commercially important products. A methodology for selecting the new energy-efficient processes was developed based on process operating conditions, energy requirements, catalysts, product demand and revenue, market penetration, and economic, environmental, and sustainable costs. Based on the methodology for selecting new processes, 20 were identified as candidates for new energy efficient and environmentally acceptable plants. These processes were simulated using HYSYS, and a value added economic analysis was evaluated for each process. From these, 14 of the most promising were integrated in a superstructure that included plants in the existing chemical production complex in the lower Mississippi River corridor (base case).
The optimum configuration of plants was determined based on the triple bottom line that includes sales, economic, environmental, and sustainable costs using the Chemical Complex Analysis System. From 18 new processes in the superstructure, the optimum structure had 7 new processes including acetic acid, graphite, formic acid, methylamines, propylene, and synthesis gas production. With the additional plants in the optimal structure the triple bottom line increased from $343 to $506 million per year and energy use increased from 2,150 to 5,791 TJ/year.
Multicriteria optimization has been used with Monte Carlo simulation to determine the sensitivity of prices, costs, and sustainability credits/cost to the optimal structure of a chemical production complex. In essence, for each Pareto optimal solution, there is a cumulative probability distribution function that is the probability as a function of the triple bottom line. This information provides a quantitative assessment of the optimum profit versus sustainable credits/cost and the risk (probability) that the triple bottom line will meet expectations.
The capabilities of the Chemical Complex Analysis System have been demonstrated, and this methodology could be applied to other chemical complexes in the world for reduced emissions and energy savings. The System was developed by industry-university collaboration, and the program with users manual and tutorial can be downloaded at no cost from the Louisiana State University Mineral Processing Research Institute’s Web site.
The existing chemical production complex in the lower Mississippi River corridor (base case) was used as an actual industrial ecosystem that was modeled as a multiobjective optimization problem. The study conducted shows that Hierarchical Pareto Optimization can be used successfully for economic and environmental analysis of industrial ecosystems. This methodology provided a modular structure for the entire analysis, which makes it very flexible. As each member industry is modeled as a separate module, it is easy to add a new industry or remove one industry while analyzing the industrial ecosystem. It also provided information about the economic as well as the environmental performance of each member industry at each members’ Pareto Optimal solution. This allowed a more comprehensive analysis of the industrial ecosystems for more sustainable economic and environmental development of all the member industries.
While developing such a symbiosis of industries, it was vital to evaluate the environmental impacts of this symbiosis beforehand. This provided allowance for improving the design and establishing a more efficient industrial symbiosis. Further, if the environmental impacts of each process that is to be implemented in the industrial ecosystem are analyzed before hand for various design schemes, more informed decisionmaking is possible.
A case study conducted during this research work shows that TRACI can be used successfully to analyze the environmental impacts of an industrial ecosystem. A TRACI analysis gave details of the contribution of each plant in each impact category. Further, it was used to conduct a comparative analysis of different design schemes. The case-study for various production schemes using the chemical production complex in the lower Mississippi River corridor was analyzed and compared. Studies of the tradeoffs between various impact categories for various production schemes determined the ones that were more effective. LCA analysis can help in selecting the best scheme for the sustainable development of industrial ecosystems.
Future Activities:The methodologies and technologies generated during Year 1 of this project can be used in the development of economic, clean, and sustainable continuous processes for large-scale production of carbon nanotubes for advanced materials. These nanotube-manufacturing processes have all of the difficulties associated with the existing chemical processes, and all of the tools for pollution prevention and life cycle assessment can be used to assist in developing this new industry.
Journal Articles on this Report: 3 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other subproject views: | All 14 publications | 3 publications in selected types | All 3 journal articles |
| Other center views: | All 472 publications | 140 publications in selected types | All 123 journal articles |
| Type | Citation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Lou HH, Kulkarni MA, Singh A, Huang YL. A game theory based approach for emergy analysis of industrial ecosystem under uncertainty. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2004;6(3):156-161. |
R831276C014 (2004) |
not available |
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Lou HH, Kulkarni MA, Singh A, Hopper JR. Sustainability assessment of industrial systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2004; 43(15):4233-4242. |
R831276C014 (2004) |
not available |
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Xu A, Indala S, Hertwig TA, Pike RW, Knopf FC, Yaws CL, Hopper JR. Development and integration of new processes consuming carbon dioxide in multi-plant chemical complexes. Clean Technology and Environmental Policy 2005;7(2):97-115. |
R831276C014 (2004) |
not available |
carbon dioxide, emissions life cycle assessment, chemical complex optimization, carbon nanotubes, waste, ecological risk assessment, environmental engineering, hazardous waste, advanced treatment technologies, bioremediation, contaminated waste sites, groundwater contamination, petroleum contaminants, hydrocarbon,
,
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, Air, Sustainable Industry/Business, Scientific Discipline, POLLUTION PREVENTION, Chemical Engineering, Air Pollutants, Energy, Chemicals Management, air toxics, cleaner production/pollution prevention, Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Materials Science, nitrogen oxides (Nox), NOx stripping, clean technology, carbon dioxide, environmentally-friendly chemical synthesis, life cycle analysis, emission control strategies, green chemistry, alternative solvents, economic analysis, chemical industry, alternative chemical synthesis, chemical amalysis, cogeneration analysis, environmentally friendly technology, Total Cost Assessment, life cycle assessment, chemical synthesis, emissions control, energy efficiency, emission controls, air emissions
Relevant Websites:
http://dept.lamar.edu/gchsrc/ 
http://www.mpri.lsu.edu
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
CR831276 Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R822721C529 Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints: Risk Based Remediation Using Bioremediation
R822721C552 Degradative Solidification/Stabilization Technology for Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
R822721C569 Treatment and Product Recovery: Supercritical Water Oxidation of Nylon Monomer Manufacturing Waste
R822721C620 Colloidal Fouling of Membranes: Implications in the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastes and Water Reuse
R822721C626 Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Chlorinated Organics
R822721C627 The Interaction of Microbial Activity and Zero Valent Iron Permeable Barrier Technology
R822721C630 Microbial Cometabolism of Recalcitrant Chemicals in Contaminated Air Streams
R822721C633 Catalyst Lifetime Studies for Chlorocarbon Steam Reforming
R822721C635 Electrokinetic/Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Hydrophobic Pollutants in Low Permeability Subsurface Environments
R822721C636 Transformation Reactions of Nitroaromatic and Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds on Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Surfaces: Enhancement of GAC Adsorption in Natural and Engineered Environmental Systems
R822721C640 Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids
R822721C645 Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Model to Facilitate Risk-Based Corrective Action at Superfund Sites
R822721C651 Adjustable Biopolymer Chelators for Cadmium, Lead and Mercury
R822721C653 New Electrochemically Smart Catalysts for Hazardous Waste Management and Development of Capillary Electrophoresis for Analysis of their Products
R822721C655 Soil Sampling in South Alabama Oil Fields
R822721C659 Subsurface Contamination Site Characterization via a Computer-Aided Visual Tool
R822721C661 New Insoluble supports for Protein Immobilization for Use in Metalloprotein Affinity Metal Chromatography
R822721C663 Soil Remediation with Ultra-High-Efficiency Hydrocyclones
R822721C669 Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation in Supercritical Fluids
R822721C679 Regeneration/Reactivation of Carbon Adsorbents by Radio Frequency (RF) Induction Heating
R822721C687 Improved Halogen Resistance of Catalytic Oxidation
R822721C696 Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Land Contaminated By PAHs, PCBs, and TNT
R822721C697 Fundamental and Kinetic Investigation of Sorbent Technology for Optimum Mercury Emission Control
R822721C700 Effects of Natural and Cyclic Variations on Contaminant Fate and Transport
R822721C703 Enhancement of DNAPL Dissolution Rates by Dechlorinating Anaerobes
R826694C620 Colloidal Fouling of Membranes: Implications in the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastes and Water Reuse
R826694C625 Enhanced Treatment of DNAPLs Contaminated Soils and Groundwater Using Biosurfactants: In-Situ Bioremediation
R826694C626 Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Chlorinated Wastes
R826694C627 The Interaction of Microbial Activity and Zero Valent Iron Permeable Barrier Technology
R826694C629 Biofiltration of BTEX in Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Remediation Off-Gas
R826694C630 Microbial Cometabolism of Recalcitrant Chemicals in Contaminated Air Streams
R826694C633 Catalyst Lifetime Studies for Chlorocarbon Steam Reforming
R826694C635 Electrokinetic/Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Hydrophobic Pollutants in Low Permeability Subsurface Environments
R826694C636 Transformation Reactions of Nitroaromatic and Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds on Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Surfaces: Enhancement of GAC Adsorption in Natural and Engineered Environmental Systems
R826694C640 Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids
R826694C645 Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Model to Facilitate Risk-Based Corrective Action at Superfund Sites
R826694C651 Adjustable Biopolymer Chelators for Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Remeidation
R826694C659 Subsurface Contamination Site characterization Via a Computer-Aided Visual Tool
R826694C661 New Insoluble supports for Protein Immobilization for Use in Metalloprotein Affinity Metal Chromatography
R826694C669 Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation in Supercritical Reaction Media
R826694C679 Regeneration and Reactivation of Carbon Adsorbents by Radio Frequency Induction Heating
R826694C696 Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Land Contaminated By PAHs, PCBs, and TNT
R826694C697 Fundamental and Kinetic Investigation of Sorbent Technology for Optimum Mercury Emission Control
R826694C700 Effects of Natural Cyclic Variations on Contaminated Fate and Transport
R826694C703 Enhancement of DNAPL Dissolution Rates by Dechlorinating Anaerobes
R826694C705 A Pilot Plant for Producing Mixed Ketones from Waste Biomass
R826694C722 The Effects of an Oily-Phase on VOC Emissions from Industrial Wastewater
R826694C724 Mercury Removal from Stack Gas by Aqueous Scrubbing
R826694C725 Transport, Fate and Risk Implications of Environmentally Acceptable Endpoint Decisions
R826694C731 Development and Application of a Real-Time Optical Sensor for Atmospheric Formaldehyde
R826694C734 An Advanced System for Pollution Prevention in Chemical Complexes
R828598C001 Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast Texas Using Artificial Neural Network Technology
R828598C002 Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air Streams Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents
R828598C003 Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site Industrial Sewers
R828598C004 Biofiltration Technology Development
R828598C005 A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated with DNAPLs
R828598C006 In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated Vertical Drains
R828598C007 Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing Industry
R828598C008 Sequential Environments for Enhanced Bioremediation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
R828598C009 Waste Minimization in the Magnetic Tape Industry: Waterborne Coating Formulations for Magnetic Tape Manufacture
R828598C010 Soil Remediation by Agglomeration with Petroleum Coke
R828598C011 Recovery of Dilute Phosphoric Acid in Waste Streams Using Waste Gas Ammonia: The Regenerative MAP/DAP Process
R828598C012 Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
R828598C013 Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in Supercritical Fluids
R828598C014 Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB Contaminated Soils
R828598C015 Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
R828598C016 Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
R828598C017 Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low Generation of Hazardous Gases and High Thermal Efficiency
R828598C018 A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed Alcohol Fuels
R828598C019 Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
R828598C020 Ultrasonic Enhancement of the Removal of Heavy Metals
R828598C021 The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced Solidification/Stabilization Systems for Hazardous Waste Management
R828598C022 Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated Process To Treat a Chloro-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
R828598C023 A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
R828598C024 Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II: Process Optimization and Pathway Studies
R828598C025 Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process within a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
R828598C026 Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
R828598C027 Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Incinerated Lubricating Oils
R828598C028 Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using Catalytic Steam Reforming
R828598C029 Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation {Aerobic/Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
R828598C030 Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions from Industrial and Environmental Remediation Sources
R828598C031 Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
R828598C032 Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent Remediation
R828598C033 A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the Analytical Models
R828598C034 Hydrodynamic Modeling of Leachate Recirculating Landfill
R828598C035 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
R828598C036 Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed Incineration
R828598C037 Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line Optimization
R828598C038 Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
R828598C039 Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
R828598C040 Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance Research by Publishing on the World Wide Web
R828598C041 Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
R828598C042 Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border Approach
R828598C687 Improved Halogen Resistance of Catalytic Oxidation Through Efficient Catalyst Testing
R828598C696 Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Land Contaminated By PAHs, PCBs, and TNT
R828598C697 Fundamental and Kinetic Investigation of Sorbent Technology for Optimum Mercury Emission Control
R828598C700 Effects of Natural Cyclic Variations on Contaminated Fate and Transport
R828598C703 Enhancement of DNAPL Dissolution Rates by Dechlorinating Anaerobes
R828598C705 A Pilot Plant for Producing Mixed Ketones from Waste Biomass
R828598C722 The Effects of an Oily-Phase on VOC Emissions from Industrial Wastewater
R828598C724 Mercury Removal from Stack Gas by Aqueous Scrubbing
R828598C725 Transport, Fate and Risk Implications of Environmentally Acceptable Endpoint Decisions
R828598C731 Development and Application of a Real Time Optical Sensor for Atmospheric Formaldehyde
R828598C734 An Advanced System for Pollution Prevention in Chemical Complexes
R828598C743 Field Demonstration of Ultrasound Enhancement of Permeable Treatment Walls
R828598C744 Optical Fibers Coated With Titania Membrane/UV-Generating Crystal in a Distributed-Light Photoreactor for VOC Oxidation
R828598C749 Characterization and Modeling of Indoor Particulate Contaminants In a Heavily Industrialized Community
R828598C753 Adsolubilization and Photocatalysis in a Semiconducting Monolithic Reactor for Wastewater Treatment
R828598C754 Remote Detection of Gas Emissions in Industrial Processes
R828598C759 Searching for Optimum Composition of Phosphogypsum: Fly ash: Cement Composites for Oyster Culch Materials
R828598C761 Development of a Phytologically-Based Biosorptive Water Treatment Process
R828598C766 Chlorinated Solvent Impact and Remediation Strategies for the Dry Cleaning Industry
R828598C769 Soil/Sediment Remediation by Hot Water Extraction Combined with In-Situ Wet Oxidation
R828598C771 Fluoracrylate Polymer Supported Ligands as Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids
R828598C774 The Feasibility of Electrophoretic Repair of Impoundment Leaks
R828598C777 Surfactant Enhanced Photo-oxidation of Wastewaters
R828598C778 Stationary Power Generation Via Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Response to Pollution and Global Warming
R828598C786 Photocatalytic Recovery of Sulfur and Hydrogen From Hydrogen Sulfide
R828598C787 Biosurfactant Produced from Used Vegetable Oil for removal of Metals From Wastewaters and Soils
R828598C789 Genetic Engineering of Enzymatic Cyanide Clearance
R828598C791 Characterizing the Intrinsic Remediation of MTBE at Field Sites
R828598C799 Simultaneous Water Conservation/Recycling/Reuse and Waste Reduction in Semiconductor Manufacturing
R828598C801 Building Defined Mixed Cultures To Biodegrade Diverse Mixtures Of Chlorinated Solvents
R828598C802 Engineering of Nanocrystal Based Catalytic Materials for Hydroprocessing of Halogenated Organics
R828598C807 Commercial Demonstration of Hydrogen Peroxide Injection to Control NOx Emissions from Combustion Sources
R828598C809 Evaluating Source Grouting and ORC for Remediating MTBE Sites
R828598C810 Application of Total Cost Assessment To Process Design In the Chemical Industry
R828598C846 Quantitative Demonstration of Source-Zone Bioremediation in A Field-Scale Experimental Controlled Release System
R831276C001 DNAPL Source Control by Reductive Dechlorination with Fe(II)
R831276C002 Arsenic Removal and Stabilization with Synthesized Pyrite
R831276C003 A Large-Scale Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Ethanol on Groundwater Contamination
R831276C004 Visible-Light-Responsive Titania Modified with Aerogel/Ferroelectric Optical Materials for VOC Oxidation
R831276C005 Development of a Microwave-Induced On-Site Regeneration Technology for Advancing the Control of Mercury and VOC Emissions Employing Activated Carbon
R831276C006 Pollution Prevention through Functionality Tracking and Property Integration
R831276C007 Compact Nephelometer System for On-Line Monitoring of Particulate Matter Emissions
R831276C008 Effect of Pitting Corrosion Promoters on the Treatment of Waters Contaminated with a Nitroaromatic Compounds Using Integrated Reductive/Oxidative Processes
R831276C009 Linear Polymer Chain and Bioengineered Chelators for Metals Remediation
R831276C010 Treatment of Perchlorate Contaminated Water Using a Combined Biotic/Abiotic Process
R831276C011 Rapid Determination of Microbial Pathways for Pollutant Degradation
R831276C012 Simulations of the Emission, Transport, Chemistry and Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury in the Upper Gulf Coast Region
R831276C013 Reduction of Environmental Impact and Improvement of Intrinsic Security in Unsteady-state
R831276C014 Integrated Chemical Complex and Cogeneration Analysis System: Greenhouse Gas Management and Pollution Prevention Solutions
R831276C015 Improved Combustion Catalysts for NOx Emission Reduction
R831276C016 A Large-Scale Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Ethanol on Groundwater Contamination
R831276C017 Minimization of Hazardous Ion-Exchange Brine Waste by Biological Treatment of Perchlorate and Nitrate to Allow Brine Recycle
R831276C018 Integrated Chemical Complex and Cogeneration Analysis System: Greenhouse Gas Management and Pollution Prevention Solutions