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FIELD SAFETY COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK


Table of Contents

Introduction
Background
Overview
Roles
Proficiency Levels
Competency Definitions
Proficiency Level Matrix
Learning and Development Resources



Introduction

Highway safety is a major goal of our strategic plan, recognized as one of our core business areas and a departmental priority. The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA 21) and the restructuring of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) reinforce our priority for highway safety. A significant requirement of TEA 21 is the inclusion of safety as a planning factor for Transportation Improvement Programs (TIP) and Statewide Transportation Improvement Programs (STIP). Safety is also highlighted in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

The Safety at a Crossroads program review was a joint effort of the Office of Highway Safety Infrastructure and the Office of Program Quality Coordination. The review examined the initiatives and strategies for improving highway safety by Federal-aid and Motor Carriers in the field and Headquarter offices. These initiatives and strategies were not well identified, coordinated, understood nor accepted throughout the FHWA. As a result, the program review recommended that the Office of Highway Safety Infrastructure facilitate and lead an ongoing forum of FHWA headquarters and field offices. This forum will identify how the FHWA will implement the key highway safety strategies and performance measures.

Concurrently with the conduct of this program review, a Safety Integration Team was established. The mission of the team is to better integrate safety into all of the functions of the Federal-aid business. The team determined that the keys to implementing highway safety strategies and performance measures are: equipping the field staff with knowledge and tools and further mainstreaming safety into Federal-aid operations. The team also recommends the following:

 

The integration of safety into the "business" of FHWA requires employees at all levels of the organization to understand and fully consider the safety impacts of the decisions they are making. The field staff is the "front line" in achieving the goal of integrating safety and must be equipped with the proper safety knowledge and tools. This knowledge could range from a general understanding of the safety problem and potential solutions to detailed hands-on expertise on the safety impacts of design decisions or the effectiveness of safety programs. Similarly, the tools required could be safety statistics, safety awareness documents, design manuals, or computer software.

The safety knowledge and tools required will vary depending on the position and responsibility of the individual. The key is recognizing that all technical staff have a safety responsibility and that this is not just the responsibility of the Resource Center or Division safety engineer. For example, field leadership--Resource Center Directors and Division Administrators--have a clear understanding of the magnitude of the safety problem, the nature of this problem, opportunities for improvement, and their role in "making safety happen." General technical staff, while not safety experts, should have a deeper understanding of the impacts that various highway development and operations decisions can have on safety. They should provide the first level of safety assurance during program or project reviews. Finally, the safety specialist should have specific technical expertise in safety, as well as safety program knowledge. They should serve as the focal point for detailed information on highway safety, must be well read, trained in highway safety, and have a network that he/she can call upon for acquiring additional technical assistance.

A working group was established in late July 1998 to identify the safety technical core competencies, and develop a competency framework for the consideration of safety within any discipline. The work group includes:

Technical expertise, leadership, and support to the group was provided by the guidance team, Phyllis Young and Rudy Umbs of the Office of Highway Safety Infrastructure.

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Background

The number and rate of highway crashes remain as significant problems. The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) and the FHWA continue to identify highway safety as a top priority in policies and programs. The current strategic planning processes of both the USDOT and the FHWA identify highway safety as a priority. The 1998 FHWA strategic goals for safety are to continually improve highway safety, and achieve a 20 percent reduction in the number of fatalities and injuries in 10 years. It is critical that the safety specialist be equipped with the competencies to successfully meet this challenge.

Competencies are the areas of personal capability that enable people to perform successfully in their jobs. Competencies can be knowledge, skills, or abilities. The use of a system based on competencies can serve many purposes. Some of these purposes are to:

In addition to the field core competencies, there is a need identified to develop both headquarters competencies and technical career paths. These paths would provide a method for developing and recognizing national and international technical experts. There is a FHWA recommendation to develop a career ladder for technical experts. This career ladder or track provides for the identification and management of technical personnel to meet FHWA resource needs. It also includes selection criteria, target positions, rewards and recognition, development opportunities, progression based on merit, mentoring, and "ownership" by senior executives.

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Overview

The Safety Field Competency Framework will be used by FHWA employees, managers, leaders and by course developers to identify technical competencies required for successful performance and consideration of safety within any discipline. In addition, the framework identifies the learning and development activities that will assist in meeting and determining future skill needs.

The framework will also be used as a guide by program offices and course developers. The competencies will become the learning objectives of any future training course development and when identifying and recommending potential learning and development activities.

The Safety Field Competency Framework includes the following information:

Roles

There are 18 roles in the field that require some knowledge of Safety.

Proficiency Levels

Four levels of proficiency are defined: basic, intermediate, accomplished, and expert. These levels are what an individual needs to successfully perform his/her role in the agency. However, these levels of proficiency are NOT to be confused with levels of expertise. The expert level is needed by the agency as a whole, but does not need to be acquired by every individual in defined roles to perform satisfactorily. Thus, expert levels are not identified in this framework, but will be addressed by the career ladder/track effort.

Competencies

Fifty technical competencies are defined in six broad areas of: Program Administration, Safety or Risk Assessment, Safety Engineering, Safety Operations & Maintenance, Safety Technology, and Outreach.

Proficiency Requirements

A matrix shows the levels of proficiency for each role and competency.

Learning and Development Resources

This is information on learning and development resources relate to each competency. The list shows existing training resources from FHWA and other Federal and non-Federal sources.

Many areas require experience along with training. In addition, for some competencies, no training exists and either courses or orientations need to be develop. Sometimes, formal training in those areas may not be cost effective. This section also describes recommended developmental assignments for acquiring safety competencies.

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Roles

The competencies are targeted for the field roles in Federal-aid and Motor Carriers program areas that require some knowledge of safety. The 18 roles are:

Federal-aid
Field Safety Specialist
Design Engineer
Field Generalist Engineer- Area Engineer, District Engineer, Team Leader, etc.
Traffic Engineer
Field Technical Specialist- Bridge Engineer, Construction Engineer, Pavement Engineer, Materials Engineer, etc.
Division Administrator
Assistant Division Administrator
Planner
Environmentalist
Right-Of-Way Specialist
ITS Specialist
Resource Center Safety Specialist- NHTSA Liaison
Resource Center Director/Operation Manager
Motor Carriers
State Director
Federal Program Specialist
State Program Specialist
Hazardous Materials Specialist/Manager
Safety Specialist

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Proficiency Levels

Although the agency needs the expert level, individuals in the roles defined in the framework do not need to attain an expert level of proficiency to perform satisfactorily in these roles. Given these proficiency levels, staffing specialists and managers can determine the required level of proficiency, the current level of proficiency, and the knowledge or tools needed to bridge the gap, if any. The four levels of proficiency are defined:

Basic: Knowledge of the general discipline terms, concepts, processes, resources, and objectives.

Intermediate: Application of the concepts, principles, practices, and processes on a regular basis and comparable situations.

Accomplished: Greater depth of understanding and application to unique or precedent-setting situations requiring creativity, initiative, and judgement.

Expert: The expert level is not addressed in this framework, but will be included in the dual career track project.

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Competency Definitions

The framework identifies and defines the technical competencies common throughout the field, both in Federal-aid and Motor Carriers. The competencies are organized into six broad categories: Program Administration, Safety or Risk Assessment, Safety Engineering, Safety Operations & Maintenance, Safety Technology, and Outreach. While in most cases both Federal-aid (FA) and Office of Motor Carrier Safety (OMCS) have mutual definitions (# ), there are occasions when competency definitions are specific to these respective program areas (•).

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Knowledge of relevant safety program requirements and the basis for those requirements, possession of administrative and communication skills needed to adequately manage safety programs, and knowledge of available safety resources.

# Knowledge of Legislation and Programs - Knowledge of appropriate Federal regulations and program requirements, as contained in 23 U.S.C. and 23 CFR or 49 U.S.C. and 49 CFR and related legislation and regulations. This includes both a knowledge of how various Federal and State requirements impact safety programs, as well as knowledge of the direct requirements of FHWA and State safety programs. Also includes an Knowledge of the legislative process, including development and revision of legislation and regulations.
# Safety Administration and Policies - Interpretation and application of Federal and State laws, regulations, and policies as they relate to highway safety. Also includes coordination with safety partners to ensure program requirements are addressed.
# Safety Management - Knowledge of the processes and programs within a State (relating to the highway, the highway user, and the vehicle) that when integrated into highway development and operations can contribute to highway safety. Support and promotion of communication, cooperation, and coordination among appropriate organizations.
# Highway Program Finances/Funding Eligibility - Knowledge of Federal and other funds that may be used to enhance safety in programs and projects. Understanding of the application and regulatory requirements associated with the use of Federal and State funds for safety programs and projects.
# Research Program - Knowledge of current government and industry research initiatives in the highway safety arena and interpretation and application of safety research results. Understanding of safety research is initiated, conducted, and evaluated.
# (FA & OMCS) Pedestrian/Bicyclist Program - Knowledge and application of policies, requirements, and knowledge of good engineering practices, to ensure the safe accommodation of pedestrians and bicyclists. Also includes consideration of special user groups, including the elderly and handicapped, when assessing accommodations.
# 402 Program - Knowledge of the purpose and the requirements of the highway safety program established in 23 U.S.C. 402. Also includes provision of support and technical assistance to the State's Governor's Representative regarding highway or commercial motor vehicle safety.
# History of Safety Programs - Knowledge of the history of the FHWA Highway Safety Program, including major highway safety acts and their resultant programs. Knowledge of how each of these programs has evolved and how they affect current efforts to address highway safety.
# Work Zone Program - Knowledge and application of FHWA policy, requirements, and good engineering practices, that assure the safety of motorists, pedestrians, and workers on highway construction, maintenance and utility projects.
# Traffic Records - Knowledge of all the components that define a comprehensive traffic records systems (i.e., commercial driver license, crash records, driver file, roadway inventory files) and application of data management and crash reporting concepts to promote improved traffic records systems.
(FA) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Device (MUTCD) Standards - Knowledge of the role of FHWA in this national standard, the requirements for State adoption, and the process for revisions, interpretations, and experimentation.
(FA) Highway Safety Improvement Process (HSIP) - Knowledge of regulatory requirements and best practices relating to the planning, implementation, and evaluation components of federal-aid highway safety improvement projects, including those for the hazard elimination program and the railroad-highway grade crossing program.
(OMCS) Knowledge of Hazardous Materials Program - Knowledge of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) and programs. Knowledge of the application of the HMR's and various hazardous material shippers programs.
(OMCS) Investigation Techniques - Knowledge of investigative techniques including writing of investigation reports, handling civil forfeiture proceedings, appearance as a witness, submission of evidence, preparation of exhibits.
OMCS) Logistics - Knowledge of supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient and safe movement of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption.

SAFETY OR RISK ASSESSMENT

Knowledge of the procedures that involve the identification and evaluation of safety risks posed to a transportation system.

# Problem Identification - Knowledge of quantitative and qualitative methods to determine safety issues of significance. In addition, knowledge of the process to identify roadway segments and intersections that have the greatest need to be improved from a safety perspective.
# Countermeasure Selection - Knowledge of routine and unique techniques aimed at reducing the frequency and severity of crashes. Application of this knowledge to select and recommend appropriate strategies for given programs and situations.
# Evaluation Process - Knowledge of the steps taken to judge the effectiveness of safety improvements, programs and processes.
(OMCS) Risk Management - Knowledge of the process for defining possible actions to reduce or mitigate the identified risks, and the selection of the best overall set of actions that can be taken within the available resources aimed at reducing or eliminating the number and severity of highway crashes.
# Crash Data and Other Safety Analysis - Knowledge of how to analyze and interpret data to identify problems, select countermeasures and provide insight to safety issues.
# Crash Causation - Knowledge of methods to examine circumstances of a crash to determine its contributing factors and likely cause(s) as well as identify roadway elements that reduce the chance of driver error.

SAFETY ENGINEERING

Application of technology and scientific principles to incorporate safety in the highway development and operations and other modes of transportation.

Technology Transfer - Knowledge of technology transfer policies, principles, and resources to accelerate the implementation of new and innovative technology into routine practice by methods such as test and evaluation, demonstrations and showcasing, etc.
# Human Factors - Knowledge of human characteristics such as vision, hearing, reaction-time, etc.; causes of human information processing decrements and errors due to age, task performance requirements, time pressures, and amount and content of information to be handled.
# Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings - Knowledge of the safety engineering pertaining to the crossing of a roadway and railroad tracks. Knowledge of the characteristics of the crossing environment and the physical and operational improvements for safe and efficient use by both highway and rail traffic.
# Highway Capacity Analysis - Knowledge of the techniques to study the operational characteristics (traffic flow) of a facility.
(FA) Visibility - Knowledge of technology used to improve the conspicuity and/or legibility of an object.
(FA) Highway Safety Engineering Studies - Knowledge of processes used to evaluate identified highway safety issues including hazardous locations, safety deficiencies, and feasible countermeasures.
(FA) Roadside Design - Knowledge of policies and good engineering practices regarding the safety of the area outside the edges of the travel way. Includes a working knowledge of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation (AASHTO) Roadside Design Guide, Safety Design and Operations Guide and FHWA safety hardware approval process.
(FA) Access Management - Knowledge of the balance necessary to provide safe access to land development while simultaneously preserving the capacity and speed of traffic on the surrounding road system.
(FA) Roadway Lighting - Knowledge of fixed lighting that provides illumination of the roadway and the adjacent areas to improve visibility for roadway users.
(FA) Roadway Design - Knowledge of the relationship of roadway design elements and safety. Includes a knowledge of the AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets and related FHWA policies and guidance.
(FA) Road Safety Audit - Knowledge of the process in which an independent, qualified examiner(s) formally reports on the crash potential and safety performance of an existing or a future project which interacts with road users.
(FA) Traffic Pavement Markings and Signs - Knowledge of the requirements and process for the design, application and maintenance of traffic signs and pavement markings, including material selection and life-cycle cost analysis.
(FA) Traffic Signals - Knowledge of the requirements and process for the design, application and maintenance of traffic signals. In addition, knowledge of the warrants and operational elements (signal timing, cycle length, etc.) of traffic signals.

(FA) SAFETY OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

Application of technology and scientific principles to incorporate safety in the operations and maintenance of roadways, their networks, and other modes of transportation.

(FA) Incident Management - Understanding of the methods and benefits of implementing a proactive response to a roadway incident to improve the safety and efficiency for the traveling public.
(FA) Work Zone Traffic Control - Knowledge of the principles for design, placement, maintenance, and evaluation of proper traffic control plans and devices for work zones established by applicable standards and regulations, including those of the MUTCD.
(FA) Traffic Calming - Knowledge of the application of physical controls and other traffic engineering measures to constrain speed and enhance the street environment.
(FA) Roadside Safety Hardware - Knowledge of the engineering principles of how safety hardware functions and its application.
(FA) Traffic Management - Knowledge of the practices and principles to maximize efficiency of the movement of people and goods.
(FA) Traffic Control Devices - Knowledge of National (MUTCD) and State standards and practices related to signs, pavement markings, traffic signals, and other devices used to control traffic on roads open to the public.

(FA) SAFETY TECHNOLOGY

Comprehension and application of the scientific aspects of safety products used for highway systems and operations. Also includes deployment and transfer of new or improved technologies.

# Technology Transfer - Knowledge of technology transfer policies, principles, and resources to accelerate the implementation of new and innovative technology into routine practice by methods such as test and evaluation, demonstrations and showcasing, etc.
# Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) - Knowledge and application of emerging technologies used to improve mobility and safety.
# Information Management - Knowledge of the databases that contain statistics such as traffic records and road inventory data. Also includes access and manipulation of these databases for use in statistical analysis and safety studies.
(FA) Pavement Friction and Testing - Knowledge of the various pavement surface material textures, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and the ability to determine the best texture method and type of texturing that will result in friction numbers appropriate for safety purposes. Interpretation of friction numbers to determine if a pavement surface is providing adequate friction and knowledge of the various devices used to measure friction (i.e., skid trailer) along with the methods used to perform skid testing.
(FA) Railroad Crossing Traffic Control Devices - Knowledge of warning devices and systems used at railroad highway grade crossing.
(FA) Roadside Safety Hardware - Knowledge of the performance and crash testing of traffic barriers, crash cushions, luminaire supports, sign supports, and work zone devices.
(FA) Materials' Performance - Knowledge of the material properties that comprise traffic control devices and safety hardware (i.e., sign sheeting, pavement markings, etc.) Includes determination of the correct test methodology for each material along with a Knowledge of acceptable test standards.
(FA) Electronic Highway Traffic Control Devices - Knowledge of emerging and state-of-the-art electronic signal and messaging systems including traffic signals and variable message signs.

OUTREACH

Design, development and implementation of public-awareness activities aimed at educating safety partners and the general public about key highway safety issues.

# Safety Programs and Relationship with 4 E's - Promotion and coordination of engineering, enforcement, education and emergency medical services (4 E's) to enhance safety. Also includes the promotion and support of combined strategies in addressing identified highway safety issues.
# Safety Partners - Knowledge of all key safety partners, including transportation and/or safety agencies, safety advocacy groups, and safety service groups at the Federal, State and local level. Development and preservation of working relationships with identified safety partners.
# National Initiatives - Knowledge and support of identified national priority areas with safety partners (as appropriate).
# Marketing - Advancement of safety concepts and initiatives to ensure that both FHWA personnel safety partners are trained and educated on key safety issues.

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Proficiency Requirements

The matrix shows the 18 roles and the level of proficiency which each role requires, relative to the individual competencies. The three levels of proficiency, Basic, Intermediate, and Accomplished are not intended to represent different position levels. Their purpose is to capture the requirements of the role in general for proficiency in the competencies that make up the framework.

Proficiency Level Matrix

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Learning And Development Resources

(LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES)

Note:

(NLA) - No Longer Available
(NWU) - Northwestern University
(NHI) - National Highway Institute
(LTAP) - Local Technical Assistance Program
(ITE) - Institute of Traffic Engineers
(TRB) - Transportation Research Board
(NHTSA) - National Highway Safety Transportation Administration
(NSC) - National Safety Council
(ATSSA) - American Traffic Safety Services Association
(NTC) - National Training Center
(USDA) - United States Department of Agriculture: Graduate School

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

(FA & OMCS) Knowledge of Legislation and Programs

(FA & OMCS) Safety Administration and Policies

(FA & OMCS) Safety Management

(FA & OMCS) Highway Program Finances/Funding Eligibility

(FA & OMCS) Research Programs

(FA & OMCS) Pedestrian/Bicyclist Program

(FA & OMCS) 402 Program

(FA & OMCS) History of Safety Programs

(FA & OMCS) Work Zone Program

(FA & OMCS) Traffic Records

(FA) MUTCD Standards

(FA) HSIP

(OMCS) Knowledge of Hazardous Materials Program

(OMCS) Investigation Techniques

(OMCS) Logistic

(FA & OMCS) SAFETY OR RISK ASSESSMENT

(FA & OMCS) Evaluation Process

(FA & OMCS) Statistical/Data & Crash Analysis

(FA & OMCS) Crash Causation

(FA & OMCS) Problem Identification

(FA & OMCS) Countermeasures

(FA & OMCS) Safety Engineering

(FA & OMCS) Human Factors

(FA & OMCS) Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings

(FA & OMCS) Highway Capacity Analysis

(FA & OMCS) Visibility

(FA & OMCS) Highway Safety Studies

(FA) Roadside Design

(FA) Access Management

(FA) Roadway Lighting

(FA) Roadway Design

(FA) Road Safety Audit

(FA) Pavement Markings and Signst

(FA) Traffic Signals

(FA) Safety Operation & Maintenance

(FA) Incident Management

(FA) Work Zone Traffic Control

(FA) Traffic Calming

(FA) Roadside Safety Hardware

(FA) Traffic Management

(FA) Traffic Control Devices

(FA) Safety Technology

(FA & OMCS) Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)

(FA & OMCS) Information Management)

(FA) Pavement Friction and Testing

(FA) Railroad Crossing Traffic Control Devices

(FA) Roadside Safety Hardware

(FA) Materials' Performance

(FA) Electronic Highway Traffic Control Devices

(FA & OMCS) Outreach

(FA & OMCS) Safety Programs and Relationship with 4 E's

(FA & OMCS) Safety Partners

(FA & OMCS) National Initiatives

(FA & OMCS) Marketing

REFERENCES

Other Types of Sponsored Learning and Development Activities

Developmental Assignments

Individuals or management will identify developmental/rotational assignments to work in Headquarters or field offices on specific task(s) relating to the safety initiatives, FHWA strategic plans, or performance objectives. Assignments could range from two weeks to six months.

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