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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
(15 U.S.C. § 1) The United States of America, acting through its attorneys, charges: 1. Arthur Goldberg ("Goldberg") is hereby made a defendant on the charge stated below. During the period covered by this Count: 2. Goldberg resided in Bayside, New York. Goldberg was the vice president of sales at Loeb & Mayer, Inc. ("L&M"). He was first employed at L&M in approximately 1981. 3. L&M was a New York State corporation located in Arverne, New York. L&M was primarily a vendor of food. 4. The Board of Education of the City of New York ("NYCBOE") was the entity responsible for operating New York City's public school system, the largest in the United States. Its annual budgets, which approached $10 billion, were funded by the federal, state, and city governments. It serviced a student population of nearly 1.1 million and operated more than 1,500 facilities. It served approximately 640,000 lunches and 150,000 breakfasts every school day, the majority of which were subsidized by various government programs, primarily those programs established pursuant to the National School Lunch Act of 1946 and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture. 5. The NYCBOE solicited bids from, and awarded contracts to, vendors of food on a regular basis. The primary food contracts awarded by the NYCBOE were requirements contracts that obligated the vendors to supply and deliver food at the stated prices for the contract period. Both public and non-public schools received food pursuant to these contracts. Individual schools placed orders as needed, usually once or twice a week. 6. The NYCBOE sought separate bids, and awarded separate contracts, for the supply of a number of categories of food, including frozen food, produce, and groceries. Each of these bids and contracts was divided into parts, usually geographically by borough. The company bidding the lowest price for a particular part of a contract usually received an award for that part. The term of most of these contracts varied from three to six months. Toward the expiration of the contract period, the NYCBOE again solicited bids for the supply of food. 7. In addition to the contracts described in Paragraphs 5 and 6, the NYCBOE occasionally sought bids and awarded contracts for furnishing and delivering specified quantities of grocery and frozen food items to be warehoused. 8. The NYCBOE required bidders to certify, under penalty of perjury, that, among other things, the prices in their bids had been arrived at independently without collusion, consultation, communication, or agreement for the purpose of restricting competition as to any matter relating to such prices, with any other bidder or with any competitor. 9. Whenever in this Count reference is made to any act, deed, or transaction of any corporation, such allegation shall be deemed to mean that the corporation engaged in such act, deed, or transaction by or through its officers, directors, agents, employees, or other representatives while they were actively engaged in the management, direction, control, or transaction of its business or affairs. 10. Various persons and firms, not made defendants herein, participated as co-conspirators in the offense charged herein and performed acts and made statements in furtherance thereof. 11. During the period covered by this Count, L&M purchased substantial quantities of food, including frozen food, for resale to the NYCBOE from brokers, who ordered their goods on behalf of L&M from suppliers located throughout the United States. These suppliers commonly shipped the goods ordered by the brokers directly to L&M. 12. From approximately May 1996 until approximately April 1999, pursuant to contracts that are the subject of this Count, the NYCBOE purchased approximately $126 million of frozen food from members of the conspiracy, including approximately $21 million of frozen food from L&M. 13. The activities of the defendant and co-conspirators with respect to the sale of food to the NYCBOE, including the sale of frozen food pursuant to contracts that are the subject of this Count, were within the flow of, and substantially affected, interstate trade and commerce. 14. From approximately May 1996 until approximately April 1999, the exact dates being unknown to the United States, the defendant and co-conspirators engaged in a combination and conspiracy in unreasonable restraint of interstate trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act (Title 15, United States Code, Section 1). 15. The aforesaid combination and conspiracy consisted of a continuing agreement, understanding, and concert of action among the defendant and co-conspirators, the substantial terms of which were to rig bids and allocate contracts for the supply of frozen food to the NYCBOE. 16. For the purpose of forming and effectuating the aforesaid combination and conspiracy, the defendant and co-conspirators did those things which they combined and conspired to do, including, among other things:
17. The aforesaid combination and conspiracy was formed and carried out, in part, within the Southern District of New York within the five years preceding the filing of this Information. IN VIOLATION OF TITLE 15, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 1 (15 U.S.C. § 1) The United States of America further charges: 18. Paragraphs 1 through 3 and Paragraphs 9 and 10 of Count One of this Information are repeated, realleged, and incorporated in Count Two as if fully set forth in this Count. During the period covered by this Count: 19. Odyssey House, Inc. ("Odyssey House") was a not-for-profit residential substance abuse treatment organization located in Manhattan. Odyssey House received a significant portion of its funding from the State of New York. As a condition of that funding, the State of New York required Odyssey House to solicit at least three competitive bids before it purchased any items which, in the aggregate, totaled at least $3,000 during any 60-day period. Before purchasing most food items, including meat, Odyssey House solicited bids on a monthly basis from potential suppliers. 20. Aaron Lugo ("Lugo"), a co-conspirator, was the director of operations at Odyssey House. Lugo had primary responsibility for purchasing food, including meat. 21. "CC-1" was a co-conspirator that was a corporation located in Brooklyn, New York. CC-1 sold food, primarily meat, to Odyssey House. 22. During the period covered by this Count, L&M purchased substantial quantities of food, including meat, for resale to Odyssey House from brokers, who ordered their goods on behalf of L&M from suppliers located throughout the United States. These suppliers commonly shipped the goods ordered by the brokers directly to L&M. 23. From approximately late 1993 until approximately April 1998, as a result of the conspiracy charged in this Count, Odyssey House awarded contracts for the supply of meat worth a total of at least $1.385 million to L&M and to CC-1. L&M's share of those contracts totaled approximately $791,000; CC-1's share totaled approximately $594,000. 24. The activities of the defendant and co-conspirators with respect to the sale of meat to Odyssey House, pursuant to contracts that are the subject of this Count, were within the flow of, and substantially affected, interstate trade and commerce. 25. From approximately late 1993 until approximately April 1998, the exact dates being unknown to the United States, the defendant and co-conspirators engaged in a combination and conspiracy in unreasonable restraint of interstate trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act (Title 15, United States Code, Section 1). 26. The aforesaid combination and conspiracy consisted of a continuing agreement, understanding, and concert of action among the defendant and co-conspirators, the substantial terms of which were to rig the bids for and allocate contracts awarded by Odyssey House for the supply of meat. 27. For the purpose of forming and effectuating the aforesaid combination and conspiracy, the defendant and co-conspirators did those things which they combined and conspired to do, including, among other things:
28. The aforesaid combination and conspiracy was formed and carried out, in part, within the Southern District of New York within the five years preceding the filing of this Information. IN VIOLATION OF TITLE 15, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 1 (18 U.S.C. § 371) The United States of America further charges: 29. Paragraphs 1 through 3 and Paragraphs 9 and 10 of Count One of this Information are repeated, realleged, and incorporated in Count Three as if fully set forth in this Count. 30. From approximately March 1990 until approximately 1998, the exact dates being unknown to the United States, the defendant and co-conspirators did unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly conspire, combine, confederate, and agree to defraud the United States of America and to commit offenses against the United States of America, to wit, to violate Title 18, United States Code, Sections 1341 and 1346, all in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 371. 31. It was a further part and object of the conspiracy that Goldberg and his co-conspirators would and did defraud the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") by impeding, impairing, defeating, and obstructing the lawful governmental functions of the IRS in the ascertainment, evaluation, assessment, and collection of income taxes due from employees of certain customers of L&M, by impeding and impairing scrutiny by the IRS of the true total income of those employees by concealing the existence of cash kickbacks paid by Goldberg and other employees of L&M to them. 32. It was a further part and object of the conspiracy that Goldberg and his co-conspirators, having devised and intending to devise a scheme and artifice to (a) defraud certain customers of L&M; (b) obtain money and property from certain customers of L&M by means of false and fraudulent pretenses, representations, and promises; and (c) deprive certain customers of L&M of their right to the honest services of certain of their employees; executed the scheme and artifice by and through the use of the United States mails, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 1341 and 1346. CONSPIRACY WAS CARRIED OUT The manner and means by which the conspiracy was sought to be accomplished included, among others, the following: 33. During all or a part of the period from approximately March 1990 until approximately 1998, Goldberg, and other employees of L&M acting at Goldberg's direction, paid cash kickbacks to employees of approximately ten of L&M's customers. Most of these customers were not-for-profit organizations and many were funded by various government entities. The kickbacks ensured that L&M would receive a portion of the customers' contracts for the supply of food and discouraged the customers' employees from seeking to do business with other potential suppliers. 34. The employees receiving kickbacks had responsibility for the purchase of food. They included Aaron Lugo, director of operations at Odyssey House, Inc., a residential substance abuse treatment organization located in Manhattan; employees at a residential substance abuse treatment organization located in Queens, New York; and an employee at Project Return Foundation, a residential substance abuse treatment organization also located in Manhattan. The kickbacks were usually paid monthly and by the mid-1990s totaled between $3500 and $5000 per month. The amount of the kickback paid to each of the employees was usually calculated according to a percentage of the value of orders that their employer placed with L&M. One of the employees, however, received a "flat" kickback of $500 per month. 35. In exchange for the kickbacks, the employees receiving the kickbacks caused their employers to issue purchase orders to and pay invoices from L&M. These documents were often sent between the organization and L&M via the United States mails. In furtherance of the conspiracy, and to effect the objects thereof, the following overt acts were committed in the Southern District of New York, and elsewhere: 36. On numerous occasions between March 1990 and 1998, Goldberg paid cash kickbacks to Lugo at various locations in Manhattan. 37. On numerous occasions between the early 1990s and 1998, Goldberg paid cash kickbacks to employees of a residential substance abuse treatment organization located in Queens, New York. 38. On numerous occasions between the early 1990s and 1998, Goldberg paid cash kickbacks to an employee at Project Return Foundation at various locations in Manhattan. IN VIOLATION OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 371
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