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Cabezon Peak’s dramatic volcanic formation is one of the most well known landmarks in northwest New Mexico. With an elevation of 7,785 feet, the Peak is part of the Mount Taylor volcanic field and is the largest of 50 volcanic necks rising from the Rio Puerco Valley. Dramatic basaltic cliffs on Cabezon provide a close view of an ancient volcano. To the south, the land rises sharply to Mesa Chivato, with cool pine forests and elevations over 8,000 feet. Mesa Chivato is composed of basaltic lava flows that erupted from Mount Taylor 3.3 to 1.5 million years ago. The colorful Cretaceous shoreline and marine rock layers expose lava cap ends and the elevation drops quickly to the Arroyo Chico to the north. The Rio Puerco flows through Cabezon Country, passing close by Cerro Cuate before making a dramatic bend to the south.
The name “Cabezon” is derived from the Spanish noun “cabeza,” meaning “head,” and “Cabezon” translates as “big head.” The peak is believed to have religious significance for the Pueblo and Navajo Indians, and remnants of their visits still exist. The Navajos have various myths associated with Cabezon, one of which explains that the peak and local lava flows came from a giant who was slain upon Mount Taylor. The giant’s head became Cabezon Peak and his blood congealed to form the Malpais, or the “bad land” volcanic flow to the south.
Though the area is open year-round, roads in the region deteriorate rapidly in wet weather and high winds may diminish the quality of the recreation experience. Hardhats and sturdy boots are recommended when climbing the peak itself due to loose rocks.
Activities
Cabezon, rising nearly 2,000 feet above the valley floor, is a popular area for rock climbing and scrambling. The ascent of the chimney near the southeast portion is marked by cairns. A successful climb to the summit will reward you with an expansive view of the Rio Puerco Valley.
Facilities
None.
Location / Access
Entry into the area is best gained by turning westward from US 550 onto CR 279 approximately 20 miles northwest of San Ysidro. A green highway sign (labeled “San Luis – Cabezon – Torreon”) marks the turnoff. Continue 12 miles (southwest past the village of San Luis) to the Cabezon turn-off, onto BLM Road 1114. At the intersection of CR 279 and BLM 1114 you will pass by the privately-owned “ghost town” of Cabezon. Follow BLM 1114 south for 2.9 miles to the dirt route that leads east to the trailhead. High-clearance vehicles are recommended on this unmaintainted dirt road. Also, CR 279 and BLM 1114 are passable during dry conditions, but they can become slippery and rutted during wet seasons, or generally during late summer and winter.
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