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Intersection Safety
Background and Objectives
FHWA is initiating a new research focus area on intersection safety.
Intersection and intersection-related crashes consistently make up
a high proportion of total fatal crashes, up to 23 percent. More than
50 percent of the combined fatal and injury crashes occur at intersections.
AASHTO's Strategic Highway Safety Plan identifies "improving
the design and operation of highway intersections" as one of
its 22 strategies reducing highway deaths and injuries.
The objectives are to facilitate implementation of shorter-term strategies
and define and evaluate longer-term, higher-payoff strategies to improve
intersection safety. FHWA will identify the most common and severe
problems and compile information on the applications and design of
innovative infrastructure configurations and treatments at both signalized
and non-signalized intersections and at interchanges. This initial
effort should reveal strategic operational and research opportunities
to further intersection safety.
At-Grade Intersections
Non-Signalized and Signalized
Existing Products
- SUMMARY: Evaluation of Sign and Marking Alternatives for Displaced Left-Turn Lane Intersections, FHWA-HRT-08-071
- Two Low-Cost Safety Concepts for Two-Way Stop-Controlled, Rural Intersections on High-Speed Two-Lane, Two-Way Roadways, FHWA-HRT-08-063
- Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Validation: Final Report, FHWA-HRT-08-051, June 2008
- Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM)—Software User Manual, FHWA-HRT-08-050
- TechBrief: Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM), FHWA-HRT-08-049
- TechBrief: Drivers' Evaluation of the Diverging Diamond Interchange, FHWA-HRT-07-048
- TechBrief: Synthesis of the Median U-Turn Intersection Treatment, Safety, and Operational Benefits, FHWA-HRT-07-033
- TechBrief: Traffic Performance of Three Typical Designs of New Jersey Jughandle Intersections, FHWA-HRT-07-032
- Safety Evaluation of Red-Light Cameras—Executive Summary, April 2005, FHWA-HRT-05-049
- A Review of the Signalized
Intersections: Informational Guide, FHWA-HRT-04-092
- Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide, August 2004, FHWA-HRT-04-091
- Surrogate Safety Measures From Traffic Simulation
Models, FHWA-RD-03-050
- Validation of Accident Models for Intersections, May 2005, FHWA-RD-03-037
- Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left-
and Right-Turn Lanes, PDF, TechBrief,
FHWA-RD-02-089, July 2002
- Does Your Interchange Design Have You Going Around in Circle, Public Roads Magazine, November 2002.
- Roundabouts: An Informational Guide FHWA-RD-00-067,
June 2000.
- Advantages of the
Split Intersection Public Roads Magazine, May/June 2000
- Association
of Selected Intersection Factors with Red-Light-Running Crashes FHWA-RD-00-112, May 2000
- Crash Models for Rural Intersections: Four-Lane by Two-Lane Stop Controlled and Two-Lane by Two-Lane Signalized FHWA-RD-99-128, October 1999.
- Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Highways FHWA-RD-99-207, December 2000
- Statistical Model of At-Grade Intersection
Accidents - Addendum FHWA-RD-99-094, March 2000
- Accident Models for Two-Lane Rural
Roads: Segment and Intersections FHWA-RD-98-133, October 1998
- Modeling Intersection Crash Counts and Traffic Volumes FHWA-RD-98-096,
July 1998. Print copies may be obtained, if available, from NTIS
or by e-mailing report.center@fhwa.dot.gov
or faxing (301) 577-1421.
- Statistical Model of At-Grade Intersection Accidents FHWA-RD-96-125,
November 1996. Print copies may be obtained, if available, from
NTIS or by e-mailing report.center@fhwa.dot.gov
or faxing (301) 577-1421.
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Interchanges (Grade Separated)
Existing Products
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Ongoing Projects
- Expert System for Intersection Safety Analysis. The
objectives are to develop an intersections safety knowledge
base, and an implementation software to evaluate the safety
of 2x2-Lanes rural intersections, identify problems, and recommend
treatments. This product known as the Intersection Diagnostic
Review Module is part of the Interactive
Highway Safety Design Models (IHSDM)
Expected completion date: February, 2002.
- Safety Evaluation of Intersection Design Improvements.
The objectives are to evaluate the safety effects of left-turn and
right-turn improvements. The projects being evaluated include: 1)
Installation of a left-turn lane on one or more major-road approaches
to an existing intersection where no turn lane was present, 2) Installation
of a right-turn lane or right-turn channelizing island on one or
more major-road approaches to an existing intersection where no
turn lane was present, and 3) Installation of both left-turn and
right-turn lanes on one or more major-road approaches to an existing
intersection.
This research is a pooled-fund study with participation of highway
agencies from the following states: Iowa, Illinois, Louisiana, Minnesota,
Montana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon, and Virginia.
Expected completion date: June, 2002.
- Validation Of The Accident Models For Intersections. The
objective is to validate crash models for five types of rural intersections
to verify acceptable levels of accuracy and recalibrate them to
improve their accuracy in estimating crash frequencies and the impact
of design characteristics. The five specific models were developed
in these reports:
Accident Models for Two-Lane rural Roads:
Segments and Intersections; (Two Way Stop Controlled (TWSC)
intersections, 2x2-lanes 3-legs, and 4-legs) FHWA-RD-98-133.
Crash
Models for Rural Intersections: Four-Lane by Two-Lane Stop Controlled
(TWSC, 3-legs, and 4-legs) and Two-Lane by Two-Lane signalized.
FHWA-RD-99-128
Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance
of Rural Two-Lane Highways.
FHWA-RD-99-207
Expected completion date: August, 2002
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Projects Started in FY2001
- Guidelines For Signalized Intersections. The first objective
of this project is to synthesize safety and operational problems
and treatments, and develop guidelines for signalized intersections
with medium to high traffic flows. The second objective is to devise
a program of research for improving safety of signalized intersection
and in particular to set the stage for guidelines on non-conventional
intersection treatments.
Expected completion date: June, 2003
- Surrogate Safety Measures for Intersections. Surrogate
measures of safety will be investigated to develop a safety evaluation
logic for intersections. This intersection safety logic will eventually
be incorporated into traffic simulation models to evaluate the safety
of both conventional and innovative intersection treatments. Completed.
Surrogate Safety Measures From Traffic Simulation Models, FHWA-RD-03-050
- Vehicle Speed and Path through Roundabouts. Determine roundabout
design characteristics that affect driver selection of path and
speed through different kinds of roundabouts.
Expected completion date: June 2002
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Access Management
Ongoing Projects
Access Management Web site
Library
Access Management Manual (table of
contents)- The manual is sponsored by FHWA and managed by the TRB
Access Management Committee. The manual is being developed by the
Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of Florida. The
planned completion time is after the Summer of 2002.
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More Information |
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FHWA's Intersection site
Check out al Intersection Safety research articles & publications.
Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Validation: Final Report, FHWA-HRT-08-051, June 2008 
Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM)—Software User Manual, FHWA-HRT-08-050, July 2008
TechBrief: Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM), FHWA-HRT-08-049, May 2008
Interchange Safety Analysis Tool (ISAT): User Manual, FHWA-HRT-07-045, June 2007
Task Analysis of Intersection Driving Scenarios: Information Processing Bottlenecks, FHWA-HRT-06-033
Validation of Accident Models for Intersections, FHWA-RD-03-037,
May 2005
Safety Evaluation of Red-Light Cameras, FHWA-HRT-05-048, April 2005
Stop Red Light Running
FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center
Pedestrian & Bicyclist Safety Research
TFHRC's Federal Outdoor Impact Lab (FOIL)
TFHRC's Geometric Design Laboratory
TFHRC's Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) Web site and Laboratory Description
TFHRC's Human Centered Systems Laboratory
TFHRC's Human Centered Systems Research
TFHRC's Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM)
TFHRC's Photometric and Visibility Laboratory
FHWA's Office of Safety
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