CONTENTS

• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Executive Summary
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• Scope and Intent of Present Document
• Key Questions in ESA Evaluations
• The "Species" Question
• The "Extinction Risk" Question
• Summary of Information Presented by the Petitioner
• Stock Structure
• Risk of Extinction
• Pacific Hake
• Distinct population segments
• Extinction risk
• Pacific Cod
• Distinct population segments
• Extinction risk
• Walleye Pollock
• Distinct population segments
• Extinction risk
• Approaches to the Species Question and to Determining Risk
• The Species Question
• Habitat Characteristics
• Phenotypic and Life History Traits
• Mark/Recapture Studies
• Morphological Differentiation
• Genetic Differentiation
• Statistical methods
• Relationship of DPS and Stock Concepts
• Evaluating Risk of Extinction
• Absolute Numbers
• Historical Abundances and Carrying Capacity
• Trends in Abundance
• Factors Influencing Abundance
• Threats to Genetic Integrity
• Climate Variability
• Environmental History and Features of Puget Sound
• Introduction
• Geological and Climatic History
• Geological History
• Climatic History
• Oceanographic and Geomorphological Features
• Northern Puget Sound
• Bathymetry and geomorphology
• Sediment characteristics
• Currents and tidal activity
• Water quality
• Macro vegetation
• Urban, industrial, and agricultural development
• Main Basin
• Bathymetry and geomorphology
• Sediment characteristics
• Currents and tidal activity
• Water quality
• Macro vegetation
• Urban, industrial, and agricultural development
• Whidbey Basin
• Bathymetry and geomorphology
• Sediment characteristics
• Currents and tidal activity
• Water quality
• Macro vegetation
• Urban, industrial, agricultural, and development
• Southern Puget Sound
• Bathymetry and geomorphology
• Sediment characteristics
• Currents and tidal activity
• Water quality
• Macro vegetation
• Urban, industrial, and agricultural development
• Hood Canal
• Bathymetry and geomorphology
• Sediment characteristics
• Currents and tidal activity
• Water quality
• Macro vegetation
• Urban, industrial, and agricultural development
• Marine Species in Puget Sound
• Marine Statistical Areas
• Georgia Basin
• Physical Features of the Strait of Georgia
• Marine Zoogeographic Provinces
• Pacific Hake
• General Biology
• Geographical distribution
• Migrations
• Reproduction and development
• Trophic interactions
• Size and age distributions
• Phenetic and Genetic Information Relating to the Species Question
• Life History Information
• Pre-historical and historical persistence in Puget Sound
• Spawning location and spawn timing
• Tagging and distribution
• Seasonal migrations
• Year class strength
• Parasite incidence
• Growth rate and body size
• Length and age at maturity
• Length frequencies
• Fecundity
• Morphological Differentiation
• Morphometric discrimination
• Shape and size of the otolith
• Genetic Information
  • Genetic population structure of hake species
  • Pacific hake genetics
• Information Relevant to the Pacific Hake DPS Question
• Discussion and Conclusions for Pacific Hake DPS Determinations
• Assessment of Extinction Risk
• Introduction
• Information on Abundance and Composition
• Port Susan
• Canadian portion of the Strait of Georgia
• Risk Assessment
• Port Susan
• Georgia Basin DPS
• Environmental risks to the Georgia Basin Pacific hake DPS
• Summary and Conclusions of Georgia Basin Pacific Hake Risk Assessment
• Pacific Cod
• General Biology
• Geographical distribution
• Migrations
• Reproduction and development
• Trophic interactions
• Size and age distributions
• Phenetic and Genetic Information Relating to the Species Question
• Life History Information
• Pre-historical and historical persistence in Puget Sound
• Puget Sound to Dixon Entrance
• Spawning location and spawn timing
• Puget Sound to Dixon Entrance
• Gulf of Alaska
• Bering Sea
• Sea of Okhotsk to Korea
• Pacific cod management stocks
• Tagging and distribution
• Seasonal migrations
• Parasite incidence
• Growth rate
• Length and age at maturity Length frequencies
• Fecundity and egg size
• Morphological Differentiation
• Morphometric discrimination
• Genetic Information
• Pacific cod
• Comparative genetic information for Atlantic cod
• Information Relevant to the Pacific Cod DPS Question
• Discussion and Conclusions on Pacific Cod DPS Determinations
• Assessment of Extinction Risk
• Population Status and Trends
• Puget Sound
• British Columbia
• Gulf of Alaska
• West Coast of U.S.
• Summary and Conclusions of Pacific Cod Risk Assessment
• Walleye Pollock
• General Biology
• Geographical distribution
• Migration
• Reproduction and development
• Trophic interactions
• Size and age distributions
• Phenetic and Genetic Information Relating to the Species Question
• Life History Information
• Pre-historical and historical persistence in Puget Sound
• Spawning location and spawn timing
• Puget Sound
• British Columbia
• Alaska
• Bering Sea
• Asia
• Walleye pollock management stocks
• Tagging and distribution
• Seasonal migrations
• Parasite incidence
• Growth rate and body size
• Length and age at maturity
• Length frequency analysis
• Otolith elemental composition
• Fecundity and egg size
• Morphological Differences
• Meristic and morphometric variability
• Genetic Information
• Information Relevant to the Walleye Pollock DPS Question
• Discussion and Conclusions on Walleye Pollock DPS Determinations
• Assessment of Extinction Risk
• Population Status and Trends
• Puget Sound
• British Columbia
• Gulf of Alaska
• Summary and Conclusions of Walleye Pollock Risk Assessment
• Citations
• Appendix A: Life History Tables
• Appendix B: Projections for Port Susan Pacific Hake Population
• Glossary

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