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2002 Progress Report: Novel Approaches For Prevention And Control For Trace Metals
EPA Grant Number: R827649C004Subproject: this is subproject number 004 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R827649
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Center for Air Toxic Metals® (CATM®)
Center Director: Groenewold, Gerald
Title: Novel Approaches For Prevention And Control For Trace Metals
Investigators: Mann, Michael D. , Keuther, Kaleb , Kozliak, Eugene , Pavlish, John H. , Sternberg, Steven , Timpe, Ronald C.
Institution: University of North Dakota
EPA Project Officer: Stelz, Bill
Project Period: October 15, 1999 through October 14, 2002
Project Period Covered by this Report: October 15, 2001 through October 14, 2002
RFA: Center for Air Toxic Metals (CATM) (1998)
Research Category: Targeted Research
Description:
Objective:The overall objective of this research project, conducted by the Center for Air Toxic Metals (CATMSM), is to address air toxic trace element emissions that have become a matter of worldwide concern, as well as a regulatory issue in the United States. The goal of CATMSM is to develop key information on air toxic metal compounds to support the development and implementation of pollution prevention and control strategies that will effectively reduce air toxic metal emissions and releases to the environment.
The specific objective of this research project is to develop new approaches for prevention and control for trace metals.
Progress Summary:Development of Mercury Control Technologies. This research project focuses on developing and testing promising sorbents and catalysts that have high reactivities to provide rapid in-duct mercury capture or oxidation when injected upstream of a particulate control device. In-duct capture sorbents will provide a useful method for both electrostatic precipitators and baghouses, and the ability to oxidize mercury will make scrubbers more effective in removing mercury. A dual functionality model for mercury-flue gas interactions with carbon sorbents has been developed. This model shows a 2-step oxidation and capture process. Certain acid gases are needed for the oxidation step. As mercury is captured, SO2 poisons the binding site for Hg(II) on the sorbent surface and leads to breakthrough. The mercury emitted from the sorbent after breakthrough is an entirely oxidized mercury species, consistent with the model.
Tests were completed with an entrained-flow reactor to evaluate the effect of residence time on the level of oxidation of mercury when coal is burned in the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) pilot-scale combustion test facility. Results showed that both lower temperature and longer residence time lead to a higher fraction of oxidized mercury. Entrained-flow reactor tests also demonstrated the effect of residence time and carbon injection rate on in-flight capture of mercury when activated carbon is injected into the flue gas stream.
The EERC fixed thin-bed reactor has been used for several years as an approach to evaluate a variety of sorbents. Little testing of this system with real flue gas had previously been completed. Direct comparison tests were completed that sampled real and simulated flue gas. The simulated flue gas results were similar to the real flue gas results, and provided confidence that the fixed thin-bed test protocol is a valid approach to screen and compare sorbents.
Supplemental Keywords:air, toxic, air quality, control, modeling, database, emissions, environment, hazardous, mercury, metals, pollutants, pollution, sampling, measurement, species, transformations. , Toxics, Air, Sustainable Industry/Business, Scientific Discipline, Waste, RFA, Remediation, Engineering, Chemistry, & Physics, EPCRA, Chemical Engineering, HAPS, Incineration/Combustion, air toxics, Environmental Engineering, cleaner production/pollution prevention, Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry and Materials Science, National Recommended Water Quality, 33/50, arsenic, Arsenic Compounds (inorganic including arsine), heavy metals, sulfur, supercritical water extraction, cadmium & cadmium compounds, Cadmium Compounds, hazardous air pollutants, lead, pollution control technologies, trace metals, air pollutants, Fluorine, lead & lead compounds, mercury & mercury compounds, waste incineration, mercury , mercury, air pollution control, sub critical water extraction, tannery waste, Chlorine, emission controls, pollution prevention, Selenium, toxic metals
Relevant Websites:
http://www.undeerc.org 
http://www.undeerc.org/catm/catm_home.html
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
R827649 Center for Air Toxic Metals® (CATM®)
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R827649C001 Development And Demonstration Of Trace Metals Database
R827649C002 Nickel Speciation Of Residual Oil Ash
R827649C003 Atmospheric Deposition: Air Toxics At Lake Superior
R827649C004 Novel Approaches For Prevention And Control For Trace Metals
R827649C005 Wet Scrubber System
R827649C006 Technology Commercialization And Education
R827649C007 Development Of Speciation And Sampling Tools For Mercury In Flue Gas
R827649C008 Process Impacts On Trace Element Speciation
R827649C009 Mercury Transformations in Coal Combustion Flue Gas
R827649C010 Nickel, Chromium, and Arsenic Speciation of Ambient Particulate Matter in the Vicinity of an Oil-Fired Utility Boiler
R827649C011 Transition Metal Speciation of Fossil Fuel Combustion Flue Gases
R827649C012 Fundamental Study of the Impact of SCR on Mercury Speciation
R827649C013 Development of Mercury Sampling and Analytical Techniques
R827649C014 Longer-Term Testing of Continuous Mercury Monitors
R827649C015 Long-Term Mercury Monitoring at North Dakota Power Plants
R827649C016 Development of a Laser Absorption Continuous Mercury Monitor
R827649C017 Development of Mercury Control Technologies
R827649C018 Developing SCR Technology Options for Mercury Oxidation in Western Fuels
R827649C019 Modeling Mercury Speciation in Coal Combustion Systems
R827649C020 Stability of Mercury in Coal Combustion By-Products and Sorbents
R827649C021 Mercury in Alternative Fuels
R827649C022 Studies of Mercury Metabolism and Selenium Physiology