Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AAOS: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
ACOVE: Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders
ACS: American Cancer Society
ACSM: American College of Sports Medicine
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
AD: autosomal dominant
AGS: American Geriatrics Society
AHRQ: Agency for Health Care Research and Quality
AI: adequate intakes
AIAN: American Indian and Alaska Native
AR: autosomal recessive
BH/BH: Bone Health/Body Health
BMD: bone mineral density
BSAP: bone specific alkaline phosphatase
BUA: broadband attenuation
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEE: conjugated equine estrogens
CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal
CME: continuing medical education
CMS: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
CNS: central nervous system
COPE: computerized physician order entry
CTx: C-terminal collagen crosslinked peptides
DASH: Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
DOT: Department of Transportation
Dpd: free deoxypyridoline crosslinks
DRG: diagnosis-related group
DTCA: direct-to-consumer advertising
DV: daily value
DXA: dual x-ray absorptiometry
E + P: estrogen-progestin combination
ECF: extracellular fluid
EPESE: Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly
FDA: Food and Drug Administration
fl oz.: fluid ounce
FNB: Food and Nutrition Board
g/cm2: grams per centimeter squared
GIO: glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
gm: gram
GnRH: gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
HEDIS: Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
HMO: health maintenance organization
HOPE: Health, Osteoporosis, Progestin, Estrogen
HRR: hospital referral regions
HRSA: Health Resources and Services Administration
HT: hormone therapy
IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1
IOM: Institute of Medicine
IPA: independent practice association
ISCD: International Society for Clinical Densitometry
IU: international units
kg: kilogram
m-CSF: macrophage colony stimulating factor
mg: milligram
MilkPEP: Milk Processor Education Program
ml: milliliter
MM: multiple myeloma
MMA: Medicare Modernization Act
MPA: medroxyprogesterone
NAWHO: National Asian Women’s Health Organization
NBHC: National Bone Health Campaign
NCDPH: North Carolina Department of Public Health
NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program
NCHS: National Center for Health Statistics
NCI: National Cancer Institute
NCQA: National Committee for Quality Assurance
ND: not determinable
NDC: National Dairy Council
NDDIC: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
NGC: National Guideline Clearinghouse
NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NHDS: National Hospital Discharge Survey
NIA: National Institute on Aging
NICHD: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
NIDCR: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
NIH: National Institutes of Health
NIHORBD~NRC: National Institutes of Health, Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases~National Resource Center
NJDHSS: New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services
NOF: National Osteoporosis Foundation
NORA: National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment
NTX: N-telopeptide of type I collagen
OI: osteogenesis imperfecta
OMBDC: Saint Barnabas Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease Center
OPG: osteoprotegerin
ORAI: Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument
OST: Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool
OTA: Office of Technology Assessment
OTA: Orthopaedic Trauma Association
OWH: Office on Women’s Health
oz.: ounce
PA: physical activity
PDSA: Plan, Do, Study, Act
pDXA: peripheral dual x-ray absorptiometry
PE: physical education
PEPI: Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions
PICP: carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen
PINP: aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen
pkt: packet
pQCT: peripheral quantitative computed tomography
PROOF: Prevent Recurrence of Osteoporotic Fractures
PTH: parathyroid hormone
PTHrP: parathyroid hormone-related protein
Pyd: free and total pyridinolines
QALY: quality-adjusted life year
QCT: quantitative computed tomography
QOL: quality of life
QUS: quantitative ultrasound
RA: radiographic absorptiometry
RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand
RDA: recommended daily allowance
RPCT: randomized placebo-controlled trial
RSVP: New Jersey Association of Retired and Senior Volunteer Program Directors
SCORE: Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation
SD: standard deviation
SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator
SHPPS: School Health Policies and Programs Study
SOS: speed of sound
SPF: sun protection factor
SXA: single x-ray absorptiometry
Tbsp: tablespoon
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
UL: upper intake levels
USDA: United States Department of Agriculture
USDHHS: United States Department of Health and Human Services
USP: United States Pharmacopoeia
USPSTF: United States Preventive Services Task Force
USRDS: United States Renal Data System
WHI: Women’s Health Initiative
WHO: World Health Organization
WIC: Women, Infants, and Children Program
yr: year

Published: October 14, 2004

Previous | Table of Contents | Next