Technical Abstract: During the course of a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence phylogenetic evaluation of putative Glycomyces strains held in the ARS Culture Collection strain NRRL B-16338T was discovered that is phylogenetically near to the genus Glycomyces, but apparently is not a member of this or any of the other currently described actinomycete genera. The strain was subjected to a polyphasic study using standard methods for chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological evaluation and exhibited chemotaxonomic characteristics distinct from Glycomyces in spite of having 16S rRNA sequence homology of 92% with the described species of this genus. Sugars determined from capillary gas chromatography of alditol acetates from whole cell hydrolysates of NRRL B-16338 T consisted of ribose and inositol, with traces of arabinose and mannose. The phospholipids observed were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, and menaquinones consisting of MK-10(H4), MK-10(H6), MK-11(H4), and MK-11(H6). A significant quantity (14.5%) of 17:0 anteiso 2-hydroxy fatty acid was observed in the fatty acid profile of this strain. These characteristics clearly differentiate NRRL B-16338T from members of the genus Glycomyces and it is proposed that the strain represents a new genus within the order Actinomycetales to be called Stackebrandtia gen. nov. Strain NRRL B-16338T was originally isolated from a soil sample collected in Nassau, Bahamas, and it is proposed that the type species of the genus should be named Stackebrandtia nassauensis. The strain has also been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH under the accession number DSM 44728T.