Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity (FAA 118 and 119) Analyses
The U.S. Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961, as amended by Sections 118 and 119, requires that all USAID Missions conduct a periodic country analysis of the conservation and sustainable use of tropical forests and biological diversity. Specifically, FAA Sections 118 and 119 require that all country plans include:
- an analysis of the actions necessary in that country to achieve conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests (118) and conserve biological diversity (119); and
- the extent to which current or proposed USAID actions meet those needs
By mandating these analyses, Congress is recognizing the fundamental role that tropical forests and the conservation of biodiversity play in sustainable development.
These analyses have a number of benefits to USAID Missions. Information from reviews carried out to satisfy Sections 118 and 119 may be useful background for choosing forestry activities as well as conservation priorities and targets and selecting the scale and sites at which to work. They can also help to identify threats, stakeholders, and potential partners. The usefulness of Section 118 and 119 analyses in planning forestry and biodiversity conservation activities, as well as activities related to poverty alleviation, agriculture, democracy and governance, and natural resource based conflict is improved when they are conducted at an early stage in the strategic planning process for USAID programs. Environment Officers should plan ahead and push for the early start of these reviews.
The following two reports can assist USAID Missions and partners plan for and conduct successful Sections 118 and 119 Analyses.
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Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity (FAA 118 and 119) Analyses: Lessons Learned and Best Practices from Recent USAID Experience (656KB PDF). |
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Best Practices for Biodiversity and Tropical Forest Assessments (508KB PDF) |
The first publication provides a broad overview of Section 118 and 119 analyses, including elements of best practices, and a framework for analyses. Many examples of best practice elements are included, as well as useful tools such as key analytical questions to ask when conducting an analysis; model Scope(s) of Work, and a model report table of contents. The report provides wider lessons learned and more standardized, but still flexible ways of conducting these required analyses so as to tailor them to mission needs.
The second report is written by an implementing partner with extensive experience developing 118 and 119 analyses, and shares key lessons and helpful tips for conducting an analysis, as well as how to make them more useful.
Examples of current Section 118 and 119 Analyses can be found here:
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