|
DEA
Congressional Testimony
Statement
by:
Errol J.
Chavez
Special Agent in Charge
San Diego Field Division
Drug Enforcement Administration
Before
the:
House Committee
on Government Reform: Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial
Management, and Intergovernmental Relations
Date:
April 13,
2001
Note: This document
may not reflect changes made in actual delivery.
Good Morning Chairman
Horn, Congressman Souder and other distinguished members of this subcommittee.
Thank you for the opportunity to address this subcommittee on our efforts
to interdict drugs coming into California and the coordination of these
efforts with state and local law enforcement counterparts. Before I start,
on behalf of Administrator Marshall I would like to thank you for your
consistent support of the DEA in carrying out our mission of enforcing
the nation's drug laws.
Let me begin by saying
the 140-mile border between California and Mexico, and the Southwest Border
in general, is considered an extremely porous part of our nation's periphery.
Unfortunately, the growing volume of commercial and pedestrian traffic
that plays an integral role in our nation's economy creates an infinite
number of opportunities for drug trafficking organizations to introduce
their illegal goods into the commerce of the United States. Illegal drugs
are hidden in all modes of conveyances, including the compartments of
cars and trucks, and the bodies and baggage of pedestrians. Some organizations
may employ couriers who cross the desert in armed pack trains, or who
act as human "mules" by strapping the drugs onto their bodies. The means
by which illegal drugs enter the United States range from extremely sophisticated
concealment methods to simply tossing the drug laden package over border
fences to be whisked away on foot or by vehicle. Drug trafficking organizations
also utilize boats and ships to position their stash of drugs close to
the border for eventual transfer to the United States.
Illicit drugs are
smuggled in record levels into the United States via the U.S./Mexico border.
Over the past few years, Mexican based trafficking organizations have
succeeded in establishing themselves as the preeminent poly-drug traffickers
of the world, using our shared border to smuggle illicit drugs into the
United States. These organizations present an increasing threat to the
national security of this country, with voluminous amount of drugs, violent
crime, and the associated corruption of public officials in Mexico. Mexico
is the largest transshipment point of South American cocaine destined
for the United States, and 65% of this cocaine reaches American cities
via the U.S./Mexico border. Mexico also remains a major source country
for heroin and marijuana, and many of these Mexican based trafficking
organizations are utilized by Colombian Cartels to transship drugs destined
for the United States.
Assessing
the Threat: The Role of the U.S./Mexico Border in
the Drug Trade
The drug threat presented
by the U.S./Mexico Border is fairly consistent with the national drug
threat, and to a certain extent, defines the overall drug threat against
our nation. Clearly, the most distinguishable threat is the transformation
and emergence of Mexican based trafficking organizations, whose activities
now reach the highest echelons of the cocaine trade. Previously limited
to marijuana and Mexican heroin smuggling, Mexican based groups have expanded
and profited by maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship with Colombian
based traffickers.
These recent trends
illustrate the vulnerability of the California/Mexico Border to Colombian
and Mexican based trafficking organizations intent on introducing drugs
into the United States market:
- Cocaine is primarily
transported from South America by vessel to the West Coast of Mexico
and, to a lesser extent, the Yucatan peninsula, which is situated in
the southeast portion of Mexico adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico. The
use of vessels to transport bulk shipments of cocaine represents a departure
from the use of such modes of transportation as private aircraft and
trucks utilized by drug transporters over the past two decades. From
Mexico, bulk shipments of cocaine are then trucked to the United States,
oftentimes secreted in produce and other perishable shipments.
- Mexican black
tar heroin is being smuggled into the United States in larger quantities
than in the past; multi-kilogram seizures of heroin are becoming increasingly
commonplace.
- South American
heroin is transported by courier on commercial airlines or by private
aircraft from South America to Mexico, and then by commercial airline
or by private or commercial vehicle to the United States.
- The DEA Tijuana
Resident Office (TJRO) reported that 13 methamphetamine labs had been
seized in Baja, California thus far in Fiscal Year 2001 as compared
with three (3) seizures in Fiscal Year 2000.
- MDMA is being
smuggled into Mexico for ultimate transshipment to the United States.
- On February 26,
2001, U.S. Customs and DEA investigated the discovery of a 25-foot tunnel
that took advantage of drainage lines that connect the U.S. and Mexico.
A total of 375 kilograms of cocaine were recovered as a result of this
effort.
Cocaine Trafficking
across the U.S./Mexico Border
Through the 1980's,
most of the cocaine that entered the United States did so through the
Caribbean and South Florida. Increased enforcement and interdiction efforts,
however, forced traffickers to shift the majority of their smuggling operations
to Mexico, a move that led DEA and other Federal agencies to mobilize
along the U.S./Mexico Border. According to a recent interagency intelligence
assessment, approximately 65 percent of the cocaine smuggled into the
United States in 2000 crossed the U.S./Mexico Border.
Colombian-based organizations
rely on Mexican-based groups in locations such as Guadalajara, Juárez,
Matamoros, Sinaloa, and Tijuana to convey their cocaine into the United
States. Mexican trafficking organizations have established themselves
as transportation specialists for smuggling drugs across the U.S./Mexico
Border. Frequently, these trafficking organizations are comprised of poly-drug
smugglers who transport marijuana, methamphetamine, and heroin in addition
to cocaine.
Over the past decade,
Colombian-based drug lords and Mexican-based trafficking organizations
have entered into a symbiotic relationship that has resulted in the Mexican-
based traffickers playing an increasing role in the cocaine trade. Under
this arrangement, Mexican-based traffickers often receive shipments of
cocaine directly from Colombian- based organizations, and contract with
the source to deliver a portion of the shipment to a contact of the Colombian-based
network operating in the United States. The Mexican- based traffickers
are allowed to keep the balance of the cocaine shipment as payment for
their services and transport the shipment to Mexican-controlled wholesale
distribution networks that principally operate in the Western United States.
By the mid-1990's,
Mexican-based transportation groups were receiving as payment up to one-half
of each cocaine shipment they smuggled into the United States on behalf
of the Colombian-based traffickers. By relinquishing a portion of the
cocaine destined for the U.S. market to Mexican-based drug organizations,
as opposed to attempting to unilaterally control every aspect of importation
and distribution, Colombian-based drug lords radically changed the role
and sphere of influence of Mexican based trafficking organizations in
the cocaine trade. In doing so, the Colombian-based traffickers have minimized
their risk of exposure to U.S. law enforcement authorities, and provided
Mexican-based traffickers with a valuable source of revenue and domestic
customers.
As a consequence
of this development, traffickers operating from Mexico now control a substantial
proportion of wholesale cocaine distribution throughout the Western and
Midwestern United States. Distribution of multi-ton quantities of cocaine
once dominated by the Colombian-based drug traffickers is now controlled
by trafficking groups from Mexico in cities such as Chicago, Dallas, Denver,
Houston, Los Angeles, Phoenix, San Diego, San Francisco, and Seattle.
In addition to cocaine transportation, some drug trafficking groups operating
from Mexico appear to offer a range of services, including wholesale cocaine
distribution and money laundering for Colombian clients, and direct delivery
to wholesale-level customers on behalf of the major Colombian based cocaine
groups.
Routes
and General Methods
Over the past two
decades, cocaine was moved primarily by air and land into Mexico from
Colombia. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, traffickers used large
commercial aircraft, such as 727's and 737's, to move cocaine from South
America to Mexico. Currently, maritime vessels are the most frequent method
used to transport bulk shipments of cocaine to Mexico for ultimate distribution
in the United States. Colombian-based traffickers utilize fishing vessels
to move cocaine usually to the West Coast of Mexico, and, to a lesser
extent, the Yucatan peninsula. The cocaine is then off-loaded to "go-fast"
watercraft for final delivery to shore. Once secured on land, the drug
shipments are consolidated for overland movement to the U.S./Mexico Border.
Traffickers continue
to use trucking routes through Central America and Mexico to the U.S./Mexico
Border. Cocaine shipments transported through Mexico or Central America
are generally moved overland to staging sites in or near northern Mexico,
although intelligence suggests that small aircraft may play a role in
moving some cocaine to the border area. At these staging sites, the cocaine
is broken down into smaller loads for smuggling across the U.S./Mexico
border.
Three of the four
primary cocaine importation points within the United States are located
along the U.S./Mexico Border in Arizona, Southern California, and Texas.
Cross-border cocaine shipments generally are smuggled across the U.S./Mexico
border in concealed compartments within cars, trucks, and recreation vehicles,
or commingled with legitimate tractor-trailer cargo. Typically, the land
vehicles are driven across the U.S./Mexico Border, and then either left
in parking lots for subsequent pick-up, or driven directly to storage
sites in the United States. Using this method, traffickers are able to
shroud their illegal activities in the tremendous numbers of people and
vehicles crossing the U.S./Mexico Border. These cocaine shipments typically
consist of 20 to 50 kilogram loads secreted in concealed compartments
that are primarily located under floorboards and/or in gas tanks of passenger
cars, pickup trucks, and vans. Larger quantities, however, have also been
seized. For example, in October, 2001,109 kilograms of cocaine were seized
at a U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) checkpoint in Falfurrias,
Texas. The cocaine was found inside boxes onboard a tractor-trailer, commingled
with a shipment of tee shirts.
Cocaine also is carried
across the U.S.-Mexico border by couriers known as mules, who cross into
the United States either legally through U.S./Mexico Border ports of entry,
or illegally through undesignated points along the border. The couriers
typically carry small, kilogram quantities of cocaine, thus minimizing
the losses incurred by the courier's controller in the event of robbery,
theft, or law enforcement intervention.
Heroin Trafficking
across the U.S./Mexico Border
The U.S./Mexico Border
is a significant transit point to the U.S. heroin market, not only for
the Mexican black tar and brown heroin that dominate the markets west
of the Mississippi River, but increasingly for South American heroin destined
for the primary markets in the Northeast. Moreover, Nigerian and Southeast
Asia based traffickers have been known to move opiate/heroin products
across the U.S./Mexico Border.
Mexican
Heroin
Mexican Black tar
and brown heroin has been a threat to the United States for decades. It
is produced, smuggled, and distributed by poly-drug trafficking groups,
many of which have been in operation for more than 20 years. Mexican based
heroin distributors operating within the United States have historically
been Mexican nationals with familial and/or geographical ties to the States
of Durango, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, and Sinoloa.
Mexican heroin primarily
is smuggled overland and across the U.S./Mexico Border. Traffickers take
advantage of easy border access and store bulk quantities of heroin in
Mexico, where the perceived risk of discovery and seizure is low. When
a transaction is arranged, the contracted amount, usually 1 to 2 kilograms,
is smuggled into the United States, frequently by illegal aliens and migrant
workers. By keeping quantities small, traffickers hope to minimize the
risk of losing a significant quantity of heroin in a single seizure. Even
large poly-drug Mexican organizations, which smuggle multi-ton quantities
of cocaine and marijuana, generally limit smuggling of Mexican heroin
into the United States to kilogram and smaller amounts. Nevertheless,
trafficking organizations employing this "piecemeal" strategy are capable
of regularly smuggling significant quantities of heroin into the United
States.
Recent intelligence
indicates that some heroin traffickers are smuggling 5 to 30 kilograms
of Mexican heroin in tar and powder form from the interior of Mexico,
representing a departure from the previous practice of Mexican based traffickers,
who smuggled heroin into the United States in 1-2 kilogram amounts.
Once heroin is smuggled
into the United States, transportation is arranged to metropolitan areas
in the western and southwestern states with sizeable Hispanic populations.
Mexican heroin has also been transported to primary markets in Chicago,
Denver, and St. Louis. Periodically, Mexican traffickers have attempted
to find markets for black tar heroin in East Coast cities such as Boston
and Atlanta. However, this effort at market expansion has, for the most
part, met with failure. Although recent DEA cases have involved Mexican
black tar heroin trafficking groups operating east of the Mississippi
River, there has been no successful, long-term penetration of the East
Coast heroin market by organizations selling Mexican-produced heroin.
South
American Heroin
The availability
of South American heroin, produced almost exclusively in Colombia, has
increased dramatically in the Eastern United States since 1993. Despite
having relatively limited production capacity and relying on unsophisticated
smuggling techniques, traffickers of South American heroin have had a
substantial impact on the U.S. market. The traffic of South American heroin
has been characterized by the production of modest quantities of the drug
in small laboratories in Colombia, the smuggling of heroin in quantities
of 500 grams to 1 kilogram by numerous couriers aboard commercial airlines,
and distribution of the drug through traditional retail outlets in northeastern
cities, primarily New York City, Newark, Boston, and Philadelphia.
In response to increased
drug law enforcement presence at eastern ports of entry, some South American
based heroin traffickers have sought out alternative routes. Recent seizures
in 2000 and 2001 reflect an increasing use of Mexico to smuggle South
American heroin into the United States. In February 2001, for example,
two separate seizures of South American heroin, totaling 4.9 kilograms,
were made at the airport in Tijuana, Mexico.
Methamphetamine
Trafficking across the U.S./Mexico Border
Over the last decade,
the methamphetamine trafficking and abuse situation in the United States
changed dramatically. In the mid-1990s, methamphetamine trafficking and
abuse increased in the United States, primarily in the West and Midwest.
In 1997, this trend started to spread, to a lesser extent, to the Southeast.
The entry of Mexico-based trafficking organizations into the methamphetamine
trade contributed to this resurgence.
Historically, outlaw
motorcycle gangs and many independent dealers dominated methamphetamine
manufacturing and trafficking. The entree of Mexican traffickers into
the methamphetamine production and distribution trade in the early 1990's
resulted in a significant increase in high-purity supplies of the drug.
Although independent trafficking groups continue to produce methamphetamine,
in 1994 Mexican drug trafficking organizations operating in California
and Mexico began to take control of the production and distribution of
methamphetamine in the United States.
What was once controlled
by independent, regionalized outlaw motorcycle gangs was taken over by
major Mexican organizations and independent operators based in Mexico
and California. Mexican trafficking organizations now dominate wholesale
methamphetamine trafficking, using large-scale laboratories based in Mexico
and the western and southwestern United States. Outlaw motorcycle gangs
are still active in methamphetamine production, but do not produce the
large quantities that are distributed by Mexican groups.
In the early to mid-1990s,
Mexican organizations had ready access to precursor chemicals on the international
market. These chemicals had fewer controls in Mexico and overseas than
in the United States. The Mexican national organizations further developed
existing international connections with chemical suppliers in Europe,
Asia, and the Far East, and were able to obtain ton quantities of the
necessary precursor chemicals, specifically bulk ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.
From their experience
in the trafficking of cocaine, heroin and marijuana, the Mexican organizations
already had well-established transportation routes. Initially offering
inexpensive, high-purity methamphetamine, the Mexican organizations ultimately
gained a foothold in the existing United States market and expanded their
operations. Since they produced their own drug, they maintained greater
control of the methamphetamine market and reaped greater profits than
with the distribution of other drugs. It should be noted that high-purity
methamphetamine produced by the Mexican groups, in combination with the
marketing strategy of providing free samples, created new population of
addicts.
Until 1999, the methamphetamine
problem was increasing at an alarming rate. Domestic and international
chemical control efforts, including increased scrutiny of imports and
domestic registrants who handle List I chemicals, have reduced the supply
of those chemicals needed to produce high-quality methamphetamine. As
a result, the national purity level for methamphetamine, as well as amphetamine,
has gone down dramatically. The average purity of methamphetamine exhibits
seized by DEA dropped from 71.9 percent in 1994 to 30.7 percent in 1999,
rising slightly to 34.6 percent in 2000. Emergency room mentions and overdose
deaths involving methamphetamine show a corresponding decrease.
With the success
of efforts to control the flow of bulk ephedrine and pseudoephedrine,
through initiatives stemming from bilateral and multilateral meetings
and the "letter of non-objection program" for List I chemical imports
from certain critical countries, Mexican traffickers turned to tableted
forms of the precursors in the U.S. In 1997 and 1998, the vast majority
of methamphetamine laboratories operated by Mexican organizations that
were seized in California obtained their precursor chemicals from sources
in the United States. The Mexican organizations obtained their precursors
from chemical wholesalers, rogue chemical companies, and back door/blackmarket
sales of large quantities of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine tablets from unscrupulous
retail and convenience store operators. Some of those operators have been
targeted through initiatives such as Operation Mountain Express, a DEA-led
effort described below. The HIDTA-funded National Methamphetamine Chemical
Initiative promotes cooperation and coordination of cases between the
myriad enforcement authorities involved. A disturbing trend is the use
of Canada, which does not have a chemical control law, to evade applicable
regulatory systems in place in both the United States and Mexico.
Marijuana
Trafficking across the U.S./Mexico Border
Drug trafficking
organizations operating from Mexico have smuggled marijuana into the United
States for over 20 years and are responsible for supplying most of the
foreign marijuana available in the United States. Virtually all the marijuana
smuggled into the United States, whether grown in Mexico or shipped through
Mexico from lesser sources such as Central America, is smuggled across
the U.S./Mexico Border.
Drug trafficking
organizations employ a wide range of methods to transport the marijuana.
The most common method is to smuggle marijuana in bulk quantities by truck
and smaller quantities in vehicle tires, fuel tanks, seats, or false compartments.
Traffickers use various vehicles to cross POEs: commercial vehicles, private
automobiles, pickup trucks, vans, mobile homes, and horse trailers. Marijuana
also is hidden inside agricultural products, and is smuggled across the
border by horse, raft, and backpack. There are also sporadic reports of
marijuana being smuggled via private aircraft; however, field offices
do not consider border crossings by air to be a significant threat. They
do report that private aircraft are used to smuggle marijuana up to the
border on the Mexico side where large quantities of marijuana are stockpiled.
The primary routes for moving marijuana into the United States, however,
remain the overland routes.
MDMA Trafficking
across the U.S./Mexico Border
In the future, Mexico
may increasingly be used as a transit zone for MDMA entering the United
States. In the year 2000, several seizures of MDMA en route or in Mexico
were reported. For example, in September 2000, Dutch authorities seized
a 1.25 million-tablet shipment of MDMA destined for Mexico. On November
20, 2000, approximately 64,000 Ecstasy pills were seized at the Mexico
City Airport.
Confronting
the Threat: A Balanced Response
Given the expanse
of the California/Mexico Border, it is clear that no single agency can
"control" the border or completely filter illegal drugs from the massive
quantities of legitimate commercial cargo that flow across our borders
each day. Accordingly, DEA continues to implement a balanced approach
to confronting the drug threat posed by the criminal organizations exploiting
our Border. The elements of this approach range from capitalizing on the
latest advances in telecommunications technology, to our adhering to basic,
time-honored principles of interagency cooperation. As evidenced by the
following program descriptions, DEA is continuously working to generate
innovative enforcement initiatives that will serve to immobilize the most
sophisticated international drug trafficking organizations operating today.
DEA's strategic approach
to targeting major drug trafficking organizations is to initiate and pursue
high impact, intelligence-driven, multi-agency, multi-jurisdiction/multi-nation
investigations that employ a combination of intelligence, investigative
technology support, and the coordinated efforts of DEA and its federal,
state, local and foreign law enforcement counterparts. By strategically
and comprehensively targeting international command and control centers
of drug syndicates based overseas in conjunction with their domestic entry
and transshipment routes and local distribution points, DEA has been able
to dismantle drug organizations in virtually all arenas. This approach
requires DEA's foreign and domestic enforcement, intelligence, and technology
elements to work collectively to transform isolated investigations into
large-scale, multi-agency, multi-jurisdiction/multi-nation investigations.
Southwest
Border Initiative
One of DEA's primary
functions is to coordinate the many drug investigations taking place along
America' roughly 2,000-mile border with Mexico, an effort that involves
literally thousands of federal, state and local law enforcement officers.
The "Southwest Border Initiative" is a comprehensive approach to meet
this challenge and is an enforcement priority for the San Diego Field
Division. As the threat from Mexican- based poly-drug trafficking organizations
continues to escalate, the workload steadily increases. Much of this increased
workload is due to expansion by Mexican-based traffickers into new geographic
regions of the U.S., particularly the Midwest. Mexican- based traffickers
have become the world's preeminent drug traffickers, and their organizations
are generally complex in nature and characterized by a high propensity
for violence.
To counter this threat,
federal drug law enforcement has aggressively pursued drug trafficking
along the U.S./Mexico border. Through a cooperative and coordinated enforcement
effort, DEA, the FBI, U.S. Border Patrol, U.S. Attorney's Office, U.S.
Customs Service, and state and local law enforcement agencies have worked
together to reduce the amount of illicit drugs entering the United States
through the U.S./Mexico Border. The Southwest Border Initiative is intended
to counter drug activity by identifying, penetrating, disrupting, and
dismantling the major Mexican and Colombian- based drug trafficking organizations
using the border to smuggle illegal drugs into the United States. The
strategy is to attack major Mexican-based trafficking organizations on
both sides of the border simultaneously, employing enhanced intelligence
and enforcement initiatives, and cooperative efforts with the Government
of Mexico. The San Diego Field Division is aggressively involved in every
aspect of this Initiative.
One of the principal
examples of the San Diego Field Division's cooperative efforts is the
Narcotic Task Force (NTF). The NTF investigates local/ impact violent
crime groups and mid-level distributors. This DEA funded Task Force is
now in its 27th year. The goal of the NTF is to provide San
Diego County with coverage of narcotic enforcement expertise and to promote
cooperation between law enforcement agencies. This is accomplished through
an active officer exchange program and is enhanced by the diverse countywide
agency membership in the NTF.
As indicated by the
cases below, the Southwest Border Initiative has built a record of success
in targeting, immobilizing, and dismantling major drug trafficking organizations.
Most of these investigations directly impacted the San Diego, California
area.
Operation
Green Air (Marijuana) was a multi-jurisdictional investigation
targeting a Mexican/Jamaican marijuana smuggling and distribution organization
with ties to Traditional Organized Crime. The organization smuggled multi-thousand
pound quantities of marijuana by trucks and other conveyances from Mexico
through U.S. Ports of Entry in Southern California to warehouses in the
greater Los Angeles area. Several corrupt warehouse employees shipped
the marijuana via Federal Express to distribution cells on the East Coast.
Operation Green Air culminated in April 2000 with a nationwide takedown
that resulted in the seizure of more than 15.25 tons of marijuana, $4,546,384
in U.S. currency, and the arrest of 106 individuals.
Operation
Impunity II (Cocaine) was a multi-jurisdictional investigation
targeting a Mexican drug trafficking organization responsible for the
transportation and distribution of multi-hundred kilogram shipments of
cocaine from Mexico to cities throughout the United States. This investigation
targeted remnants of the Carrillo-Fuentes Organization and the Gulf Cartel
Organization. Operation Impunity II culminated in December 2000 with a
nationwide takedown that produced the seizure of 5,266 kilograms of cocaine,
9,325 pounds of marijuana, $9,663,265 in U.S. currency/assets, and the
arrest of 141 individuals.
Operation
Tar Pit (Heroin) was a multi-jurisdictional investigation targeting
a Mexican heroin transportation and trafficking organization based in
Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Primarily, this organization imported multi-kilogram
quantities of black tar heroin from Mexico into the United States. The
heroin was transported to the greater Los Angeles area and distributed
to organization cell heads throughout the U.S., including San Diego, CA;
Bakersfield, CA; Honolulu, HI; Portland, OR; Denver, CO; Cleveland, OH;
Columbus, OH; Pittsburgh, PA; Phoenix, AZ; Yuma, AZ; Albuquerque, NM;
and Charleston, WV. In June 2000, a multi-nation takedown was conducted
against Operation Tar Pit targets that included the principal Mexican
command and control members in Mexico, U.S. based cell heads, workers
for each cell, and couriers. This investigation culminated in the seizure
of 64 pounds of black tar heroin, 10 weapons, $304,450 in U.S. currency,
and the arrest of 249 individuals.
Operation
Mountain Express (Pseudoephedrine) was a DEA operation that targeted
traffickers of the methamphetamine precursor pseudoephedrine. Existing
regulations allowed DEA registrants to obtain multi-ton quantities of
tablet pseudoephedrine from gray-market importers. California-based Mexican
production organizations took advantage of this fact by purchasing ton
quantities of pseudoephedrine for use in methamphetamine production. Since
January 2000, several multi-jurisdictional investigations targeting pseudoephedrine
traffickers have been conducted. The illicit trafficking of pseudoephedrine
was traced from bulk importers to rogue wholesalers and distributors and
eventually to pseudoephedrine extraction laboratories. Operation Mountain
Express resulted in the arrest of 189 individuals and the seizure of more
than 12.5 tons of pseudoephedrine, 83 pounds of finished methamphetamine,
$11,100,000 in U.S. currency, and real property in excess of $1,000,000.
Operation
Gas Mask (Precursor Chemicals) is a recently completed investigation
targeting a California based supplier of HCL gas to Mexican national methamphetamine
production organizations. This investigation resulted in the seizure of
10 operational methamphetamine Super Labs, 5 pseudoephedrine extraction
labs, 497 gallons of methamphetamine in solution, 140 pound of finished
methamphetamine, and assets totaling $1.5 million. Additionally, Operation
Gas Mask resulted in the arrest of 48 individuals including Mexican National
laboratory operators, chemical brokers, the California based supplier
of HCL gas and two suppliers of solvents and reagents.
Eduviko Garcia
Organization (Mexican Methamphetamine). Recently, DEA concluded
an investigation which targeted the Eduviko Garcia methamphetamine organization.
Garcia received methamphetamine through a Nuevo Laredo, Mexico-based facilitator
who in turn received methamphetamine from a variety of Mexican based sources.
Methamphetamine seized in the Garcia investigation has been tied to Francisco
Zarragoza, a methamphetamine source based in Guadalajara, Mexico. The
Garcia investigation resulted in enforcement actions in the states of
Texas, Indiana, Washington, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Kansas and Kentucky
and resulted in the seizure of 53 pounds of methamphetamine, 18 kilograms
of cocaine, and the arrest of 50 individuals.
Other
Enforcement Operations
Highway interdiction
is central to drug enforcement since a vast number of seizures occur at
checkpoint stops within 150 miles of the border in California. In addition
to their drug and money seizures, state, local, and federal agencies generate
valuable intelligence on trafficking patterns, concealment methods, and
cell membership and structure. Presently, there are drug interdiction
programs promoted and monitored by the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC),
but carried out by state and local law enforcement officials. The operations
are carried out along the highways and interstates most often used by
trafficking organizations to move illegal drugs north and east, and illicit
money south and west.
With DEA support,
state and local highway officers are able to execute controlled deliveries
of the drug shipments that they seize, thereby expanding the scope of
their own investigations. These programs consist of three elements: training,
real-time communication, and analytical support. With support from EPIC,
training schools in support of these programs are designed and delivered
to state and local highway officers across the nation. The training and
implementation of these programs are conducted in accordance with the
Attorney General's guidelines for Fairness in Law Enforcement, and prohibit
the use of race, ethnicity or nationality as the sole basis for initiating
law enforcement interdiction of suspected drug traffickers.
Intelligence
Operations
The intelligence
collection process is critical to the interdiction of drugs. Each time
we dismantle an organization, DEA gains vital intelligence about the organization
to use, both to further additional investigative efforts, and to increase
the accuracy of intelligence information provided to the interdiction
operations conducted by other law enforcement agencies. The domestic and
international aspects of trafficking organizations are inextricably woven
together. U.S. law enforcement must be able to successfully attack the
command and control functions of these international drug trafficking
syndicates on all fronts if ultimate success in diminishing the operational
effectiveness of these organizations is to be achieved.
Collocation
of Law Enforcement Assets
In addition to conducting
numerous joint investigations with the United States Customs Service (USCS),
DEA is working to optimize the operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness
of U.S./Mexico Border operations conducted with other DOJ components,
such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS). The conference report language for the FY
2001 Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary Appropriation Bill states
that "DEA is also directed to better coordinate its operations with other
Federal Agencies, including INS and FBI, along the U.S./Mexico Border,
and to pursue co-location of offices wherever practical."
A Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU) has been drafted and is currently pending endorsement by administrative
program managers from DEA, FBI, and INS. By adhering to the provisions
of this MOU, the enforcement components of the Justice Department will
coordinate the review of their respective facility lease terms, and determine
compatible opportunities for collocation.
Conclusion
Drug trafficking
organizations operating along the California/Mexico Border, which are
controlled by Mexican-based kingpins, continue to be a great concern to
communities in California and the nation. As a result of their alliances
with Colombian organizations, Mexico-based drug trafficking organizations
increasingly have become organized, specialized and efficient, with individual
components steadily consolidating power and control over well-defined
areas of responsibility and geographic strongholds. The power and influence
of these organizations is pervasive, and continues to expand to new markets
across the United States.
The DEA is deeply
committed to intensifying our efforts to identify, target, arrest and
incapacitate the leadership of these criminal drug trafficking organizations.
The combined investigations of DEA, FBI, the U.S. Customs Service and
members of other federal, state, and local police departments continue
to result in the seizure of hundreds of tons of drugs, hundreds of millions
of dollars in drug proceeds, and the indictments of significant drug traffickers,
and the dismantling of the command and control elements of their organizations.
Cooperative investigations
will continue to send a strong message to all drug traffickers that the
U.S. law enforcement communities will not sit idle as these organizations
threaten the welfare of our citizens and the security of our towns and
cities. The principal leaders of major drug trafficking organizations
fear the threat of extradition to the United States more than any other
law enforcement or judicial tool. Extradition of significant traffickers
ensures that those responsible for the command and control of illicit
activities, including drug smuggling and money laundering, will be held
totally accountable for their actions and serve a prison sentence commensurate
with their crimes.
In Mexico, the newly
installed Fox Administration has given every indication of their intention
to work as equal partners with American drug law enforcement, and we look
forward to our future endeavors with optimism. Hopefully, these new endeavors
will include the successful extradition of major Mexican-based traffickers
to the United States.
Mr. Chairman, thank
you for the opportunity to appear before the Subcommittee today. I would
be happy to answer any questions that you or other members of the Subcommittee
may have at the appropriate time.
|