January 17, 2008 |
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As recent findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) show, substance abuse varies across States.1 Admissions to substance abuse treatment also demonstrate geographic differences, and admissions for various substances of abuse show specific geographic concentrations and patterns. These patterns also change over time.
Admissions to substance abuse treatment by State can be monitored with the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), an annual compilation of data on the
demographic characteristics and substance abuse problems of those admitted to substance abuse treatment, primarily at facilities that receive some public funding.2,3 TEDS records represent admissions rather than individuals, as a person may be admitted to treatment more than once during a single year.
Among the six primary substances of abuse4 that dominate TEDS admissions, the rates of substance abuse treatment admissions in the Nation as a whole increased for three (marijuana, methamphetamine/amphetamine, and opiates other than heroin) and decreased for three (alcohol, cocaine, and heroin). This report focuses on trends in admission rates5,6 for methamphetamine/amphetamine and marijuana, which have the largest number of admissions among the substances with increased admission rates and, therefore, have the greatest impact on the treatment system.
The methamphetamine/amphetamine treatment admission rate for the United States as a whole increased between 1995 and 2005, from 30 per 100,000 persons aged 12 or older to 68 per 100,000. Admission rates increased in 43 of the 44 States reporting in both years.7 Four of the 10 States with the highest rates of admission in 1995 (i.e., those States with admission rates greater than 50 per 100,000) more than doubled their rate of admission in 2005 (Hawaii, Washington, Montana, and Arkansas)
(Table 1).
In 1995 and 2005, methamphetamine/amphetamine admission rates were generally highest in the Pacific and Mountain States8 (Figure 1). In 1995, one State had a methamphetamine/amphetamine admission rate equal to or greater than 220 per 100,000 persons aged 12 or older; by 2005, four States had rates that high or higher. States east of the Mississippi River generally exhibited higher rates of admissions in 2005 than in 1995.
State | Rate per 100,000 Persons Aged 12 or Older | Percentage Increase in Rate of Admissions 1995 to 2005 | |
---|---|---|---|
1995 | 2005 | ||
Oregon | 281 | 314 | 12 |
Iowa | 151 | 229 | 52 |
Nevada | 112 | 174 | 55 |
California | 111 | 218 | 96 |
Utah | 110 | 208 | 89 |
Hawaii | 107 | 244 | 128 |
Montana | 89 | 185 | 108 |
Oklahoma | 83 | 138 | 66 |
Washington | 82 | 226 | 176 |
Arkansas | 51 | 137 | 169 |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
State | Rate per 100,000 | Percentile Based on 1995 Admission Rates |
---|---|---|
Alabama | 5-46 | 50th-74th |
Alaska |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Arizona |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Arkansas |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
California | 108-219 | 90th-98th |
Colorado |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Connecticut |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Delaware |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
District of Columbia |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Florida |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Georgia |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Hawaii |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
Idaho |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
Illinois |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Indiana |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Iowa |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Kansas | 47-107 | 75th-89th |
Kentucky |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Louisiana |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Maine | Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Maryland |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Massachusetts |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Michigan |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Minnesota |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Mississippi |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Missouri |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Montana |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
Nebraska |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Nevada |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
New Hampshire |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
New Jersey |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
New Mexico |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
New York |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
North Carolina |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
North Dakota |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Ohio |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Oklahoma |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
Oregon |
220 or more | 99th |
Pennsylvania |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Rhode Island |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
South Carolina |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
South Dakota |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Tennessee |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Texas |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Utah |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Vermont |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Virginia |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Washington |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
West Virginia |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Wisconsin |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Wyoming |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
State | Rate per 100,000 | Percentile Based on 1995 Admission Rates |
---|---|---|
Alabama | 5-46 | 50th-74th |
Alaska |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Arizona |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
Arkansas |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
California | 108-219 | 90th-98th |
Colorado |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Connecticut |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Delaware |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
District of Columbia |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Florida |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Georgia |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
Hawaii |
220 or more | 99th |
Idaho |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Illinois |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Indiana |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Iowa |
220 or more | 99th |
Kansas | 47-107 | 75th-89th |
Kentucky |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Louisiana |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Maine | 5-46 | 50th-74th |
Maryland |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Massachusetts |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Michigan |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Minnesota |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Mississippi |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Missouri |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Montana |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Nebraska |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Nevada |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
New Hampshire |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
New Jersey |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
New Mexico |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
New York |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
North Carolina |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
North Dakota |
47-107 | 75th-89th |
Ohio |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Oklahoma |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Oregon |
220 or more | 99th |
Pennsylvania |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
Rhode Island |
Less than 5 | Below The Median |
South Carolina |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
South Dakota |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Tennessee |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Texas |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Utah |
108-219 | 90th-98th |
Vermont |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Virginia |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Washington |
220 or more | 99th |
West Virginia |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Wisconsin |
5-46 | 50th-74th |
Wyoming |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
The marijuana admission rate for the United States as a whole increased from 81 per 100,000 persons aged 12 or older in 1995 to over 118 per 100,000 in 2005. Rates increased in 36 of the 44 States reporting in both years, and declined in 8 States.9 Three of the 10 States with the highest rates of admission in 1995 (i.e., those States with at least 130 admissions per 100,000) increased their rates of admission in 2005 by at least 20 percent (Iowa, Montana, and Maryland) (Table 2).
Although admission rates for marijuana were generally higher in 2005 than in 1995, the geographic pattern was similar in 1995 and 2005 (Figure 2). Marijuana treatment admission rates were generally highest in the West North Central and Pacific States.
State | Rate per 100,000 Persons Aged 12 or Older | Percentage Difference in Rate of Admissions 1995 to 2005 | |
---|---|---|---|
1995 | 2005 | ||
Iowa | 204 | 268 | 31 |
Kansas | 194 | 162 | -16 |
Oregon | 189 | 216 | 14 |
Montana | 162 | 195 | 20 |
Maryland | 157 | 195 | 24 |
Minnesota | 153 | 179 | 17 |
Colorado | 138 | 149 | 8 |
Michigan | 135 | 117 | -13 |
Utah | 134 | 110 | -18 |
Ohio | 130 | 151 | 16 |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
State | Rate per 100,000 | Percentile Based on 1995 Admission Rates |
---|---|---|
Alabama | Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Alaska |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Arizona |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Arkansas |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
California | Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Colorado |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Connecticut |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Delaware |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
District of Columbia |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Florida |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Georgia |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Hawaii |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Idaho |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Illinois |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Indiana |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Iowa |
199 or more | 99th |
Kansas | 154-198 | 90th-98th |
Kentucky |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Louisiana |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Maine | 79-124 | 50th-74th |
Maryland |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Massachusetts |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Michigan |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Minnesota |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Mississippi |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Missouri |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Montana |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Nebraska |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Nevada |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
New Hampshire |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
New Jersey |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
New Mexico |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
New York |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
North Carolina |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
North Dakota |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Ohio |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Oklahoma |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Oregon |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Pennsylvania |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Rhode Island |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
South Carolina |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
South Dakota |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Tennessee |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Texas |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Utah |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Vermont |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Virginia |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Washington |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
West Virginia |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Wisconsin |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Wyoming |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
State | Rate per 100,000 | Percentile Based on 1995 Admission Rates |
---|---|---|
Alabama | 79-124 | 50th-74th |
Alaska |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Arizona |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Arkansas |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
California | 79-124 | 50th-74th |
Colorado |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Connecticut |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Delaware |
199 or more | 99th |
District of Columbia |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Florida |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Georgia |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Hawaii |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Idaho |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Illinois |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Indiana |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Iowa |
199 or more | 99th |
Kansas | 154-198 | 90th-98th |
Kentucky |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Louisiana |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Maine | 125-153 | 75th-89th |
Maryland |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Massachusetts |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Michigan |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Minnesota |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Mississippi |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Missouri |
199 or more | 99th |
Montana |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
Nebraska |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Nevada |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
New Hampshire |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
New Jersey |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
New Mexico |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
New York |
199 or more | 99th |
North Carolina |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
North Dakota |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Ohio |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
Oklahoma |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Oregon |
199 or more | 99th |
Pennsylvania |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Rhode Island |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
South Carolina |
125-153 | 75th-89th |
South Dakota |
199 or more | 99th |
Tennessee |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Texas |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Utah |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Vermont |
199 or more | 99th |
Virginia |
79-124 | 50th-74th |
Washington |
154-198 | 90th-98th |
West Virginia |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Wisconsin |
Less than 79 | Below The Median |
Wyoming |
Incomplete Data | Incomplete Data |
Source: 2005 SAMHSA Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). |
1 Wright, D., Sathe, N., & Spagnola, K. (2007). State estimates of substance use from the 2004-2005 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (DHHS Publication No. SMA 07-4235, NSDUH Series H-31). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
2 State-to-State comparisons using TEDS data should be made with caution. TEDS aggregates data collected through the data collection systems of the Single State Agencies (SSAs) for substance abuse treatment. Data from States vary on a number of methodological issues, such as completeness of reporting, whether all or only certain types of facilities within a State report, whether only clients whose treatment is paid for with State/public funds are included, how successfully States can identify and report client admissions, and whether States include or exclude reporting by certain sectors of the treatment population (e.g., treatment programs based in the criminal justice system). Therefore, differences in rates of admission between States may be, in part, owing to the methodological differences of the data collected. Although State-to-State comparisons must be made with caution, maps can show important information about differences in the nature and the scope of substance abuse and its treatment. For more information on State reporting, see chapter 4 of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (2007). Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS): 1995-2005. National admissions to substance abuse treatment services (DASIS Series: S-37, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 07-4234). Rockville, MD.
3 In 1995, TEDS collected data on almost 1.7 million admissions to substance abuse treatment facilities. Three States (AZ, KY, and WY) did not submit data in 1995. In 2005, TEDS collected data on 1.8 million admissions to substance abuse treatment facilities. Four States and jurisdictions (AK, DC, NM, and WY) did not submit data in 2005. Data for Idaho were incomplete in 2005.
4 The primary substance of abuse is the main substance reported at the time of admission.
5 Admission rates were calculated using the U.S. Census Bureau projections for 1995 and 2005 for the population aged 12 years or older as the denominator and TEDS admissions aged 12 years or older as the numerator.
6 The same percentile categories are used for mapping both 1995 and 2005 admissions rates. The maps therefore show how a State’s admission rate in 2005 compares with that same State in 1995, using 1995 admission rates as the baseline for establishing the categories for admission rates. For the maps, the median, 75th, 90th, and 99th percentiles of the range of 1995 admission rates were used to establish the rate categories used in the legend. Each 1995 map generally shows 1 State in dark green (the 99th percentile and above), 4 States in dark blue (the 90th to 98th percentiles), 7 States in light green (the 75th to 89th percentiles, 12 States in light blue (the 50th to 74th percentiles), and 23 States in white (below the median 1995 U.S. rate). Crosshatching indicates States where no data were submitted or where changes in reporting patterns made inclusion inappropriate.
7 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of
Applied Studies, op cit., table 2.8b.
8 The U. S. Census Bureau divides the country into nine census divisions: New England (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, and VT), Middle Atlantic (NJ, NY, and PA), East North Central (IL, IN, MI, OH, and WI), West North Central (IA, KS, MN, MO, ND, NE, and SD), South Atlantic (DC, DE, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA, and WV), East South Central (AL, KY, MS, and TN), West South Central (AR, LA, OK, and TX), Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, and WY), and Pacific (AK, CA, HI, OR, and WA).
9 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of
Applied Studies, op cit., table 2.7b.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (January 17, 2008). The DASIS Report - - Geographic Differences in Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions for Methamphetamine/Amphetamine and Marijuana: 2005. Rockville, MD.
The Drug and
Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) is an integrated data
system maintained by the Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). One component of DASIS
is the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). TEDS is a compilation of data
on the demographic characteristics and substance abuse problems of
those admitted for substance abuse treatment. The information comes
primarily from facilities that receive some public funding. Information
on treatment admissions is routinely collected by State administrative
systems and then submitted to SAMHSA in a standard format. TEDS records
represent admissions rather than individuals, as a person may be
admitted to treatment more than once. State admission data are reported
to TEDS by the Single State Agencies (SSAs) for substance abuse
treatment. There are significant differences among State data
collection systems. Sources of State variation include completeness of
reporting, facilities reporting TEDS data, clients included, and
treatment resources available. See the annual TEDS reports for details.
Approximately 1.8 million records are included in TEDS each year. The DASIS Report is prepared by the Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA; Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., Arlington, Virginia; and by RTI International in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute). Information and data for this issue are based on data reported to TEDS through October 3, 2006. Access the latest TEDS reports
at: |
The DASIS Report is published periodically by the Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. Additional copies of this report or other reports from the Office of Applied Studies are available online: http://oas.samhsa.gov. Citation of the source is appreciated. For questions about this report please e-mail: shortreports@samhsa.hhs.gov |
This page was last updated on December 30, 2008. |
SAMHSA, an agency in the Department of Health and Human Services, is the Federal Government's lead agency for improving the quality and availability of substance abuse prevention, addiction treatment, and mental health services in the United States.
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