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SHOOTGRO emphasizes the development and growth of the shoot apex of small-grain cereals such as winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). To better incorporate the variability typical in the field, up to six cohorts, or age classes, of plants are followed using a daily time step. Within each plant of a cohort, the appearance of each tiller is simulated, and for each culm (main stem and tillers), the phenological growth stage and appearance, growth, and senescence/abortion of each leaf, internode, spikelet, floret, kernel, rachis, and chaff is simulated. The model has been evaluated under conditions from the Great Plains, Pacific Northwest, South Africa, Italy, and England.

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